Online Mediated Political Communication among Venezuelans Abroad

This research analyses how Venezuelans abroad engaged in political communication through Facebook during the presidential elections of October 2012. This question is anchor in three different contexts: political and social polarization, increment of Venezuelan immigration and the use of new media as a field of interaction. The study first looks at the theoretical ground that provides a platform for the research, then explains the theoretical concept of public sphere, participation, community and social movements under the notion of the network society. Furthermore, some contextual background of Venezuela is presented in order to frame the origins of the political and social polarization in the country. This research combines quantitative and qualitative research methods in order to analyse textual and visual data generated during the Venezuelan presidential election in the Facebook group 'Venezuelans abroad'. The large number of data collected offered a suitable material to outline topics of discussion, supporting material and sources of information through the quantitative approach. Meanwhile, the qualitative approach uses netnography design in order to make sense of the data collected in terms of political engagement. The study collected the data from a period of three days, consisting of the day before the presidential election, the day of election and the day after the election. The result of the analysis suggests that Venezuelans abroad used Facebook as a platform for campaigning the two main presidential candidates Hugo Chávez Frías and Henrique Capriles bypassing the rules of the electoral council. Due to the structural nature of communication in the new media, Venezuelans abroad could select their reliable sources of information and supporting material to generate their own content. Moreover, the close reading of the data suggests that Venezuelans abroad used Facebook to express their ideas, political interest and demands towards what they considered to be good or bad for the health of democracy, hence, Facebook represented the virtual space in which Venezuelans abroad reunited to produce their content, to debate, confront, affiliate and support other members of the group

The rock glaciers of the Aconquija range, Argentina

Se presenta el inventario de glaciares cubiertos y glaciares de escombros en la sierra de Aconquija, Argentina. Su distribución, localización y dimensiones han sido determinadas en el ámbito de tres cuencas mayores y 15 subcuencas. Se reconocieron 246 glaciares de escombros intactos (superficie: 16,46 km2) y 16 glaciares cubiertos (superficie: 1,17 km2) cubriendo un total de 17,63 km2. La exposición preferencial de los frentes de glaciares de escombros intactos es marcadamente al Sur, en una fuer te dependencia con la radiación solar. La mayor cantidad (163) de glaciares de escombros intactos se localiza en la ladera oriental de la sierra. Los depósitos de permafrost, reservorios de agua dulce congelada, dominan la criósfera en la sierra de Aconquija: sus glaciares de escombros constituyen el 93,34% (16,46 km2) de la superficie total reconocida por este censo. La superficie restante, 6,66% (1,17 km2) es ocupada por glaciares cubiertos. El límite inferior de permafrost de montaña en la sierra de Aconquija es indicado por los glaciares de escombros intactos que ocurren en los 4000 ± 200 msnm. La temperatura media anual (2°C) a esta altura indicaría la presencia de un permafrost de tipo azonal.An inventory of rock glaciers in the Aconquija Range, Argentina, is presented here. 246 intact rock glaciers (area: 16.46 km2) and 16 debris-covered glaciers (area: 1.17 km2) have been recognized in three major basins and 15 sub-basins of the studied area, covering a total of 17.63 km2. Most of the intact rock glaciers are located on the eastern slope of the Aconquija Range. Their fronts are mainly exposed to the south, showing a strong dependence on solar radiation. The lower limit of mountain permafrost in the Aconquija Range is marked by the occurrence of intact rock glaciers at 4000 ± 200 meters above sea level. The average annual temperature (2°C) at this height would indicate permafrost of azonal type.Fil: Ahumada, Ana Lia. Fundación Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Páez, Silvia Verónica. Fundación Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Ibáñez Palacios, Gloria Patricia. Fundación Miguel Lillo; Argentin

Population structure of the boll weevil in cotton fields and subtropical forests of South America: a bayesian approach

The main goal of this contribution is to investigate the genetic structure of boll weevil populations from South America (Argentina and Brazil) and to make further comparisons with a putative source population from USA. Samples were collected in a Paranaense forest under reserve protection, cotton fields and non-cultivated areas. Data from anonymous molecular markers were analysed using both traditional methods of population genetics and Bayesian approaches. Results help to support a previous hypothesis on the presence of two lineages of boll weevil populations in South America: one with characteristics of recent invaders and the other with characteristics of ancient populations. The sample from Urugua-i Provincial Park (Misiones, Argentina) shows the highest percentage of polymorphic loci, the highest values of mean heterozigosity, and the largest number of population-specific alleles, all being typical features of ancient populations. Furthermore, the Urugua-i sample shows two gene pools occurring in sympatry, probably as a consequence of a secondary contact. The remaining samples reveal not only lower percentages of polymorphic loci and heterozygosity values, but also an almost negligible presence of specific alleles. Bayesian methods also suggest the occasional migration of some individuals of ancient lineages from their natural habitats in fragments of the Paranaense forest into cotton fields, and vice versa.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Permafrost creeping, inventory and verification in the upper basin of Bermejo river

