Body-map storytelling as a health research methodology: blurred lines creating clear pictures

In diesem Artikel sichten wir die vorliegende Literatur zur Nutzung von Body-Maps (BM) in den Gesundheitswissenschaften, um zum einen den aktuellen Wissensstand zu systematisieren und zum anderen zu dessen Weiterentwicklung beizutragen. Unsere kritische Recherche wurde durch zwei Fragen geleitet: 1. Wie sind BM in den Gesundheitswissenschaften eingesetzt worden? 2. In welcher Weise können BM zu einer antikolonialen Agenda verhelfen? Insgesamt wurden 27 englische, spanische und portugiesische Studien in die Untersuchung einbezogen. Die meisten wurden zwischen 2011 und 2016 veröffentlicht und waren in Südafrika, Kanada, Australien, Brasilien, Chile und den USA durchgeführt worden. Thematisch geht es zumeist um marginalisierte Gruppen und soziale Determinanten von Gesundheit, wobei Methoden der Datenerhebung und -analyse erheblich variieren. Auch werden BM unter teilweise unterschiedlichen Bezeichnungen und in verschiedener Weise zunehmend im Rahmen visueller, narrativer und partizipativer Methodologien eingesetzt. Doch trotz dieser Diversität sind einige Kernelemente erkennbar, dass nämlich Forschungspartner/innen als vernunftfähige und reflexive Individuen erachtet werden, die bei der Artikulation ihrer teilweise sehr komplexen Lebensgeschichten durch das Zeichnen (z.B. ihrer Körper und sozialen Umstände) unterstützt werden können. Eine Dekolonialisierung der Gesundheitswissenschaften finden dann statt, wenn auf diesem Weg Gegennarrative zu exklusiven kapitalistischen, patriarchalen und kolonialistischen Rationalitäten entstehen, eine Methodologie, die wir als "Body-Map-Erzählung" bezeichnen.In this article we review the literature on body-mapping (BM) as an approach to health research in order to systematize recent advancements and to contribute to its development. We conducted a critical narrative synthesis of the literature published until September 2016 guided by two questions: 1. How has BM been utilized in health research? 2. How does BM advance a decolonization agenda? Twenty-seven studies in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were analyzed. Most of them were published between 2011 and 2016 and were conducted in South Africa, Canada, Australia, Brazil, Chile, and USA. They narrate stories of marginalized groups and commonly focus on the social determinants of health. Data generation, analysis, and knowledge mobilization strategies differ considerably. Recent developments show that body-mapping is a visual, narrative, and participatory methodology that has several names and is used unevenly by health researchers. Despite its diversity, core methodological elements reveal that participants are considered knowledgeable, reflexive individuals who can better articulate their complex life journeys when painting and drawing their bodies and social circumstances. The decolonization of health research occurs when these unlikely protagonists tell their stories producing counter-hegemonic discourses to exclusionary capitalist, patriarchal and colonialist rationalities. We call this methodology body-map storytelling

The Brazilian-Portuguese MCMI-III: Diagnostic Validity of the Alcohol Dependence and Drug Dependence Scales

The Brazilian-Portuguese Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (BP-MCMI-III) is a newly developed translation of the original MCMI-III and requires validation before it can be used in cross-cultural research and clinical settings. This study was the first validation study with the BP-MCMI-III and examined the validity of its Alcohol Dependence and Drug Dependence scales for identifying substance-related disorders in a Brazilian sample. The diagnostic validity of these scales was examined by comparing participants\u27 scores on the BP-MCMI-III against group status (controls versus patients receiving substance abuse treatment) and against clinical diagnoses made based on a DSM-IV-TR symptom checklist. In addition, diagnostic validity statistics were also computed for both scales. The construct validity of the Alcohol Dependence scale was examined by comparing the subjects\u27 scores with their performance on a Brazilian version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). The total sample used in this study consisted of 126 Brazilians residing in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Of the total sample, 75 were inpatients at treatment facilities for substance abuse and 51 were not receiving treatment for alcohol- or drug-related problems at the time of testing. The results of this study supported the validity of the BP-MCMI-III for diagnosing substance-related disorders among Brazilians

Concept Mapping and the CO-OP Approach with Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Exploring Participant Experiences

Background: To explore the experiences of adolescents with ASD participating in a novel occupationally based intervention. Methods: The intervention used concept mapping in combination with the CO-OP approach with 10 adolescents with ASD in a 4-week program focused on developing life skills they deemed as important in their transition to adulthood. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using deductive thematic analysis informed by Self-Determination Theory and occupationally relevant theoretical frameworks. This study is part of a larger feasibility project and focuses on the analysis of participant reflections and researcher field notes. Results: Five themes emerged: finding a sense of balance through negotiating tensions; a sense of “we” and a sense of “I”; selecting purposeful, meaningful, and authentic occupations; multimodal tools; and action through participating in doing. Conclusion: This study highlights valuable participant insights into their involvement in a novel occupationally based intervention that will inform the program’s on-going development and implementation

