Giras de organización, la respuesta sindical a la estructura agraria. Entre Ríos, 1917-1939

The first decades of the twentieth century saw a spontaneous and isolated event until then, the creation of national-scale unions led by a plan. Although the city of Buenos Aires had a preeminence in union activity, we see from the hegemony of the syndicalist tendency in the mid-1910s, an exponential growth in the interior of Argentina. The advance of the trade unionists was reflected in an increase in the workers' conflict, however it required a previous step, the creation of the organizational device for the economic struggle. The construction of new unions was arduous and precise of the militant predisposition of those unionists who mobilized through the interior of Argentina with the objective of founding new workers' organizations. These militants created a tactic that was sustained over time until at least the thirties. Organizational tours were the key to success. Activity carried out by some militants, often alone, registering different locations, meeting with workers and creating new unions.Las primeras décadas del siglo veinte conocieron un hecho hasta entonces espontáneo y aislado, la creación de sindicatos a escala nacional dirigido por un plan. Si bien la ciudad de Buenos Aires tuvo preeminencia en la actividad gremial, vemos a partir de la hegemonía de los sindicalistas a mediados de la década de 1910, un crecimiento exponencial en el interior argentino. El avance de los sindicalistas se reflejó en un aumento de la conflictividad obrera. Sin embargo, precisó de un paso previo, la creación del aparato organizativo para la lucha económica. La construcción de nuevos sindicatos fue ardua y precisó de la predisposición militante de aquellos gremialistas que se movilizaron por el interior argentino con el objetivo de fundar nuevos organismos obreros. Estos militantes crearon una táctica que se sostuvo en el tiempo hasta por lo menos fines de la década del treinta, las giras de organización realizadas por algunos militantes, muchas veces en solitario, que recorrían diferentes localidades, se reunían con obreros y creaban nuevos sindicatos

Consolidation of massive bone allografts in limb-preserving operations for bone tumours

This study analysed the influence of several factors affecting the consolidation time of 83 massive bone allografts in 79 patients with malignant bone tumours: osteosarcoma 57; Ewing's sarcoma 8; malignant fibrous histiocytoma 3; chondrosarcoma 4; fibrosarcoma 5; and giant cell tumours 2. The mean age of the patients was 19 years and the mean length of the allografts was 18 cm. The minimum follow up was for 12 months. The mean consolidation time for metaphyseal and diaphyseal osteotomies was 6.5 and 16 months respectively. Fifteen diaphyseal osteotomies required autologous cancellous grafting. There were 8 allograft fractures after consolidation. The following factors which might influence consolidation were analysed: age of the host and donor; allograft length and site; type of osteotomy and osteosynthesis; intra-arterial and systemic chemotherapy; intraoperative and external radio-therapy. In diaphyseal osteotomies there were statistically significant differences in consolidation time with the use of systemic chemotherapy, external radiotherapy and the recipient's age

Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee. Treatment and evolution

We performed a retrospective study on 21 patients affected by unilateral spontaneous osteonecrosis of the femoral condyle. Fifteen were women and 6 men. Their average age was 66.9 years. In ten cases the onset of pain was sudden, with a clear previous history of trauma in two of them. Gait pain, effusion, and joint locking were the most frequent clinical symptoms. At the time of diagnosis, 7 patients presented with grade I necrosis, 8 grade II, 1 grade III, and 5 grade IV, following Koshino's classification [11]. The average percentage of osteonecrosis was 36.8%. Six patients underwent conservative treatment with physical exercises and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. We performed arthroscopy alone in 4 patients, arthroscopy and drilling in 8, valgus high tibial osteotomy in 2, and total knee arthroplasty in 1. The overall results after an average follow-up 41 months were excellent and good in 76.2% of the cases, fair in 14.3%, and poor in 9.5%. An associated medial meniscus tear was found in half of the patients who underwent surgery. In patients diagnosed with grade III and IV osteonecrosis, no increase in the percentage of necrosis was observed

Distraction osteogenesis of the lower extremity with use of monolateral external fixation

