The effects of patent harmonization on inventors

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1994.by Lily Lim.M.S

The function and evolution of the restriction factor viperin in primates was not driven by lentiviruses

Abstract Background Viperin, also known as RSAD2, is an interferon-inducible protein that potently restricts a broad range of different viruses such as influenza, hepatitis C virus, human cytomegalovirus and West Nile virus. Viperin is thought to affect virus budding by modification of the lipid environment within the cell. Since HIV-1 and other retroviruses depend on lipid domains of the host cell for budding and infectivity, we investigated the possibility that Viperin also restricts human immunodeficiency virus and other retroviruses. Results Like other host restriction factors that have a broad antiviral range, we find that viperin has also been evolving under positive selection in primates. The pattern of positive selection is indicative of Viperin's escape from multiple viral antagonists over the course of primate evolution. Furthermore, we find that Viperin is interferon-induced in HIV primary target cells. We show that exogenous expression of Viperin restricts the LAI strain of HIV-1 at the stage of virus release from the cell. Nonetheless, the effect of Viperin restriction is highly strain-specific and does not affect most HIV-1 strains or other retroviruses tested. Moreover, knockdown of endogenous Viperin in a lymphocytic cell line did not significantly affect the spreading infection of HIV-1. Conclusion Despite positive selection having acted on Viperin throughout primate evolution, our findings indicate that Viperin is not a major restriction factor against HIV-1 and other retroviruses. Therefore, other viral lineages are likely responsible for the evolutionary signatures of positive selection in viperin among primates.</p

Neither thermosonication nor cold sonication is better than pasteurization for milk shelf life

High-power, low-frequency ultrasound has been suggested as a novel processing technique with the potential to extend milk shelf life via inactivation of bacteria and spores that survive standard pasteurization. The primary objective of this research was to determine whether short-duration (≤60 s) sonication treatment, in conjunction with pasteurization, can increase shelf life while producing no adverse aroma effect. Skim milk was inoculated with Paenibacillus amylolyticus, a spore-forming, thermotolerant and psychrophilic milk contamination bacterium. Milk was sonicated under 6 selected amplitude and time conditions, except for control. Both cold sonicated (C-S) and thermosonicated (T-S) milk and milk treatments were pasteurized; however, T-S milk was sonicated after pasteurization (72.5 ± 0.3°C; mean ± SD), whereas C-S milk was sonicated at 12.5 ± 5°C (mean ± SD) before pasteurization. Milk was refrigerated up to 50 d and total aerobic counts were enumerated on pasteurized control, C-S, and T-S milk weekly. Neither C-S nor T-S treatments reduced total aerobic counts to an equivalent level as pasteurization alone. Counts in pasteurized controls and C-S milk did not exceed 3.00 log cfu/mL for up to 50 d; counts in T-S milk exceeded 5.00 cfu/mL by d 36. Aroma qualities (cooked, lacks freshness, and rubbery) of 2 T-S treatment intensities [170 µm peak-to-peak (p-p) for 60s and 200 µmp-p for 10 s] and pasteurized controls were evaluated by a trained descriptive sensory panel. No significant differences were observed in cooked or lacks freshness aromas among samples. Only the milk treated with 170 µmp-p for 60 s had significantly higher rubbery aroma on d 1 compared with milk treated with 200 µmp-p for 10 s. Although the sensory effects of T-S on milk may not limit the commercial feasibility of cold sonication or thermosonication, conditions that differ from those used in the present study should be considered in the future. Neither C-S nor T-S were appropriate techniques for reducing bacterial count in fluid milk beyond standard pasteurization and, in fact, increased counts of spore-forming spoilage bacteria

Enrollment and attendance to Cardiac Rehabilitation after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Sarawak : A Prospective Study