Immigrant women’s occupational struggles during the socioeconomic crisis in Spain: Broadening occupational justice conceptualization

[Abstract] Occupational scientists claim that further development of the concept of occupational justice is needed to enact the discipline’s commitment to social transformation. We argue that immigrant women’s experiences of occupations in Spain can contribute to this dialogue. Although research on occupations after migration has expanded internationally, limited studies have adopted a critical stance towards health and occupation simultaneously. Thus, we propose that advancing understanding of immigrant women’s experiences of daily participation in occupations and identifying health/well-being mediators to generate actions to promote health from a critical perspective might advance the conceptualization of occupational justice. A participatory health research study informed by Epistemologies of the South was undertaken with six women from Latin America. Data were generated through group discussion, interviews, diaries and Metaplan. A critical narrative analysis and a participatory thematic analysis were performed. Immigrant women's daily life in Spain (shared trajectories and experiences, occupational struggles, and health and well-being mediators and consequences) and an Agenda for change set by the participants (Daily challenges to overcome and possible formula to improve daily living) are reported. Findings are aligned with previous research revealing similar threats to occupational rights, impact on health and the strategies used to navigate both. New insights from the findings expand occupational justice conceptualization, portraying how structural elements such as class, gender and ethnicity shape occupational opportunities which create daily injustices negotiated through occupations, namely occupational struggles. These occupational struggles impact both negatively and positively on well-being. A specific action agenda towards occupational justice is recommended by the participants

The development of occupational science outside the anglophone sphere: enacting global collaboration

También publicado en español.[Abstract] The emergence of occupational science in non-English speaking countries is frequently hampered by diverse barriers to global collaboration, knowledge dissemination, and inclusion in international dialogue. Epistemological, cultural, and institutional resources may explain these barriers, yet these have not been explored within the discipline. This paper discusses three main issues and three priorities for action put forward by participants during sessions held at two separate, international occupational science conferences. The sessions aimed to engage the audience in critical reflexivity and dialogue around the challenges present when non-English speaking countries attempt to develop occupational science scholarship and possible ways to support global collaboration. To stimulate discussion, we used a participatory methodology, ‘Metaplan’. The sessions included a statements exercise, reflections presented by the authors, individual reflexivity, and small group debate. The findings are structured as a reflexive dialogue where participants’ voices, theory, and the authors’ reflections are interwoven to enrich discussion of the issues participants identified and priorities for action. This paper contributes to decolonizing the development of occupational science and promoting an international dialogue that is open to diverse worldviews, by drawing attention to the visible and invisible barriers that limit collaboration and inclusion of the diverse ways in which occupation is understood and enacted worldwid

Contribuciones del Metaplan en Investigación Cualitativa Crítica en Ciencias de la Salud: un camino hacia la acción dialógica

[Resumen] En esta comunicación se presenta el Metaplan como herramienta de investigación cualitativa con gran potencial en la Investigación Cualitativa Crítica en Ciencias de la Salud. Para ello se describe su empleo en una reciente investigacióncon mujeres inmigrantes en situación de vulnerabilidad en España, así como la armazón teórica y metodológica que justifica su uso.Se analiza su uso en referencia al concepto acción dialógica señalando cómo esta técnica puede ser catalizadora de esta aproximación, contribuyendo a la construcción de la justicia cognitiva. Finalmente se concluye que el Metaplan permite la producción de información rica y contextual ilustrando de forma concreta aspectos micro, meso y macro de la salud y el bienestar, coherentemente con el entendimiento crítico de la salud propuesto por la Organización Mundial de la Salud.[Abstract] In this paper, Metaplan is presented as a qualitative research tool with great potential in Critical Qualitative Health Research. As an example, Metaplan is describedin a recent investigation with immigrant women experiencing situations of vulnerability in Spain. The study's theoretical and methodological framework that justifies its utilization is also approached. Metaplan application is analyzed in reference to dialogical action, showing how this technique can be catalytic, enablingcognitive justice. Finally, Metaplan allows co-constructionof rich and contextual information illustrating specific examples of how micro, meso and macro aspects of health and well-beingare interrelated, coherently with the critical understanding of health proposed by the World Health Organization

Antioxidant Activity and Flavonoids Identification by LC-MS/MS Analysis in Leaf Extract from Trattinnickia rhoifolia Willd