Los glaciares de escombros son reservorios de agua dulce congelados en las altas montañas del mundo y son claves para la vida de la población local y sus economías. La presencia de glaciares de escombros es usada comúnmente como indicador directo de condiciones de permafrost de montaña. En las cabeceras de la alta cuenca del río Bermejo se han localizado glaciares de escombros, mediante técnicas de interpretación visual en distintos tipos de imágenes satelitales e identificación en terreno de las geoformas. Esta región de los Andes Áridos es particularmente vulnerable al calentamiento global: por la fragilidad de los ecosistemas y por la alta vulnerabilidad de la población. Este estudio tiene por objeto proveer observaciones preliminares de la distribución de los glaciares de escombros y de las geoformas periglaciales asociadas a nivel regional. Además, es un aporte al conocimiento de la hidrología de la región ya que se ha generado información de base para la adaptación a los procesos de cambio que sobrevendrán. Los resultados, también ponen en evidencia las ventajas de usar técnicas geomáticas en áreas de accesibilidad dificultosa, con reducción de costos y tiempo de trabajo.Rock glaciers are frozen water reservoirs in the mountain areas of the world. Water resources are important for the local habitants and economies. The presence of rock glaciers is commonly used as a direct indicator of mountain permafrost conditions. In the headwaters of the upper basin of Bermejo river rock glaciers have been located using visual interpretation techniques in different types of satellite imagery and field identification. Ecosystems and their population in the Dry Andes are particularly fragile to any change caused by global warming. This study aims to provide preliminary observations of rock glaciers and associated periglacial geoforms. This is a contribution to the knowledge of the hydrology of the region to generate baseline information for adapting to possible future changes. Results put in evidence the advantages of using geomatics tools in areas of difficult accessibility, with reduced costs and work time.Fil: Ahumada, Ana Lia. Fundación Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ibáñez Palacios, Gloria Patricia. Fundación Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Toledo, Mario A.. Fundación Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Carilla, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Páez, Silvia Verónica. Fundación Miguel Lillo; Argentin

Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and analysis of Linkage Disequilibrium in sunflower elite inbred lines using the candidate gene approach

Background. Association analysis is a powerful tool to identify gene loci that may contribute to phenotypic variation. This includes the estimation of nucleotide diversity, the assessment of linkage disequilibrium structure (LD) and the evaluation of selection processes. Trait mapping by allele association requires a high-density map, which could be obtained by the addition of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and short insertion and/or deletions (indels) to SSR and AFLP genetic maps. Nucleotide diversity analysis of randomly selected candidate regions is a promising approach for the success of association analysis and fine mapping in the sunflower genome. Moreover, knowledge of the distance over which LD persists, in agronomically meaningful sunflower accessions, is important to establish the density of markers and the experimental design for association analysis. Results. A set of 28 candidate genes related to biotic and abiotic stresses were studied in 19 sunflower inbred lines. A total of 14,348 bp of sequence alignment was analyzed per individual. In average, 1 SNP was found per 69 nucleotides and 38 indels were identified in the complete data set. The mean nucleotide polymorphism was moderate ( = 0.0056), as expected for inbred materials. The number of haplotypes per region ranged from 1 to 9 (mean = 3.54 1.88). Model-based population structure analysis allowed detection of admixed individuals within the set of accessions examined. Two putative gene pools were identified (G1 and G2), with a large proportion of the inbred lines being assigned to one of them (G1). Consistent with the absence of population sub-structuring, LD for G1 decayed more rapidly (r 2= 0.48 at 643 bp; trend line, pooled data) than the LD trend line for the entire set of 19 individuals (r2= 0.64 for the same distance). Conclusion. Knowledge about the patterns of diversity and the genetic relationships between breeding materials could be an invaluable aid in crop improvement strategies. The relatively high frequency of SNPs within the elite inbred lines studied here, along with the predicted extent of LD over distances of 100 kbp (r2∼0.1) suggest that high resolution association mapping in sunflower could be achieved with marker densities lower than those usually reported in the literature.Fil:Fusari, C.M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil:Lia, V.V. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil:Hopp, H.E. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil:Heinz, R.A. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

Sequelas pulmonares da tuberculose : comparação de coortes do Brasil, Itália e México

