14,952 research outputs found

    Canine platelets express functional Toll-like receptor-4: lipopolysaccharide-triggered platelet activation is dependent on adenosine diphosphate and thromboxane A2 in dogs.

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    BackgroundFunctional Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been characterized in human and murine platelets indicating that platelets play a role in inflammation and hemostasis during sepsis. It is unclear whether canine platelets could express functional TLR4 by responding to its ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We sought to determine if dogs express functional TLR4 and if LPS-induced platelet activation requires co-stimulation with ADP or thromboxane A2 (TxA2). Canine platelets were unstimulated (resting) or activated with thrombin or ADP prior to flow cytometric or microscopic analyses for TLR4 expression. We treated resting or ADP-primed platelets with LPS in the absence or presence of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and inhibited TLR4 with function blocking antibody or LPS from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS).ResultsWe discovered that dog platelets have variable TLR4 expression, which was upregulated following thrombin or ADP activation. LPS augmented P-selectin expression and thromboxane B2 secretion in ADP-primed platelets via TLR4. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase by ASA attenuated LPS-mediated P-selectin expression demonstrating that TLR4 signaling in platelets is partially dependent on TxA2 pathway.ConclusionExpression of functional TLR4 on canine platelets may contribute to hypercoagulability in clinical septic dogs. Cyclooxygenase and TxA2 pathways in TLR4-mediated platelet activation may present novel therapeutic targets in dogs with sepsis

    A Market Shaping Approach for the Biopharmaceutical Industry: Governing Innovation Towards the Public Interest

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    Enhancing research and development and ensuring equitable pricing and access to cutting-edge treatments are both vital to a biopharmaceutical innovation system that works in the public interest. However, despite delivering numerous therapeutic advances, the existing system suffers from major problems: a lack of directionality to meet key needs, inefficient collaboration, high prices that fail to reflect the public contribution, and an overly-financialized business model

    Three R2R3 MYB transcription factor genes from Capsicum annuum showing differential expression during fruit ripening

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    Three R2R3-MYB genes, designated CaMYB1, CaMYB2 and CaMYB3, were isolated from hot pepper (Capsicum annuum. L). CaMYB1, CaMYB2 and CaMYB3 encode polypetides consisting of 340, 262 and 345 amino acids respectively, containing R2R3 domain and the signature motif specific for the interaction between MYB and bHLH proteins in the R3 domain. Phylogenetic analysis based on the deduced amino acid sequences of these three R2R3 MYB transcription factor members revealed that CaMYB1 and CaMYB2 clustered together with the anthocyanin-related subgroup of R2R3 MYB proteins from other plants, while CaMYB3 did not. CaMYBs transcripts accumulation was detected in all stages of fruit development and in flower and leaves. Three CaMYBs transcription factors showed differential expression during fruit ripening. Anthocyanin biosynthetic gene expression patterns were quite different in young leaves, flower, and the four stages of fruit development. CaMYB1 and CaMYB2 may regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in hot pepper.Key words: Anthocyanin, Capsicum annuum, gene expression, R2R3 MYB transcription factor

    Photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of rhodamine B in aqueous solution using Ti/TiO?mesh photoelectrodes

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    Author name used in this publication: X. Z. LiAuthor name used in this publication: F. B. LiAuthor name used in this publication: C. L. Mak2001-2002 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalAccepted ManuscriptPublishe

    Inclusion of interbar currents in a network-field coupled time-stepping finite-element model of skewed-rotor induction motors

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    Author name used in this publication: S. L. HoAuthor name used in this publication: W. N. FuVersion of RecordPublishe

    Finite element analysis on piezoelectric ring transformer

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    2004-2005 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

    Influence of AgNO3 on somatic embryo induction and development in Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.)

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    In this present study, we explored the effects of silver nitrate (AgNO3) on somatic embryo induction and the development from immature zygotic embryos in Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.). AgNO3 played a minor role on in vitro embryo induction frequency and in the number of somatic embryos per explant. However, 1 mg L–1 AgNO3 enhanced synchronization and significantly inhibited abnormal somatic embryo formation suggesting that AgNO3 might serve an important function in controlling the development of somatic embryos in Manchurian ash. Our results provided foundation for a future more efficient somatic embryogenesis and regeneration protocol.Key words: Abnormality, Fraxinus mandshurica, silver nitrate, somatic embryogenesis, synchronization

    Machine-Learning-Assisted Design of a Robust Biomimetic Radiative Cooling Metamaterial

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    Recently, biomimetic photonic structural materials have significantly improved their radiative cooling performance. However, most research has focused on understanding cooling mechanisms, with limited exploration of sensitive parameter variations. Traditional numerical methods are costly and time-consuming and often struggle to identify optimal solutions, limiting the scope of high-performance microstructure design. To address these challenges, we integrated machine learning into the design of Batocera LineolataHope bionic photonic structures, using SiO2 as the substrate. Deep learning models provided insights into the complex relationship between bionic metamaterials and their spectral response, enabling us to identify the optimal performance parameter range for truncated cone arrays (height-to-diameter ratio (H/D-bottom) from 0.8 to 2.4), achieving a high average emissivity of 0.985. Experimentally, the noon temperature of fabricated samples decreased by about 8.3 degrees C. This data-driven approach accelerates the design and optimization of robust biomimetic radiative cooling metamaterials, promising significant advancements in standardized passive radiative cooling applications
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