We reviewed the results of distraction osteogenesis of 114 femora and 147 tibiae that had been lengthened to treat a variety of diagnoses. The femora had been lengthened an average of eleven centimeters (range, 3.5 to 17.0 centimeters), or 48 per cent (range, 8 to 86 per cent) of the original femoral length. The average total time for the treatment of the femora (use of the fixator and any subsequent immobilization) was 257 days (range, 105 to 420 days). There were 114 complications related to the femoral lengthenings, which led to eighty-seven additional operations. The tibiae were lengthened an average of nine centimeters (range, 3.0 to 15.6 centimeters), or 41 per cent (range, 9 to 100 per cent) of the original tibial length. The average total time for the treatment of the tibiae was 268 days (range, 110 to 497 days). There were 196 complications related to the tibial lengthenings, which led to 219 additional operations. The Achilles tendon was lengthened during or after seventy-three (50 per cent) of the tibial lengthenings. The femoral lengthenings that were performed to treat a limb-length discrepancy were associated with significantly higher rates of complications overall (p = 0.010) and additional operations (p = 0.023) for each percentage of length gained than those that were performed to treat achondroplasia or another skeletal dysplasia. The femoral lengthenings that were performed to treat short stature (of an endocrine or idiopathic etiology) were also associated with higher rates of complications overall and additional operations than those performed to treat skeletal dysplasias, but the rates were lower than those for lengthenings performed to treat limb-length discrepancy. The rate of complications overall associated with femoral lengthening in patients who were fourteen years old or more was significantly higher than that associated with lengthening in patients who were less than fourteen years old (p = 0.047). Femoral lengthening through the metaphysis was associated with significantly higher rates of complications overall (p = 0.031) and additional operations (p = 0.042) for each percentage of length gained than femoral lengthening through the diaphysis. The tibial lengthenings that were performed to treat Turner syndrome and idiopathic short stature were associated with significantly higher rates of complications overall (p = 0.026) and additional operations (p = 0.003) for each percentage of length gained than those performed to treat skeletal dysplasias. The rate of joint-related problems (p = 0.044) and that of additional operations (p = 0.053) after tibial lengthening in patients who were fourteen years old or more were significantly higher than those rates after tibial lengthening in patients who were less than fourteen years old. The site of the tibial osteotomy did not affect the rate of complications or additional operations. The femoral healing indices (in terms of both days per centimeter [p = 0.002] and days for each percentage of length gained [p = 0.019]) were significantly higher in the patients who were fourteen years old or more than in those who were less the fourteen years old. These values could not be used to predict an increase in the complications because of poor bone formation. The results of the present review suggest that the use of healing indices to gauge the final outcome of distraction osteogenesis is questionable; we were unable to discern significance or clinical importance from appropriately adjusted values

Quiste sinovial en articulación interapofisaria lumbar. Una causa infrecuente de lumbociática

Los quistes sinoviales de las articulaciones facetarias pueden ser asintomáticos o provocar dolor lumbar, con o sin clínica radicular. Se considera que son secundarios a traumatismos o a degeneración articular, y ocurren con mayor frecuencia en pacientes con espondi lolistesis. El diagnóstico se establece con la tomografía axial computarizada o la resonancia magnética, que mues tran una lesión quísti ca adyacente a la faceta articu lar. Realizamos una revis ión de la literatura y presenta mos un paciente con radiculopatí a S1 izquierda cau sada por un quiste sinovial de la articulación facetaria L5 - S1. El tratamiento fue curativo y consistió en la resección del quiste

From the Editors: Making Intangible Capital a better review in its third year

Con este número, Intangible Capital inicia su tercer año. Es un buen momento para reflexionar sobre cómo podemos mejorar la revista en este tercer volumen, y de reconsiderar los objetivos marcados en el segundo volumen.With this issue, Intangible Capital reaches its third year. It is a good moment to reflect on how can we make this review better one along this year, and to asses if we have achieved the second year’s goal

MAVS: Experiencia en el HIGA San Martín año 2014

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar nuestra casuística de malformaciónes arteriovenosas (MAV) cerebrales tratadas durante el año 2014 analizando su clasificación según escala de Spetzler-Martin (S-M) y la escala suplementaria.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

MAVS: Experiencia en el HIGA San Martín año 2014

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar nuestra casuística de malformaciónes arteriovenosas (MAV) cerebrales tratadas durante el año 2014 analizando su clasificación según escala de Spetzler-Martin (S-M) y la escala suplementaria.Facultad de Ciencias Médica