Objective: To evaluate lung function in a cohort of patients with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis in Brazil, as well as to evaluate the decline in lung function over time and compare it with that observed in similar cohorts in Mexico and Italy. Methods: The three cohorts were compared in terms of age, smoking status, pulmonary function test results, six-minute walk test results, and arterial blood gas results. In the Brazilian cohort, pulmonary function test results, six-minute walk test results, and arterial blood gas results right after the end of tuberculosis treatment were compared with those obtained at the end of the follow-up period. Results: The three cohorts were very different regarding pulmonary function test results. The most common ventilatory patterns in the Brazilian, Italian, and Mexican cohorts were an obstructive pattern, a mixed pattern, and a normal pattern (in 58 patients [50.9%], in 18 patients [41.9%], and in 26 patients [44.1%], respectively). Only 2 multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases were included in the Brazilian cohort, whereas, in the Mexican cohort, 27 cases were included (45.8%). Mean PaO2 and mean SaO2 were lower in the Mexican cohort than in the Brazilian cohort (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.002 for PaO2 and SaO2, respectively). In the Brazilian cohort, almost all functional parameters deteriorated over time. Conclusions: This study reinforces the importance of early and effective treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis patients, because multidrug-resistant tuberculosis increases lung damage. When patients complete their tuberculosis treatment, they should be evaluated as early as possible, and, if post-tuberculosis lung disease is diagnosed, they should be managed and offered pulmonary rehabilitation because there is evidence that it is effective in these patients.Objetivo: Avaliar a função pulmonar em uma coorte de pacientes com história de tuberculose pulmonar no Brasil, bem como avaliar o declínio da função pulmonar ao longo do tempo e compará-lo com o observado em coortes semelhantes no México e Itália. Métodos: As três coortes foram comparadas quanto à idade, tabagismo, testes de função pulmonar, teste de caminhada de seis minutos e gasometria arterial. Na coorte brasileira, os resultados dos testes de função pulmonar, do teste de caminhada de seis minutos e da gasometria arterial logo após o término do tratamento da tuberculose foram comparados com os obtidos no fim do período de acompanhamento. Resultados: As três coortes foram muito diferentes quanto aos resultados dos testes de função pulmonar. Os padrões ventilatórios mais comuns nas coortes brasileira, italiana e mexicana foram o padrão obstrutivo, o padrão misto e o padrão normal [em 58 pacientes (50,9%), em 18 pacientes (41,9%) e em 26 pacientes (44,1%), respectivamente]. Apenas 2 casos de tuberculose multirresistente foram incluídos na coorte brasileira, ao passo que na coorte mexicana foram incluídos 27 casos (45,8%). As médias da PaO2 e SaO2 foram mais baixas na coorte mexicana do que na brasileira (p < 0,0001 e p < 0,002 para PaO2 e SaO2 , respectivamente). Na coorte brasileira, quase todos os parâmetros funcionais se deterioraram ao longo do tempo. Conclusões: Este estudo reforça a importância do tratamento precoce e eficaz de pacientes com tuberculose sensível, pois a tuberculose multirresistente aumenta o dano pulmonar. Quando o tratamento da tuberculose é concluído, os pacientes devem ser avaliados o quanto antes e, caso se estabeleça o diagnóstico de sequelas pulmonares da tuberculose, é preciso tratá-los e oferecer-lhes reabilitação pulmonar, pois há evidências de que ela é eficaz nesses pacientes

Morphological and genetic diversity of maize landraces along an altitudinal gradient in the Southern Andes

Maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) is a major cereal crop worldwide and is traditionally or commercially cultivated almost all over the Americas. The northwestern region of Argentina (NWA) constitutes one of the main diversity hotspots of the Southern Andes, with contrasting landscapes and a large number of landraces. Despite the extensive collections performed by the “Banco Activo de Germoplasma INTA Pergamino, Argentina” (BAP), most of them have not been characterized yet. Here we report the morphological and molecular evaluation of 30 accessions collected from NWA, along an altitudinal gradient between 1120 and 2950 meters above sea level (masl). Assessment of morphological variation in a common garden allowed the discrimination of two groups, which differed mainly in endosperm type and overall plant size. Although the groups retrieved by the molecular analyses were not consistent with morphological clusters, they showed a clear pattern of altitudinal structuring. Affinities among accessions were not in accordance with racial assignments. Overall, our results revealed that there are two maize gene pools co-existing in NWA, probably resulting from various waves of maize introduction in pre-Columbian times as well as from the adoption of modern varieties by local farmers. In conclusion, the NWA maize landraces preserved at the BAP possess high morphological and molecular variability. Our results highlight their potential as a source of diversity for increasing the genetic basis of breeding programs and provide useful information to guide future sampling and conservation efforts.EEA PergaminoFil: Rivas, Juan Gabriel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INTA-CONICET). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); ArgentinaFil: Gutiérrez, Ángela V. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INTA-CONICET). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); ArgentinaFil: Defacio, Raquel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Recursos Genéticos; ArgentinaFil: Schimpf, Jorge. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Vicario, Ana L. Instituto Nacional de Semillas (INASE). Laboratorio de Marcadores Moleculares y Fitopatología; ArgentinaFil: Hopp, H. Esteban. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INTA-CONICET). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); ArgentinaFil: Hopp, H. Esteban. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Paniego, Norma Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INTA-CONICET). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); ArgentinaFil: Lia, Veronica V. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INTA-CONICET). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); ArgentinaFil: Lia, Veronica V. Esteban. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentin

