Estudio de las desaturasas de ácidos grasos FADS 1 y FADS 2 en macrófagos

La inflamación es una respuesta inmune del organismo a la lesión o infección del tejido mediante el reclutamiento de células inmunes reguladoras (1). Unas de las moléculas que participan en la respuesta inmune son los receptores tipo Toll (TLR), que reconocen estructuras microbianas conservadas e inducen la activación de macrófagos, así incrementan su patogenicidad y citotoxicidad, y llevan a la producción de moléculas inflamatorias (2). Algunos agonistas de estos receptores TLR son el zimosán, un homogeneizado derivado de las paredes celulares de levadura, y el ácido lipoteicoico (LTA), componente de la pared de las bacterias gram (+), para TLR2 (3, 4) y el lipopolisacárido bacteriano (LPS), un componente principal de la pared celular de bacterias gram (-), para TLR4 (5) (Figura 1). La señalización de TLR se induce por el reclutamiento selectivo de proteínas adaptadoras intracelulares que contienen el dominio receptor Toll/IL-1 (TIR) en el dominio TIR citoplásmico del TLR. Estas proteínas adaptadoras incluyen el factor de diferenciación mieloide 88 (MyD88) (excepto en el caso de TLR3), la proteína adaptadora que contiene el dominio TIR (TIRAP), el adaptador TIR que contiene un dominio que induce IFN-β (TRIF) y la molécula adaptadora relacionada con TRIF (TRAM) (4). Además de los patógenos, ciertos ácidos grasos saturados también son capaces de desarrollar la llamada inflamación estéril por su capacidad de activación de TLR2 y TLR4 (6, 7). Por el contrario, ácidos grasos poliinsaturados como el ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) disminuyen la activación (6).Máster en Investigación Biomédic

Nonlinear Cascade-Based Control for a Twin Rotor MIMO System

This research is focused on the development of a nonlinear cascade-based control algorithm for a laboratory helicopter-denominated Twin Rotor MIMO System (TRMS). The TRMS is an underactuated nonlinear multivariable system, characterised by a coupling effect between the dynamics of the propellers and the body structure, which is caused by the action-reaction principle originated in the acceleration and deceleration of the propeller groups. Firstly, this work introduces an extensive description of the platform’s dynamics, which was carried out by splitting the system into its electrical and mechanical parts. Secondly, we present a design of a nonlinear cascade-based control algorithm that locally guarantees an asymptotically and exponentially stable behaviour of the controlled generalised coordinates of the TRMS. Lastly, a demonstration of the effectiveness of the proposed approach is provided by means of numerical simulations performed under the MATLAB®/Simulink® environment

Generalized Proportional Integral Control for an Unmanned Quadrotor System

In this article, a generalized proportional integral (GPI) control approach is presented for regulation and trajectory tracking problems in a nonlinear, multivariable quadrotor system model. In the feedback control law, no asymptotic observers or time discretizations are needed in the feedback loop. The GPI controller guarantees the asymptotically and exponentially stable behaviour of the controlled quadrotor position and orientation, as well as the possibilities of carrying out trajectory tracking tasks. The simulation results presented in the paper show that the proposed method exhibits very good stabilization and tracking performance in the presence of atmospheric disturbances and noise measurements

An overview of the scientific production on the application of AI in public transport.

This research aims to provide an overview of the scientific production on the application of AI in public transport, its thematic evolution, and emerging research niches and trends, to serve as a reference for future work by researchers and practitioners. To this end, a bibliometric analysis of all scientific production in the two major international databases, Web of Science and Scopus, was carried out. The present analysis comprises the most extensive study on the application of AI in public transport. The results show that AI applications are more prevalent in private vehicles than in public transport. Hence, future work has major challenges to address in order to delve into thematic niches within each transportation system.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Estudio del concreto de alta resistencia con el uso de cenizas de materiales orgánicos y polímeros

El concreto de alta resistencia es uno de los avances más destacados en la industria de la construcción debido a sus múltiples ventajas, sin embargo, también presenta características desfavorables como la fragilidad. Se evaluó el efecto combinado de la adición de caucho y cenizas procedentes de materiales orgánicos al concreto de alta resistencia con el objetivo de mejorar sus propiedades, principalmente la resistencia a compresión y la ductilidad. Estudios previos demuestran que las cenizas de materiales orgánicos contribuyen a aumentar la resistencia a compresión, mientras que el caucho reduce la fragilidad del concreto de alta resistencia. La proporción de cenizas estuvo basada en el peso del cemento, mientras que la dosificación de caucho se hizo con base en el peso total de la mezcla de concreto. La investigación se desarrolló en dos fases; durante la primera de ellas se realizaron pruebas de resistencia a compresión de cilindros de concreto para dos proporciones de ceniza de cáscara de huevo (1.5% y 2.0%), dos proporciones de ceniza de cascarilla de arroz (1.5% y 2.0%), además de la mezcla base para determinar el porcentaje óptimo de ceniza. En la segunda fase, se ensayaron especímenes cilíndricos para determinar la resistencia a compresión, y viguetas para determinar la capacidad de carga a flexión y deformación, para cinco mezclas de concreto con la adición del porcentaje óptimo de ceniza determinado en la fase anterior y la adición de caucho molido en proporciones de 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% y 2.0%