Abstract: Background: Cardiac rehabilitation is vital for cardiac patients, especially after the percutaneous coronary intervention as it is proven to reduce recurrent cardiac event and death. The ongoing CR participations of the patients in Sarawak after percutaneous coronary intervention have not been explored. Purpose: To examine the enrollment and attendance to cardiac rehabilitation among patients who have underwent percutaneous coronary intervention in Sarawak. Methods: A prospective study was conducted. Data on baseline characteristics, diagnosis, smoking status, and referrals received for CR were collected for selected subjects prior to hospital discharge. Their attendances to CR programme were followed up at two months after hospital discharge. Independent sample Ttest was used to analyse the continuous data and Chi square test was conducted for categorical data to identify the differences in characteristics between patients who was enrolled for CR and those who was not. Results: Three hundred and eighty patients were recruited in this study. Among these patients, 141 patients (37.11%) were referred to CR. Only 58 patients (15.3%) completed all the eight sessions of the CR programme, 276 patients (72.6%) did not turn up and 46 patients (12.1%) dropped out before completing all the sessions. Patients who were enrolled in CR were more likely to be men (p=0.001), Malay (p=0.000), having travel time of less than 1 hour from home to hospital (p=0.000), and able to drive (p=0.009). Conclusions/ Implications for Practice: The enrollment and attendance rate of CR in Sarawak is low. Men, Malay, staying near to the hospital, and being a driver were more likely to be referred to CR. Further study on this is needed as CR is proven to benefit the patients

Biobanking and consenting to research : a qualitative thematic analysis of young people’s perspectives in the North East of England

