John C. H. Wu at the University of Michigan School of Law

The following is an English language translation of a 2008 Chinese language article on John C.H. Wu, Soochow Law School LL.B. 1920 and Michigan Law School, J.D. 1921, by Professor Li Xiuqing of Shanghai\u27s East China University of Political Science and Law. Li is a specialist in Chinese and foreign legal history, with a focus on the transplant of Western and Japanese law into China during the late imperial and modern era. She also serves as the Secretary-General of the China Foreign Legal History Association. In 2006-07, Li was a Fulbright Scholar at the University of Michigan Law School, where she followed in the steps of John Wu in researching and writing on early twentieth-century Chinese constitutionalism. John C.H. Wu, one of the giants of post-Imperial Chinese law, philosophy, education, and religion, visited at law schools and universities throughout the United States and Europe-including Paris (1921), Harvard (1923 and 1930) and Northwestern (1929). He engaged in a long correspondence with Justice Holmes between 1921 and 1935, founded Tianhsia Monthly as a bridge between Chinese and Western culture, and served as Vice Chairman of the KMT-era Legislative Yuan\u27s Constitutional Drafting Committee starting in the early 1930s. In fact, he is well-known in China and Taiwan as principle drafter of the 1946 Chinese Constitution, largely based on his June 1933 draft constitution (still described in Chinese as the Wu draft ). In January 1927, he was appointed by the Jiangsu Provincial Government to sit as a judge on the new Shanghai Provisional Court, a court with jurisdiction over all controversies in the Shanghai International Settlement, except those cases where the defendants were citizens of the Treaty nations. (As he exulted to Justice Holmes at that time, I shall try to Holmesianize the Law of China! ) He was later promoted to Chief Justice and then President of the same Court. He resigned from the Court in the Fall of 1929 to return to the United States as a Rosenthal Lecturer at Northwestern Law School (Winter 1929) and a research Fellow at the Harvard Law School (Spring 1930). By the Fall of 1930 he had returned to Shanghai, where he practiced law until the Japanese invasion. After 1937 and a period of some turmoil in his personal life Wu rediscovered his early Christian faith, only now as a Catholic and not a Methodist, and went on to an equally rich career as a Catholic intellectual and leader, translating the New Testament and the Psalms into Chinese, and serving as Chinese minister to the Vatican in 1947-48. (He later completed a still popular English translation of Laozi\u27s Taoist classic, the Dao De Jing (Classic of the Way)-see Jingxiong Wu, Tao Teh Ching (New York, 1961)). In February 1949 he returned from Rome to Shanghai and was asked by the Guomindang Prime Minister Sun Fo (Sun Yat-sen\u27s son) and Acting President Li Chung-zen (Chiang Kai-shek having retired to his home of Ningbo, prior to his transfer to Taiwan) to be China\u27s Minister of Justice. The appointment was never formalized with the collapse of the Sun Fo cabinet, and in March 1949-after a final, melancholy interview with Chiang Kai-shek at their shared hometown Ningbo-John Wu departed China for the last time. After the 1949 Revolution, he was a long-time professor at the University of Hawaii and Seton Hall University in New Jersey. Readers interested in further English-language information on the Soochow Law School or John Wu\u27s career and life may refer to John C.H. Wu, Beyond East and West (New York, 1951), and William P. Alford and Shen Yuanyuan, Law is My ldol : John C.H. Wu and the Role of Legality and Spirituality in the Effort to Modernize China in Wei-ming Tu, ed., Essays in Honour of Wang Tieya (Cambridge, 1994)

A generalized least-squares framework for rare-variant analysis in family data.

Rare variants may, in part, explain some of the hereditability missing in current genome-wide association studies. Many gene-based rare-variant analysis approaches proposed in recent years are aimed at population-based samples, although analysis strategies for family-based samples are clearly warranted since the family-based design has the potential to enhance our ability to enrich for rare causal variants. We have recently developed the generalized least squares, sequence kernel association test, or GLS-SKAT, approach for the rare-variant analyses in family samples, in which the kinship matrix that was computed from the high dimension genetic data was used to decorrelate the family structure. We then applied the SKAT-O approach for gene-/region-based inference in the decorrelated data. In this study, we applied this GLS-SKAT method to the systolic blood pressure data in the simulated family sample distributed by the Genetic Analysis Workshop 18. We compared the GLS-SKAT approach to the rare-variant analysis approach implemented in family-based association test-v1 and demonstrated that the GLS-SKAT approach provides superior power and good control of type I error rate

