Catalogue of the Library of Parliament.

Printed by order of Parliament.Preliminary matter in English and French.Added t.p. in French: Catalogue de la Bibliothèque du Parlement.At head of title: Canada.[v.2]. Works relating to America. Pamphlets and manuscripts. Index to authors and subjects.Mode of access: Internet

Catalogue of the library of Parliament.

Index has special t.p., with title: Index to the catalogue of the Library of Parliament. Part I ... (Added t.p.: Index du catalogue de la bibliothèque du Parlement)Added t.p.: Catalogue de la bibliothèque du ParlementMode of access: Internet

Amateurs versus Professionals: Explaining the Political (in)Experience of Canadian Members of Parliament

© The Author(s) 2018. In contrast to many democracies that lament the rise of professional politicians, amateur' politicians have typically dominated federal politics in Canada. What explains this general lack of political experience among Canadian members of parliament (MPs)? This study tests three hypotheses on career development by analysing individual-level data on over 1000 MPs elected to the Canadian Parliament between 1993 and 2015. Conceptualising politics as a career path in its own right, it finds that at the key stages of establishing, maintaining and disengaging from a federal political career, there are specific challenges facing candidates and MPs in the Canadian context that are not significantly ameliorated by the possession of prior political experience. This leaves little incentive for individuals to work in the field of politics itself before standing for federal office.status: publishe

ICES meets marine historical ecology: placing the history of fish and fisheries in current policy context

As a discipline, marine historical ecology (MHE) has contributed significantly to our understanding of the past state of the marine environment when levels of human impact were often very different from those today. What is less widely known is that insights from MHE have made headway into being applied within the context of present-day and long-term management and policy. This study draws attention to the applied value of MHE. We demonstrate that a broad knowledge base exists with potential for management application and advice, including the development of baselines and reference levels. Using a number of case studies from around the world, we showcase the value of historical ecology in understanding change and emphasize how it either has already informed management or has the potential to do so soon. We discuss these case studies in a context of the science–policy interface around six themes that are frequently targeted by current marine and maritime policies: climate change, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem structure, habitat integrity, food security, and human governance. We encourage science–policy bodies to actively engage with contributions from MHE, as well-informed policy decisions need to be framed within the context of historical reference points and past resource or ecosystem changes