361 research outputs found
Advanced Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Improved Communications
Reestablishing communication channels is one of the most important yet time-consuming procedures to carry out following a natural disaster. After Hurricane Katrina impacted Louisiana in 2005, more than 60% of networks were still down 3 weeks after the event.1 In 2017, when Hurricane Mara devastated Puerto Rico, 95% of cellular sites failed island-wide, leaving many civilians disconnected for months.2 One viable approach to this challenge is increasing the capabilities of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, which could provide sustained communication outlets in hard-to-access areas while emergency response efforts are underway
A single case study of a family-centred intervention with a young girl with cerebral palsy who is a multimodal communicator
Background - This paper describes the impact of a family-centred intervention that used video to enhance communication in a young girl with cerebral palsy. This single case study describes how the video-based intervention worked in the context of multimodal communication, which included high-tech augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device use. This paper includes the family's perspective of the video intervention and they describe the impact of it on their family.
Methods - This single case study was based on the premise that the video interaction guidance intervention would increase attentiveness between participants during communication. It tests a hypothesis that eye gaze is a fundamental prerequisite for all communicative initiatives, regardless of modality in the child. Multimodality is described as the range of communicative behaviours used by the child and these are coded as AAC communication, vocalizations (intelligible and unintelligible), sign communication, nodding and pointing. Change was analysed over time with multiple testing both pre and post intervention. Data were analysed within INTERACT, a computer software to analyse behaviourally observed data. Behaviours were analysed for frequency and duration, contingency and co-occurrence.
Results - Results indicated increased duration of mother's and girl's eye gaze, increased frequency and duration in AAC communication by the girl and significant change in frequency [Ï2 (5, n = 1) = 13.25, P < 0.05] and duration [Ï2 (5, n = 1) = 12.57, P < 0.05] of the girl's multimodal communicative behaviours. Contingency and co-occurrence analysis indicated that mother's eye gaze followed by AAC communication was the most prominent change between the pre- and post-intervention assessments.
Conclusions - There was a trend for increased eye gaze in both mum and girl and AAC communication in the girl following the video intervention. The family's perspective concurs with the results
CubeSat Measures World's First Ice Cloud Map to Support Climate Research
Virginia Diodes, Inc. received NASA SBIR Awards to fund research and development for a lesser developed region of the electromagnetic spectrumterahertz waves. Their work led to funding from NASA ESTO, and the resulting CubeSat (named IceCube) captured the worlds first ice cloud map, which will contribute to our understanding of Earths climat
Rigor and accessibility: Attitudes towards syntax pedagogy in higher education
We report on early stages of a large study on syntax pedagogy, and particularly
on perceptions of âgatekeepingâ. We present the results of a pilot study to
explore this theme and others that arose, such as inequality and discrimination in
the classroom, as well as the results of an ongoing program survey. Together, these
results show that there are widespread experiences of bias in syntax classrooms, that
syntax occupies a privileged space within linguistics, and that syntax is perceived
to be a particularly difficult subject which some people have an innate talent for and
others do not. The findings, especially in the context of current work on social justice
in linguistics, have serious implications for inclusivity in the field and on how we as
syntax educators can make changes for the benefit of future syntax scholars
Cocaine abstinence induces emotional impairment and brain region-specific upregulation of the oxytocin receptor binding.
The key problem in treating cocaine addiction is the maintenance of a drug-free state since negative emotional symptoms during abstinence often trigger relapse. The mechanisms underpinning the emotional dysregulation during abstinence are currently not well-understood. There is evidence suggesting a role of the neuropeptide oxytocin in the modulation of drug addiction processes. However, its involvement during long-term abstinence from cocaine use remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to behaviourally characterize a mouse model of long-term cocaine withdrawal and assess the effect of chronic cocaine administration and long-term cocaine abstinence on the central oxytocinergic system and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal-axis. Fourteen-day escalating-dose cocaine administration (3 x 15-30 mg/kg/day) and 14-day withdrawal increased plasma corticosterone levels and oxytocin receptor (OTR) binding in piriform cortex, lateral septum and amygdala. A specific cocaine withdrawal-induced increase in OTR binding was observed in the medial septum. These biochemical alterations occurred concomitantly with the emergence of memory impairment, contextual psychomotor sensitization and an anhedonic and anxiogenic phenotype during withdrawal. Our study established a clear relationship between cocaine abstinence and emotional impairment in a novel translationally-relevant model of cocaine withdrawal and demonstrated for the first time brain region-specific neuroadaptations of the oxytocin system, which may contribute to abstinence-induced negative emotional state. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Learning from contract change in primary care dentistry: a qualitative study of stakeholders in the north of England
The aim of this research was to explore and synthesise learning from stakeholders (NHS dentists, commissioners and patients) approximately five years on from the introduction of a new NHS dental contract in England. The case study involved a purposive sample of stakeholders associated with a former NHS Primary Care Trust (PCT) in the north of England. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 commissioners of NHS dental services and 5 NHS general dental practitioners. Three focus group meetings were held with 14 NHS dental patients. All focus groups and interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analysed using a framework approach. Four themes were identified: âcommissionersâ views of managing local NHS dental servicesâ; âthe risks of commissioning for patient accessâ; âcosts, contract currency and commissioning constraintsâ; and âlocal decision-making and future prioritiesâ. Commissioners reported that much of their time was spent managing existing contracts rather than commissioning services. Patients were unclear about the NHS dental charge bands and dentists strongly criticised the contract's target-driven approach which was centred upon them generating âunits of dental activityâ. NHS commissioners remained relatively constrained in their abilities to reallocate dental resources amongst contracts. The national focus upon practitioners achieving their units of dental activity appeared to outweigh interest in the quality of dental care provided
TalkingBoogie: Collaborative Mobile AAC System for Non-verbal Children with Developmental Disabilities and Their Caregivers
Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) technologies are widely used to help non-verbal children enable communication. For AAC-aided communication to be successful, caregivers should support children with consistent intervention strategies in various settings. As such, caregivers need to continuously observe and discuss children's AAC usage to create a shared understanding of these strategies. However, caregivers often find it challenging to effectively collaborate with one another due to a lack of family involvement and the unstructured process of collaboration. To address these issues, we present TalkingBoogie, which consists of two mobile apps: TalkingBoogie-AAC for caregiver-child communication, and TalkingBoogie-coach supporting caregiver collaboration. Working together, these applications provide contextualized layouts for symbol arrangement, scaffold the process of sharing and discussing observations, and induce caregivers' balanced participation. A two-week deployment study with four groups (N=11) found that TalkingBoogie helped increase mutual understanding of strategies and encourage balanced participation between caregivers with reduced cognitive loads.SNU Undergraduate Research Program through the Faculty of Liberal Education, Seoul National University (2019-23)
National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2019S1A5A2A01045980
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