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities in the oxidative stress model induced by paracetamol in male Swiss mice, to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic action and to identify flavonoids in the leaves ethanolic extract from Trattinnickia rhoifolia. By the LC-MS / MS method, eight flavonoids were identified in the hydromethanolic (HM) and ethyl acetate (EA) fractions, except for Amentoflavone, the flavonoids Apigenin, Canferol, Luteolin, Quercetin, Quercetin-3-β-d-glucoside, Rutin and Taxifoline were identified for the first time in this species. These fractions were evaluated for antioxidant capacity (DPPH test) and their protective effect in vivo through the analysis of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-s-transferase, non-protein thiols, ascorbic acid, TBARS and carbonylated proteins. The data showed that EA has antioxidant capacity and superior oxidative stress repair in chemical and biological analyzes, besides hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic action. Thus, the present work contributes significantly to the literature, since it is the first study that identifies the chemical constituents and pharmacological properties of leaves extract from T. rhoifolia.Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar as atividades antioxidante e hepatoprotetora no modelo de estresse oxidativo induzido por paracetamol em camundongos Swiss machos,avaliar a ação hipoglicemiante e hipolipidêmica e identificar flavonoides no extrato etanólico de folhas da Trattinnickia rhoifolia. Pelo método de LC-MS/MS foram identificados oito flavonoides nas frações hidrometanólica (HM) e acetato de etila (EA), com exceção da Amentoflavona, os flavonoides Apigenina, Canferol, Luteolina, Quercetina, Quercetina-3-β-d-glicosídeo, Rutina e Taxifolina, foram identificados pela primeira vez na espécie. Estas frações foram avaliadas quanto à capacidade antioxidante (teste de DPPH) e seu efeito protetor in vivo através das análises de superóxido dismutase, catalase, glutationa-s-transferase, tiois não-proteicos, ácido ascórbico, TBARS e proteínas carboniladas. Os dados mostraram que EA possui capacidade antioxidante e reparo do estresse oxidativo superior nas análises químicas e biológicas, além de ação hipoglicemiante e hipolipidêmica. Assim, o presente trabalho contribui significativamente para a literatura, uma vez que é o primeiro estudo que identifica os constituintes químicos e propriedades farmacológicas do extrato de folhas de T. rhoifolia

El desarrollo de la ciencia ocupacional fuera del ámbito anglófono: promoviendo la colaboración global

[Resumen] El desarrollo de la ciencia ocupacional en países no anglófonos enfrenta constantes barreras que impactan su participación en instancias de colaboración global, en la difusión del conocimiento y en el diálogo a nivel internacional. Algunos de estos obstáculos se deben a motivos epistemológicos, culturales e incluso institucionales y aún no han sido estudiados en el interior de la propia disciplina. Este artículo discute tres problemas principales y tres líneas de acción prioritarias que fueron planteadas por los participantes de dos sesiones llevadas a cabo en dos conferencias internacionales sobre la ciencia ocupacional. Las sesiones tenían por objetivo involucrar a la audiencia en el diálogo y la reflexión crítica en torno a los desafíos que se presentan cuando países no anglófonos intentan desarrollar estudios en ciencia ocupacional y posibles maneras de apoyar la colaboración global. Para estimular el debate, usamos una metodología participativa denominada ‘Metaplan’. La sesión incluyó un ejercicio de declaraciones, el planteamiento de reflexiones por parte de las autoras, reflexiones individuales y un breve debate grupal. Los resultados se estructuran en forma de diálogo reflexivo que vincula las opiniones de los participantes con la teoría y las reflexiones de las autoras para enriquecer la discusión de los temas y las líneas de acción prioritarias identificadas por los participantes. En ese contexto, este artículo se plantea como una contribución a la descolonización del desarrollo de la ciencia ocupacional y la promoción de un diálogo internacional abierto a distintas formas de concebir el mundo, y llama la atención sobre los obstáculos visibles e invisibles que limitan la colaboración y la incorporación de las diversas formas de comprender y representar la ocupación a nivel global

GESTÃO DE TALENTOS E O BOM PROFESSOR PARA ALUNOS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE DE CLUSTERS

Esse artigo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar quais são os talentos dentre professores de cursos de pós-graduação lato sensu da área de Administração a partir dos tipos de bons sob a ótica de seus alunos. Buscou-se comprovar a tese de que não existe um tipo universal de bom professor, mas tipos diferentes entre si. As pesquisas sobre o bom professor em geral se limitam a apontar suas características. A síntese da revisão da literatura consolidou um modelo que considera, por parte do professor, três dimensões: formação, didática e personalidade. Por parte do aluno, foram consideradas as seguintes dimensões: características pessoais, nível socioeconômico, disponibilidade para estudo e características relacionadas ao curso. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, de caráter descritivo e quantitativo, com a aplicação de um questionário a 188 alunos de três cursos de pós-graduação lato sensu da área de Administração. Foi pedido a eles que nomeassem o melhor professor que tiveram ao longo do curso e que respondessem o questionário tendo esse professor como referência. A pesquisa quantitativa realizou a análise de clusters, com características dos alunos e dos bons professores, e revelou cinco tipos de bons professores: Relacional, Tradicional, Acadêmico Relacional, Acadêmico Relacional de Mercado e Artista. A pesquisa quantitativa corroborou a tese de que não há um tipo universal de bom professor e sua principal contribuição para a literatura é apresentar os cinco tipos encontrados. Isso significa que elencar as características de bons professores só faz sentido quando se sabe de que tipo de professor se está falando