Food scares and asymmetric price transmission: the case of the pork market in China

This paper investigates the symmetry of impact from three main food scare events on both the upstream and downstream price transmissions in the Chinese pork market through monthly data from 2001 to 2014. Based on a theoretical model, we firstly estimate the VAR systems for pork retail price and price transmissions in different links, and then plot the impulse response function and dynamic multiplier function respectively for endogenous substitute good price and exogenous food scare events. Empirical results indicate the asymmetry of price transmission in the Chinese pork market, and demand and supply shocks from three food scare incidents are found to impact retail price and price transmissions differentially. In addition, shocks from the same incident on price and price transmissions are significantly different. This research provides implications for farmers, business managers and policy makers to make strategies in response to food scare events

MiR-143-5p inhibits proliferation, invasion, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer cells by downregulation of HMGA2

Purpose: To investigate the regulatory effect and molecular mechanism of miR-143-5p in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Methods: Expression of miR-143-5p in CRC cell lines SW620 and HCT116 was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Stable miR-143-5p overexpression was mediated by lentivirus. The effects of miR-143-5p on proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial- mesenchymal transition (EMT) of SW620 and HCT116 cells were assessed by colony formation assay, CCK-8, Transwell assay, wound healing assay, and western blot. Target prediction was performed for miR-143-5p, and a dual luciferase assay was used to verify the targeting relationship. Results: Compared to CRC cells transfected with negative controls, cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and EMT were inhibited in miR-143-5p-overexpressing cells. Expression of HMGA2 (high- mobility Group AT-Hook 2), a target gene of miR-143-5p, was repressed by miR-143-5p. Rescue experiments confirmed that upregulation of HMGA2 due to mIR-143-5p overexpression reversed inhibition of CRC cell proliferation, invasion and EMT. Conclusion: MiR-143-5p inhibits the malignant progression of CRC by regulating HMGA2 expression and is expected to provide new therapeutic approaches for clinical treatment of CRC

MorphTE: Injecting Morphology in Tensorized Embeddings

In the era of deep learning, word embeddings are essential when dealing with text tasks. However, storing and accessing these embeddings requires a large amount of space. This is not conducive to the deployment of these models on resource-limited devices. Combining the powerful compression capability of tensor products, we propose a word embedding compression method with morphological augmentation, Morphologically-enhanced Tensorized Embeddings (MorphTE). A word consists of one or more morphemes, the smallest units that bear meaning or have a grammatical function. MorphTE represents a word embedding as an entangled form of its morpheme vectors via the tensor product, which injects prior semantic and grammatical knowledge into the learning of embeddings. Furthermore, the dimensionality of the morpheme vector and the number of morphemes are much smaller than those of words, which greatly reduces the parameters of the word embeddings. We conduct experiments on tasks such as machine translation and question answering. Experimental results on four translation datasets of different languages show that MorphTE can compress word embedding parameters by about 20 times without performance loss and significantly outperforms related embedding compression methods.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, 18 tables. Published at NeurIPS 202

Identifying association under a previous linkage peak on chromosome 16 for body mass index using cross-sectional and longitudinal data of the Framingham Heart Study

We performed association analysis under a previous linkage peak on chromosome 16 with genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data to identify genetic variants underlying body mass index (BMI). Data from all subjects with baseline measures and a subgroup who had complete data at four selected time points from the Framingham Heart Study were analyzed. The cross-sectional measures include BMI at baseline for all subjects, as well as BMI at selected time points for the subgroup. The longitudinal measure is the within-subject mean of BMI for the subgroup at the four time points

Desain Proportional Integral Derrivative (Pid) Controller Pada Model Arm Robot Manipulator