Funding Information: We would like to thank the Young Person’s Advisory Group North England and their connections to local secondary schools for making this project possible. DIAMONDS consortium Michael Levin7, Aubrey Cunnington7, Jethro Herberg7, Myrsini Kaforou7, Victoria Wright7, Evangelos Bellos7, Claire Broderick7, Samuel Channon-Wells7,Samantha Cooray7, Tisham De7, Giselle D’Souza7, Leire Estramiana Elorrieta7, Diego Estrada-Rivadeneyra7, Rachel Galassini7, Dominic Habgood-Coote7, Shea Hamilton7, Heather Jackson7, James Kavanagh7, Mahdi Moradi Marjaneh7, Samuel Nichols7, Ruud Nijman7, Harsita Patel7, Ivana Pennisi7, Oliver Powell7, Ruth Reid7, Priyen Shah7, Ortensia Vito7, Elizabeth Whittaker7, Clare Wilson7, Rebecca Womersley7, Amina Abdulla8, Sarah Darnell8, Sobia Mustafa8, Pantelis Georgiou9, Jesus-Rodriguez Manzano10, Nicolas Moser9, Michael Carter11, Shane Tibby11, Jonathan Cohen11, Francesca Davis11, Julia Kenny11, Paul Wellman11, Marie White11, Matthew Fish12, Aislinn Jennings13, Manu Shankar-Hari13, Katy Fidler14, Dan Agranoff15, Julia Dudley14, Vivien Richmond14, Matthew Seal15, Saul Faust16, Dan Owen16, Ruth Ensom16, Sarah McKay16, Diana Mondo17, Mariya Shaji17, Rachel Schranz17, Prita Rughnani18, Amutha Anpananthar19, Susan Liebeschuetz20, Anna Riddell18, Divya Divakaran19, Louise Han19, Nosheen Khalid18, Ivone Lancoma Malcolm19, Jessica Schofield19, Teresa Simagan19, Mark Peters21, Alasdair Bamford21, Lauran O’Neill21, Nazima Pathan22, Esther Daubney23, Debora White23, Melissa Heightman24, Sarah Eisen24, Terry Segal24, Lucy Wellings24, Simon B Drysdale25, Nicole Branch25, Lisa Hamzah25, Heather Jarman25, Maggie Nyirenda25, Lisa Capozzi26, Emma Gardiner26, Robert Moots27, Magda Nasher28, Anita Hanson28, Michelle Linforth27, Sean O’Riordan29, Donna Ellis29, Akash Deep30, Ivan Caro30, Fiona Shackley31, Arianna Bellini31, Stuart Gormley31, Samira Neshat32, Barnaby J Scholefield33, Ceri Robbins33, Helen Winmill33, Stéphane C Paulus34, Andrew J Pollard35, Mark Anthony36, Sarah Hopton36, Danielle Miller36, Zoe Oliver36, Sally Beer36, Bryony Ward36, Shrijana Shrestha37, Meeru Gurung37, Puja Amatya37, Bhishma Pokhrel37, Sanjeev Man Bijukchhe37, Madhav Chandra Gautam37, Peter O’Reilly35, Sonu Shrestha35, Federico Martinón-Torres38, Antonio Salas38, Fernando Álvez González38, Sonia Ares Gómez38, Xabier Bello38, Mirian Ben García38, Fernando Caamaño Viña38, Sandra Carnota38, María José Curras-Tuala38, Ana Dacosta Urbieta38, Carlos Durán Suárez38, Isabel Ferreiros Vidal38, Luisa García Vicente38, Alberto Gómez-Carballa38, Jose Gómez Rial38, Pilar Leboráns Iglesias38, Narmeen Mallah38, Nazareth Martinón-Torres38, José María Martinón Sánchez38, Belén Mosquera Perez38, Jacobo Pardo-Seco38, Sara Pischedda38, Sara Rey Vázquez38, Irene Rivero Calle38, Carmen Rodríguez-Tenreiro38, Lorenzo Redondo-Collazo38, Sonia Serén Fernández38, Marisol Vilas Iglesias38, Enital D Carrol39, Elizabeth Cocklin39, Abbey Bracken39, Ceri Evans40Aakash Khanijau39, Rebecca Lenihan39, Nadia Lewis-Burke39, Karen Newall41, Sam Romaine39, Jennifer Whitbread39, Maria Tsolia42, Irini Eleftheriou42, Nikos Spyridis42, Maria Tambouratzi42, Despoina Maritsi42, Antonios Marmarinos42, Marietta Xagorari42, Lourida Panagiota43, Pefanis Aggelos43, Akinosoglou Karolina44, Gogos Charalambos44, Maragos Markos44, Voulgarelis Michalis45, Stergiou Ioanna45, Marieke Emonts1,2, Emma Lim1,5,6, John Isaacs2, Kathryn Bell46, Stephen Crulley46, Daniel Fabian46, Evelyn Thomson46, Diane Walia46, Caroline Miller46, Ashley Bell46, Fabian JS van der Velden1,2, Geoff Shenton47, Ashley Price48, Owen Treloar2, Daisy Thomas1, Pablo Rojo49, Cristina Epalza49, Serena Villaverde49, Sonia Márquez49, Manuel Gijón49, Fátima Marchín49, Laura Cabello49, Irene Hernández49, Lourdes Gutiérrez49, Ángela Manzanares49, Taco W Kuijpers50, Martijn van de Kuip50, Marceline van Furth50, Merlijn van den Berg50, Giske Biesbroek50, Floris Verkuil50, Carlijn W van der Zee50, Dasja Pajkrt50, Michael Boele van Hensbroek50, Dieneke Schonenberg50, Mariken Gruppen50, Sietse Nagelkerke50, Machiel H Jansen50, Ines Goedschalckx51, Lorenza Romani52, Maia De Luca52, Sara Chiurchiù52, Constanza Tripiciano52, Stefania Mercadante52, Clementien L Vermont53, Henriëtte A Moll54, Dorine M Borensztajn54, Nienke N Hagedoorn54, Chantal Tan54, Joany Zachariasse54, Willem A Dik55, Shen Ching-Fen56, Dace Zavadska57, Sniedze Laivacuma58, Aleksandra Rudzate57, Diana Stoldere57, Arta Barzdina57, Elza Barzdina57, Monta Madelane59, Dagne Gravele59, Dace Svile59, Romain Basmaci60, Noémie Lachaume60, Pauline Bories60, Raja Ben Tkhayat60, Laura Chériaux60, Juraté Davoust60, Kim-Thanh Ong60, Marie Cotillon60, Thibault de Groc60, Sébastien Le60, Nathalie Vergnault60, Hélène Sée60, Laure Cohen60, Alice de Tugny60, Nevena Danekova60, Marine Mommert-Tripon61, Marko Pokorn62, Mojca Kolnik62, Tadej Avčin62, Tanja Avramoska62, Natalija Bahovec63, Petra Bogovič63, Lidija Kitanovski62, Mirijam Nahtigal63, Lea Papst63, Tina Plankar Srovin63, Franc Strle63, Katarina Vincek63, Michiel van der Flier64, Wim JE Tissing65, Roelie M Wösten-van Asperen66, Sebastiaan J Vastert67, Daniel C Vijlbrief68, Louis J Bont69, Tom FW Wolfs69, Coco R Beudeker69, Sanne C Hulsmann69, Philipp KA Agyeman70, Luregn Schlapbach71, Christoph Aebi70, Mariama Usman70, Stefanie Schlüchter70, Verena Wyss70, Nina Schöbi70, Elisa Zimmermann70, Marion Meier71, Kathrin Weber71, Eric Giannoni72, Martin Stocker73, Klara M Posfay-Barbe74, Ulrich Heininger75, Sara Bernhard-Stirnemann76, Anita Niederer-Loher77, Christian Kahlert78, Giancarlo Natalucci79, Christa Relly80, Thomas Riedel81, Christoph Berger81, Colin Fink82, Marie Voice82, Leo Calvo-Bado82, Michael Steele82, Jennifer Holden82, Andrew Taylor82, Ronan Calvez82, Catherine Davies82, Benjamin Evans82, Jake Stevens82, Peter Matthews82, Kyle Billing82, Werner Zenz83, Alexander Binder83, Benno Kohlmaier83, Daniel S Kohlfürst83, Nina A Schweintzger83, Christoph Zurl83, Susanne Hösele83, Manuel Leitner83, Lena Pölz83, Alexandra Rusu83, Glorija Rajic83, Bianca Stoiser83, Martina Strempfl83, Manfred G Sagmeister83, Sebastian Bauchinger83, Martin Benesch84, Astrid Ceolotto83, Ernst Eber83, Siegfried Gallistl83, Harald Haidl83, Almuthe Hauer83, Christa Hude83, Andreas Kapper85, Markus Keldorfer86, Sabine Löffler86, Tobias Niedrist87, Heidemarie Pilch86, Andreas Pfleger88, Klaus Pfurtscheller89, Siegfried Rödl89, Andrea Skrabl-Baumgartner83, Volker Strenger84, Elmar Wallner85, Maike K Tauchert90, Ulrich von Both91, Laura Kolberg91, Patricia Schmied91, Ioanna Mavridi91, Irene Alba-Alejandre92, Katharina Danhauser93, Niklaus Haas94, Florian Hoffmann95, Matthias Griese96, Tobias Feuchtinger97, Sabrina Juranek98, Matthias Kappler96, Eberhard Lurz99, Esther Maier98, Karl Reiter95, Carola Schoen95, Sebastian Schroepf100, Shunmay Yeung101, Manuel Dewez101, David Bath102, Elizabeth Fitchett101, Fiona Cresswell101, Effua Usuf103, Kalifa Bojang103, Anna Roca103, Isatou Sarr103, Momodou Ndure1038Children’s Clinical Research Unit, St Mary’s Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK9Imperial College London, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK10Imperial College London, Department of Infectious Disease, Section of Adult Infectious Disease, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK11Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK12Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK13Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK14Royal Alexandra Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex, Brighton, UK15Dept of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals Sussex, Brighton, UK16NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, UK17Department of R&D, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK18Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Rd, London E1 1FR, UK19Whipps Cross University Hospital, Whipps Cross Road, London, E11 1NR, UK20Newham University Hospital, Glen Rd, London E13 8SL, UK21Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, WC1N 3JH, UK22Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK23Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK24University College London Hospital, Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK25St George’s Hospital, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, UK26University Hospital Lewisham, London SE13 6LH, UK27Aintree University Hospital, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK28Royal