Somatic mutations activating STAT3 in human inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas

Somatic STAT3 mutations present in a subset of inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas result in the generation of constitutively active STAT3 proteins that homodimerize independently of IL-6 stimulation

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Una peculiaridad oposición entre le y lo en el español de México

En el curso de una investigación sobre las oraciones completivas en español, que forma parte de las investigaciones gramaticales que se están llevando a cabo para la elaboración del Diccionario del español de México, encontré un grupo de verbos (unos cien, aproximadamente) que presentan un comportamiento interesante con respecto al uso de los pronombres lo y le

Las completivas objeto en español. Estudio distribucional.

Este estudio descriptivo cuestiona la concepción de la lengua como sistema cerrado y explora las construcciones gramaticales con completivas o estructuras con completiva en la gramática española. Se trata de estudiar un conjunto de verbos para analizar los que entran en las construcciones con completiva, las propiedades sintácticas de dichas construcciones y la forma como se estructuran las propiedades sintácticas.142p

Homenaje a Jorge A. Suárez

A través de este volumen El Colegio de México rinde homenaje a Jorge Alberto Suárez, filólogo, maestro y humanista, quien supo armonizar en sus investigaciones lingüísticas el estudio de las lenguas indígenas de América del Sur con el español americano

Improvement in Quadriceps Muscle Strength and Fucntional Capacities after a 3-month home-based Endurance Training in Lung Transplant Recipients

Background: Peripheral muscle dysfunction and reduced exercise capacity are well recognized in lung transplant recipients (LTR) in spite of improved lung function. However, the effect of exercise training in this specific population is still poor studied. We investigated the benefits of training on muscle function and cardio-ventilatory response during exercise in LTR. Methods: Twelve patients after lung transplantation (FEV1: 74 &#177; 24 % of predicted value) and 12 healthy subjects (C) were studied before and after a 3-month home-based endurance training. Quadriceps strength and fatigability were assessed by maximal twitch tension (TwQ) using magnetic stimulation of the femoral nerve and fiber diameters were obtained after biopsy of the vastus lateralis. Cardio-ventilatory responses were measured during both maximal and constant workload (W) cycle exercise and quality of life was assessed by the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire. Results: At baseline, LTR had lower percentage of type I fibers, TwQ, Wmax, VO2max, VEmax and endurance time than C (< 50% of C each). After training, significant improvement in TwQ (+44 &#177; 26 N), Wmax (+13 &#177; 19 W), endurance time (+11.5 &#177; 11.1 min) and dyspnea score (CRQdyspnea: +3.1 &#177; 4.4 points) were observed in LTR (p < 0.05). Furthermore, VE was reduced at submaximal (VE at ventilatory threshold: -4.5 &#177; 6.8 L/min) and constant (65% Wmax) exercise (-6.4 &#177; 5.2 L/min) (P < 0.05). Decrease in exercise-induced fatigability correlated with decrease in VE at initial maximal workload in LTR (r = 0.72, P = 0.06) and in LTR + C (r = 0.56, P = 0.02) and increase in TwQ correlated to increase in CRQdyspnea in LTR (r = 0.74, P = 0.04). Conclusion: Gains in exercise capacity and in quadriceps strength were observed after endurance training in LTR. The latter may have been involved in improving exercise ventilatory response and dyspnea, supporting the benefit of peripheral muscle strength improvement in exercise tolerance in LTR and even the larger field of chronic respiratory diseases