Alimentos con efecto anti-inflamatorio

El Perú, es considerado como uno de los 12 países del mundo de gran diversidad biológica en plantas y animales, constituyéndose en uno de los centros mundiales de la agricultura y ganadería. Según el Ministerio de Agricultura, la inmensa flora está compuesta por más de 25 000 especies, que equivalen al 10% del total mundial, de las cuales más de 4 000 son plantas alimenticias y medicinales. La alimentación funcional, permite incorporar al organismo alimentos con propiedades no solo nutricionales, sino también quimiopreventivas. Actualmente y con el avance del conocimiento es posible la ingesta de fitoquímicos, capaces de reducir el riesgo de desarrollar diversas condiciones patológicas, entre ellas las enfermedades de base inflamatoria; siendo éste un factor de riesgo que puede modificarse con la ingesta de alimentos modulatorios del proceso. La presente revisión se basa en la búsqueda de evidencias asociadas a los principios activos con efecto antiinflamatorio encontrado en los alimentos de uso habitual

Disconnecting the Golgi ribbon from the centrosome prevents directional cell migration and ciliogenesis

AKAP450 is a critical determinant of Golgi ribbon integrity, positioning, and function

Virtual reality simulation of a quadrotor to monitor dependent people at home

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) represent an assistance solution for home care of dependent persons. These aircraft can cover the home, accompany the person, and position themselves to take photographs that can be analyzed to determine the person's mood and the assistance needed. In this context, this work principally aims to design a tool to aid in the development and validation of the navigation algorithms of an autonomous vision-based UAV for monitoring dependent people. For that, a distributed architecture has been proposed based on the real-time communication of two modules, one of them in charge of the dynamics of the UAV, the trajectory planning and the control algorithms, and the other devoted to visualizing the simulation in an immersive virtual environment. Thus, a system has been developed that allows the evaluation of the behavior of the assistant UAV from a technological point of view, as well as to carry out studies from the assisted person's viewpoint. An initial validation of a quadrotor model monitoring a virtual character demonstrates the advantages of the proposed system, which is an effective, safe and adaptable tool for the development of vision-based UAVs to help dependents at home.This work was partially supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Agencia Estatal de Investigación/European Regional Development Fund under PID2019106084RB-I00 and DPI2016-80894-R grants, and by CIBERSAM of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Supplementation of arachidonic acid rich oil in European sea bass juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) diets: Effects on growth performance, tissue fatty acid profile and lipid metabolism

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) levels (from 1 up to 6 % of total fatty acids) on European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles growth performance, tissue fatty acid profile, liver morphology as well as long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis, triglyceride and cholesterol synthesis and lipid transport. A diet with total fish oil (FO) replacement and defatted fish meal (FM) containing a 0.1 g ARA g-1 diet was added to the experimental design as a negative control diet. Dietary ARA inclusion levels below 0.2 g ARA g-1 diet significantly worsened growth even only 30 days after the start of the feeding trial, whereas dietary ARA had no effect on fish survival. Liver, muscle and whole body fatty acid profile mainly reflected dietary contents and ARA content increased accordingly with ARA dietary levels. Tissue eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were positively correlated among them. Hepatic lipid vacuolization increased with reduced dietary ARA levels. Expressions of fatty acyl desaturase 2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme genes were up-regulated in fish fed the negative control diet compared to the rest of the dietary treatments denoting the influence of ARA on lipid metabolism. Results obtained highlight the need to include adequate n-6 levels and not only n-3 LC-PUFA levels in European sea bass diets. Keywords: Dicentrarchus labrax, arachidonic acid, growth performance, tissue fatty acid profile, lipid metabolis

Biomarkers in ocular chronic graft versus host disease: tear cytokine- and chemokine-based predictive model.

Producción CientíficaPurpose: To develop a tear molecule level-based predictive model based on a panel of tear cytokines and their correlation with clinical features in ocular chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD). Methods: Twenty-two ocular cGVHD patients and 21 healthy subjects were evaluated in a controlled environmental research laboratory (CERLab). Clinical parameters were recorded, and tears were collected. Levels of 15 molecules (epidermal growth factor [EGF], IL receptor antagonist [IL-1Ra], IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8/CXCL8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, interferon inducible protein [IP]-10/CXCL10, IFN-γ, VEGF, TNF-α, eotaxin 1, and regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted [RANTES]) were measured by multiplex-bead assay and correlated with clinical parameters. Logistic regression was used to develop a predictive model. Leave-one-out cross-validation was applied. Classification capacity was evaluated in a cohort of individuals with dry eye (DE) of other etiologies different from GVHD. Results: Epidermal growth factor and IP-10/CXCL10 levels were significantly decreased in ocular cGVHD, positively correlating with tear production and stability and negatively correlating with symptoms, hyperemia, and vital staining. Interleukin-1Ra, IL-8/CXCL8, and IL-10 were significantly increased in ocular cGVHD, and the first two correlated positively with symptoms, hyperemia, and ocular surface integrity while negatively correlating with tear production and stability. Predictive models were generated, and the best panel was based on IL-8/CXCL8 and IP-10/CXCL10 tear levels along with age and sex, with an area under the receiving operating curve of 0.9004, sensitivity of 86.36%, and specificity of 95.24%. Conclusions: A predictive model based on tear levels of IL-8/CXCL8 and IP-10/CXCL10 resulted in optimal sensitivity and specificity. These results add further knowledge to the search for potential biomarkers in this devastating ocular inflammatory disease.Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain, SAF-2010 15631 (AES)