Liverpool Hospital, Prescot St, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK29Leeds Children’s Hospital, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK30Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK31Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Broomhall, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK32Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK33Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK34Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, UK35Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, UK36John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK37Paediatric Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal38Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain39Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecoological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK40Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK41Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Clinical Research Business Unit, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK422nd Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Children’s Hospital “P, and A. Kyriakou”, Athens, Greece431st Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital “Sotiria”, Athens, Greece44Pathology Department, University of Patras, General Hospital “Panagia i Voithia”, Greece45Pathophysiology Department, Medical Faculty, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), General Hospital “Laiko”, Athens, Greece46Great North Children’s Hospital, Paediatric Research Team, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom47Great North Children’s Hospital, Paediatric Oncology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom48Department of Infection & Tropical Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom49Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain50Amsterdam UMC, Emma Children's Hospital, Dept of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands51Sanquin, Dept of Molecular Hematology, University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands52Infectious Disease Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00165, Italy53Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands54Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Department of General Paediatrics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands55Erasmus MC, Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands56Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan57Children’s Clinical University Hospital, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia58Riga East Clinical Hospital, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia59Children’s Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia60Service de Pédiatrie-Urgences, AP-HP, Hôpital Louis-Mourier, F-92700 Colombes, France61bioMérieux—Open Innovation & Partnerships Department, Lyon, France62University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia63Department of Infectious diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia64Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands65Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands66Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands67Pediatric Rheumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands68Pediatric Neonatal Intensive Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands69Pediatric Infectious Disease and Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands70Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland71Department of Intensive Care and Neonatology, and Children`s Research Center, University Children`s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland72Clinic of Neonatology, Department Mother-Woman-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland73Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland74Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Children’s Hospital of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland75Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of Basel Children’s Hospital, Basel, Switzerland76Children’s Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland77Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland78Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland79Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, and Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Switzerland80Children’s Hospital Chur, Chur, Switzerland81Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, and Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Switzerland82Micropathology Ltd, The Venture Center, University of Warwick Science Park, Sir William Lyons Road, Coventry, CV4 7EZ, UK83Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria84Department of Pediatric Hematooncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria85Department of Internal Medicine, State Hospital Graz II, Location West, Graz, Austria86University Clinic of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Graz, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria87Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria88Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria89Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria90Biobanking and BioMolecular Resources Research Infrastructure—European Research Infrastructure Consortium (BBMRI-ERIC), Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2/B/6, 8010, Graz, Austria91Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany92Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany93Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany94Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany95Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany96Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany97Division of Pediatric Haematology & Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany98Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany99Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany100Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany101Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK102Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK103Medical Research Council at LSHTM, Fajara, the Gambia Funding Information: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 848196. The funding body played no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, interpretation of data, and in writing the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s).Background: Biobanking biospecimens and consent are common practice in paediatric research. We need to explore children and young people’s (CYP) knowledge and perspectives around the use of and consent to biobanking. This will ensure meaningful informed consent can be obtained and improve current consent procedures. Methods: We designed a survey, in co-production with CYP, collecting demographic data, views on biobanking, and consent using three scenarios: 1) prospective consent, 2) deferred consent, and 3) reconsent and assent at age of capacity. The survey was disseminated via the Young Person’s Advisory Group North England (YPAGne) and participating CYP’s secondary schools. Data were analysed using a qualitative thematic approach by three independent reviewers (including CYP) to identify common themes. Data triangulation occurred independently by a fourth reviewer. Results: One hundred two CYP completed the survey. Most were between 16–18 years (63.7%, N = 65) and female (66.7%, N = 68). 72.3% had no prior knowledge of biobanking (N = 73). Acceptability of prospective consent for biobanking was high (91.2%, N = 93) with common themes: ‘altruism’, ‘potential benefits outweigh individual risk’, 'frugality', and ‘(in)convenience’. Deferred consent was also deemed acceptable in the large majority (84.3%, N = 86), with common themes: ‘altruism’, ‘body integrity’ and ‘sample frugality’. 76.5% preferred to reconsent when cognitively mature enough to give assent (N = 78), even if parental consent was previously in place. 79.2% wanted to be informed if their biobanked biospecimen is reused (N = 80). Conclusion: Prospective and deferred consent acceptability for biobanking is high among CYP in the UK. Altruism, frugality, body integrity, and privacy are the most important themes. Clear communication and justification are paramount to obtain consent. Any CYP with capacity should be part of the consenting procedure, if possible.Peer reviewe