Dalam rangka menuju proses industrialisasi modern di negara Indonesia, harus didukung dengan teknologi yang canggih, contoh nya adalah arm robot manipulator. sebagai pelaku proses produksi sehingga dihasilkan ketepatan,kepresisian, dan kefektifan pada proses produksi. Dengan hal tersebut dibuat sebuah desain kontrol PID pada arm robot manipulator dengan tujuan menghasilkan tingkat presisi dan kestabilan yang lebih baik. Kontroler tersebut didesain, disimulasikan, dan diaplikasikan pada hardware dengan menggunakan software MATLAB/Simulink, kemudian dianalisa kestabilannya dengan metode root locus. Akrilik digunakan sebagai material pada body arm robot. Selanjutnya komponen utama seperti, potensiometer sebagai analog input, motor DC sebagai penggerak setiap link, serta Arduino Mega 2560 sebagai mikrokontroler. Akrilik dipilih karena ringan, kuat dan tahan lama.Dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan penyempurnaan konstruksi mekanik arm robot manipulator yang sudah ada, pemasangan hardware elektronik, dan pemrograman mikrokontroler dengan menggunakan software MATLAB pada Arduino Toolbox. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan, model arm robot manipulator dapat bergerak lebih smooth sesuai dengan input pergerakan potensiometer, dan berada posisi kestabilan saat dianalisa dengan menggunakan root locus

Genome-wide identification of the AOMT gene family in wax apple and functional characterization of SsAOMTs to anthocyanin methylation

IntroductionAnthocyanins are major pigments in the peels of red-series wax apple fruits, and two principal components of them, namely, the cyanin and the peonidin, are non-methoxylated and methoxylated anthocyanins, respectively. Anthocyanin O-methyltransferases (AOMTs) are an important group of enzymes that have the ability to catalyze anthocyanins methylation to promote the solubility, stability, and bioactivity of anthocyanins. Although AOMT genes have been studied in a variety of plants, the function of them in wax apple is generally not well understood.MethodsThe anthocyanin composition in peels of two wax apple cultivars was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLS-MS). The genome-wide analysis of the AOMT genes was performed with bioinformatics technology, and the expression patterns of different plant tissues, cultivars, fruit ripening stages, and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatments were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing analysis and real-time quantitative PCR verification. An initial functional evaluation was carried out in vitro using recombinant the Anthocyanin O-methyltransferase Gene 5 of S. samarangense (SsAOMT5) protein.ResultsOnly two main compositions of anthocyanin were found in peels of two wax apple cultivars, and it was worth noting that Tub Ting Jiang cultivar contained non-methoxylated anthocyanin (Cy3G) only, whereas Daye cultivar contained both non-methoxylated and methoxylated (Pn3G) anthocyanins. A total of six SsAOMT genes were identified in the whole genome of wax apple, randomly distributing on three chromosomes. A phylogenic analysis of the protein sequences divided the SsAOMT gene family into three subgroups, and all SsAOMTs had highly conserved domains of AOMT family. In total, four types of stress- related and five types of hormone- related cis-elements were discovered in the promoter region of the SsAOMTs. Expression pattern analysis showed that SsAOMT5 and SsAOMT6 were expressed in all tissues to varying degrees; notably, the expression of SsAOMT5 was high in the flower and fruit and significantly higher in Daye peels than those of other cultivars in the fruit ripening period. Exogenous ABA treatment significantly increased anthocyanin accumulation, but the increase of methoxylated anthocyanin content did not reach significant level compared with those without ABA treatment, whereas the expression of SsAOMT5 upregulated under ABA treatment. We identified two homologous SsAOMT5 genes from Daye cultivar (DSsAOMT5) and Tub Ting Jiang cultivar (TSsAOMT5); the results of functional analyses to two SsAOMT5 recombinant proteins in vitro demonstrated that DSsAOMT5 showed methylation modification activity, but TSsAOMT5 did not.ConclusionIn conclusion, SsAOMT5 was responsible for methylated anthocyanin accumulation in the peels of wax apple and played an important role in red coloration in wax apple peels

Power of linkage analysis using traits generated from simulated longitudinal data of the Framingham Heart Study

The Framingham Heart Study is a very successful longitudinal research for cardiovascular diseases. The completion of a 10-cM genome scan in Framingham families provided an opportunity to evaluate linkage using longitudinal data. Several descriptive traits based on simulated longitudinal data from the Genetic Analysis Workshop 13 (GAW13) were generated, and linkage analyses were performed for these traits. We compared the power of detecting linkage for baseline and slope genes in the simulated data of GAW13 using these traits. We found that using longitudinal traits based on multiple follow-ups may not be more powerful than using cross-sectional traits for genetic linkage analysis