Characterization and expression analysis of WRKY genes during leaf and corolla senescence of Petunia hybrida plants

Several families of transcription factors (TFs) control the progression of senescence. Many key TFs belonging to the WRKY family have been described to play crucial roles in the regulation of leaf senescence, mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, little is known about senescence-associated WRKY members in floricultural species. Delay of senescence in leaves and petals of Petunia hybrida, a worldwide ornamental crop are highly appreciated traits. In this work, starting from 28 differentially expressed WRKY genes of A. thaliana during the progression of leaf senescence, we identified the orthologous in P. hybrida and explored the expression profiles of 20 PhWRKY genes during the progression of natural (age-related) leaf and corolla senescence as well as in the corollas of flowers undergoing pollination-induced senescence. Simultaneous visualization showed consistent and similar expression profiles of PhWRKYs during natural leaf and corolla senescence, although weak expression changes were observed during pollination-induced senescence. Comparable expression trends between PhWRKYs and the corresponding genes of A. thaliana were observed during leaf senescence, although more divergence was found in petals of pollinated petunia flowers. Integration of expression data with phylogenetics, conserved motif and cis-regulatory element analyses were used to establish a list of candidates that could regulate more than one senescence process. Our results suggest that several members of the WRKY family of TFs are tightly linked to the regulation of senescence in P. hybrida.Fil: Astigueta, Francisco Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Baigorria, Amilcar H.. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Garcia, Martín Nahuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Delfosse, Verónica Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: González, Sergio A.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pérez de la Torre, Mariana C.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Moschen, Sebastián Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucuman-Santiago del Estero. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Lia, Verónica Viviana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Heinz, Ruth Amelia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Trupkin, Santiago Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Floricultura; Argentin

Identification of WRKY transcription factors associated with leaf and corolla senescence in Petunia hybrida

Several families of transcription factors (TFs) control the progression of senescence. Many key TFs belonging to the WRKY family have been described to play crucial roles in the regulation of leaf senescence, mainly in Arabidopsis. However, little is known about senescence-associated WRKY members in floricultural species. Delay of senescence in leaves and petals of Petunia hybrida, a worldwide ornamental crop are highly appreciated traits. In this work, starting from 28 differentially expressed WRKY genes of Arabidopsis during the progression of leaf senescence, we identified the orthologous in P. hybrida and explored the expression profiles of 20 PhWRKY genes during the progression of natural (age-related) leaf and corolla senescence as well as in the corollas of flowers undergoing pollination-induced senescence. Simultaneous visualization showed consistent and similar expression profiles of PhWRKYs during natural leaf and corolla senescence, although weak expression changes were observed during pollination-induced senescence. Comparable expression trends between PhWRKYs and the corresponding genes of Arabidopsis were observed during leaf senescence, although more divergences were found in petals of pollinated petunia flowers. Integration of expression data with phylogenetics, conserved motif and cis-regulatory element analyses were used to establish a list of solid candidates that could regulate more than one senescence process. Our results suggest that several members of the WRKY family of TFs are tightly linked to the regulation of senescence in P. hybrida.Fil: Astigueta, Francisco Horacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Baigorria, Amilcar H.. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Garcia, Martín Nahuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Delfosse, Verónica Cecilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: González, Sergio Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Perez de la Torre, Mariana Cecilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Moschen, Sebastián Nicolás. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Lia, Verónica Viviana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Heinz, Ruth Amelia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Paula del Carmen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Trupkin, Santiago Ariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentin

Intramolecular Palladium(II)-catalyzed 6-endo C-H alkenylation directed by the remote N-protecting group. Mechanistic insight and application to the synthesis of dihydroquinolines

A protocol for the Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H alkenylation reaction of substituted N-allylanilines via an unusual 6-endo process has been developed. A DFT study of the mechanistic pathway has shown that the coordination of the remote protecting group to the palladium center is determinant for the control of the regioselectivity in favor of the 6-endo process. The reaction would proceed via prior activation of the alkene. This procedure constitutes a mild and efficient method for the synthesis of 1,4- dihydroquinoline derivatives from simple and readily accessible substrates.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (CTQ2016-74881-P; CTQ2016-78083-P) // Gobierno Vasco (IT1045-16