A pilot randomised controlled trial of the Peer Tree digital intervention targeting loneliness in young people: a study protocol

Background Young people are vulnerable to experiencing problematic levels of loneliness which can lead to poor mental health outcomes. Loneliness is a malleable treatment target and preliminary evidence has shown that it can be addressed with digital platforms. Peer Tree is a strength-based digital smartphone application aimed at reducing loneliness. The study aim is to reduce loneliness and assess the acceptability, usability, and feasibility of Peer Tree in young people enrolled at university. Methods This will be a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing a strength-based digital smartphone application (Peer Tree) with a control condition. Forty-two young people enrolled at university will be recruited for this pilot RCT. Participants with suicidal ideation or behaviours, acute psychiatric symptoms in the past month, or a current diagnosis of a mood or social anxiety disorder will be excluded. Allocation will be made on a 1:1 ratio and will occur after the initial baseline assessment. Assessments are completed at baseline, at post-intervention, and at follow-up. Participants in the control condition complete the same three assessment sessions. The primary outcome of the study will be loneliness. Depression, social anxiety, quality of life, acceptability, usability, feasibility, and safety of Peer Tree will also be measured as secondary outcomes. Discussion This trial will report the findings of implementing Peer Tree, a smartphone application aimed at reducing loneliness in university students. Findings from this trial will highlight the initial efficacy, acceptability, and feasibility of using digital positive psychology interventions to reduce subthreshold mental health concerns. Findings from this trial will also describe the safety of Peer Tree as a digital tool. Results will contribute evidence for positive psychology interventions to address mental ill-health. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12619000350123. Registered on 6 March 202

Cluster-randomized, crossover trial of head positioning in acute stroke

The role of supine positioning after acute stroke in improving cerebral blood flow and the countervailing risk of aspiration pneumonia have led to variation in head positioning in clinical practice. We wanted to determine whether outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke could be improved by positioning the patient to be lying flat (i.e., fully supine with the back horizontal and the face upwards) during treatment to increase cerebral perfusion. METHODS In a pragmatic, cluster-randomized, crossover trial conducted in nine countries, we assigned 11,093 patients with acute stroke (85% of the strokes were ischemic) to receive care in either a lying-flat position or a sitting-up position with the head elevated to at least 30 degrees, according to the randomization assignment of the hospital to which they were admitted; the designated position was initiated soon after hospital admission and was maintained for 24 hours. The primary outcome was degree of disability at 90 days, as assessed with the use of the modified Rankin scale (scores range from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater disability and a score of 6 indicating death). RESULTS The median interval between the onset of stroke symptoms and the initiation of the assigned position was 14 hours (interquartile range, 5 to 35). Patients in the lying-flat group were less likely than patients in the sitting-up group to maintain the position for 24 hours (87% vs. 95%, P\u3c0.001). In a proportional-odds model, there was no significant shift in the distribution of 90-day disability outcomes on the global modified Rankin scale between patients in the lying-flat group and patients in the sitting-up group (unadjusted odds ratio for a difference in the distribution of scores on the modified Rankin scale in the lying-flat group, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 1.10; P = 0.84). Mortality within 90 days was 7.3% among the patients in the lying-flat group and 7.4% among the patients in the sitting-up group (P = 0.83). There were no significant betweengroup differences in the rates of serious adverse events, including pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS Disability outcomes after acute stroke did not differ significantly between patients assigned to a lying-flat position for 24 hours and patients assigned to a sitting-up position with the head elevated to at least 30 degrees for 24 hours

Translation, Adaptation, and Validation of the Malay Version of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale

Background: The rate of cardiac rehabilitation attendance at the Sarawak Heart Centre was identified as very low, and the reason has not been investigated. A scale is needed to identify barriers to participation in cardiac rehabilitation among patients with heart disease in Sarawak, Malaysia. Purpose: The purposes of this study were to translate, adapt, and evaluate the Malay-language version of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale (CRBS) and to measure the psychometric properties of the Malay-version CRBS to justify its use in Sarawak. Methods: A forward and back-translation method was used. Content validity was assessed by three experts. Psychometric testing was conducted on a sample of 283 patients who were eligible to participate in cardiac rehabilitation. A construct validity test was performed using factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha was used to examine the internal consistency. The test–retest reliability was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient on 22 participants. Independent-samples t test and analysis of variance were conducted to assess the criterion validity. Mean scores for total barriers of the scale and each individual factor were compared among the different patient characteristics. Results: The Malay-version CRBS showed an item level of content validity index of 1.00 for all of the items after improvements were made based on the experts' suggestions. The factor analysis, using principal component analysis with direct oblimin rotation, extracted four factors that differed from the original study. These four factors explained 52.50% of the cumulative percentage of variance. The Cronbach's alphas ranged from .74 to .81 for the obtained factors. Test–retest reliability was established using the intraclass correlation coefficient value of .78. Criterion validity was supported using the significant differences in the mean score for total barriers among educational level, driving distance, travel time to the hospital, and cardiac rehabilitation attendance. Conclusions/ Implications for Practice: This study found the Malay-version CRBS to be a valid and reliable instrument. It may be used with inpatients to identify barriers to participation in cardiac rehabilitation to promote rehabilitation attendance and improve patient care. KEY WORDS: translation, adaptation, psychometric testing, Cardiac Rehabilitation Barrier Scale, Malay

The Student Movement Volume 108 Issue 6: Tayloring the Future: Andrews Inaugurates New President

HUMANS Filipino Pride and the Bayanihan Spirit, Savannah Tyler Intangible Impressions of Spiritual Life at Andrews, Savannah Tyler Meet the Majors: Part 2, Reagan McCain From Underdog to gRad-dog: A graduate student\u27s perspective on the transition from undergraduate to graduate school, Anna Rybachek ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT A New Chapter in Seasons, Nailea Soto A Report on the Eras Tour Movie, Nate Miller Gilmore Girls: The Downfall of College Rory, Audrey Lim How to Enter Music Circles on Campus, Reagan McCain NEWS Armenia - Azerbaijan Conflict, Katie Davis The Inauguration, Kiheon Chung Noche Latina: A Night to Celebrate Hispanic Heritage, Melissa Moore Understanding Tomorrow Today: The Fall 2023 Kingman Lecture, Jonathan Clough IDEAS My Struggle with Secular Music, Kiheon Chung No News Is Good News - But Here\u27s Some Good News!, Reagan Westerman Pakistan\u27s First Miss Universe Winner, Katie Davis PULSE American Melodies in Harmony with the AUSO, Aiko J. Ayala Rios Celebrating Filipino American History Month, Brooklyn Anderson Why We Can\u27t Seem to Get Enough Sleep, Alyssa Caruthers LAST WORD Do it For The Plot, Lily Burkehttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-108/1005/thumbnail.jp