New perspectives on realism, tractability, and complexity in economics

Fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms are used to rework more realistic (and more complex) models of competitive markets. The resulting equilibria are significantly different from the ones predicted from the usual static analysis; the methodology solves the Walrasian problem of how markets can reach equilibrium, starting with firms trading at disparate prices. The modified equilibria found in these complex market models involve some mutual self-restraint on the part of the agents involved, relative to economically rational behaviour. Research (using similar techniques) into the evolution of collaborative behaviours in economics, and of altruism generally, is summarized; and the joint significance of these two bodies of work for public policy is reviewed. The possible extension of the fuzzy/ genetic methodology to other technical aspects of economics (including international trade theory, and development) is also discussed, as are the limitations to the usefulness of any type of theory in political domains. For the latter purpose, a more differentiated concept of rationality, appropriate to ill-structured choices, is developed. The philosophical case for laissez-faire policies is considered briefly; and the prospects for change in the way we ‘do economics’ are analysed

Multivariate Analysis of F-18-DMFP PET Data to Assist the Diagnosis of Parkinsonism

An early and differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes still remains a challenge mainly due to the similarity of their symptoms during the onset of the disease. Recently, F-18-Desmethoxyfallypride (DMFP) has been suggested to increase the diagnostic precision as it is an effective radioligand that allows us to analyze post-synaptic dopamine D2/3 receptors. Nevertheless, the analysis of these data is still poorly covered and its use limited. In order to address this challenge, this paper shows a novel model to automatically distinguish idiopathic parkinsonism from non-idiopathic variants using DMFP data. The proposed method is based on a multiple kernel support vector machine and uses the linear version of this classifier to identify some regions of interest: the olfactory bulb, thalamus, and supplementary motor area. We evaluated the proposed model for both, the binary separation of idiopathic and non-idiopathic parkinsonism and the multigroup separation of parkinsonian variants. These systems achieved accuracy rates higher than 70%, outperforming DaTSCAN neuroimages for this purpose. In addition, a system that combined DaTSCAN and DMFP data was assessed

Para a noção de transformação curricular

Neste artigo é evidenciada a relação entre currículo e conhecimento, abordando-se o conhecimento escolar na sua seleção, organização e transformação, a partir de uma revisão do conceito de transposição didática e da proposição dos conceitos de transformação curricular e transformação didática. Qualquer debate sobre o currículo exige a dilucidação do conhecimento e uma reflexão sobre os seus diversos significados, sobretudo quando a educação se torna num projeto amplo de questionamento da realidade social. Para além de várias questões colocadas acerca do conhecimento escolar e do modo como a sua organização pode ser realizada, procura-se centrar o debate numa reflexão sobre as fronteiras entre conhecimentos e esclarecer que, sobre essa temática, jamais poderão existir respostas fechadas.This article highlights the link between curriculum and knowledge, the approach of school knowledge’s selection, organization and transformation is based on a revision of the concept of didactic transposition and on the proposal of the concepts of curriculum and didactic transformation. Debates on curriculum demand an explanation and a reflection on the multiple meanings of knowledge mainly when education aims to be a broad project to contest social reality. It aims to focus the discussion on a reflection regarding the borders between knowledges and to show that in this subject there are never closed answers.Dans cet article est mis en évidence le rapport entre le curriculum et la connaissance, en abordant la connaissance scolaire dans sa sélection, son organisation et sa transformation à partir d’une révision du concept de transposition didactique et de la proposition des concepts de transformation du curriculum et de transformation didactique. Toute discussion sur le curriculum exige la dilucidation de la connaissance et une réflexion sur ses plusieurs signifiés, surtout quand l’éducation devient un projet plus large de mise en question de la réalité sociale. Au delà des plusieurs questions posées autour de la connaissance scolaire et de la manière comme son organisation peut être réalisée, on cherche á fixer le débat dans une réflexion sur les frontières entre connaissances et éclaircir que, sur cette thématique jamais ne pourront exister des réponses absolues.En este trabajo se pone en evidencia la relación entre el currículum y el conocimiento, abordándose el conocimiento escolar en su selección, organización y transformación desde una revisión del concepto de transposición didáctica y de la proposición de los conceptos de transformación curricular y transformación didáctica. Cualquier discusión sobre el currículum requiere la aclaración del conocimiento y una reflexión sobre sus diversos significados, especialmente cuando la educación se convierte en un proyecto más amplio de cuestionamiento de la realidad social. Además de varias preguntas sobre el conocimiento escolar y el modo en el que su organización puede tener lugar, se intenta centrar el debate en una reflexión sobre las fronteras entre conocimientos y aclarar que en esta temática jamás podrán existir respuestas cerradas.(undefined

Extensive sequencing of seven human genomes to characterize benchmark reference materials

The Genome in a Bottle Consortium, hosted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is creating reference materials and data for human genome sequencing, as well as methods for genome comparison and benchmarking. Here, we describe a large, diverse set of sequencing data for seven human genomes; five are current or candidate NIST Reference Materials. The pilot genome, NA12878, has been released as NIST RM 8398. We also describe data from two Personal Genome Project trios, one of Ashkenazim Jewish ancestry and one of Chinese ancestry. The data come from 12 technologies: BioNano Genomics, Complete Genomics paired-end and LFR, Ion Proton exome, Oxford Nanopore, Pacific Biosciences, SOLiD, 10X Genomics GemCode WGS, and Illumina exome and WGS paired-end, mate-pair, and synthetic long reads. Cell lines, DNA, and data from these individuals are publicly available. Therefore, we expect these data to be useful for revealing novel information about the human genome and improving sequencing technologies, SNP, indel, and structural variant calling, and de novo assembly

Implications of serial measurements of natriuretic peptides in heart failure: insights from BIOSTAT‐CHF

No abstract available

PATIENTERS ERFARENHETER AV SJUKSKÖTERSKANS KOMMUNIKATION INOM SLUTENVÅRDEN

Bakgrund: Kommunikation är en central del av sjukvården och är en viktig faktor för att kunna erbjuda en säker vård. Kommunikationen mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten är ett viktigt verktyg för att uppnå en tydlig bild över patientens situation. För att kunna uppnå personcentrerad vård ska kommunikation tillämpas genom både verbala och kroppsliga uttryck. Trots detta rapporterar patienter ett missnöje gällande hur sjuksköterskors kommunikation. Då kommunikationen har visats ha en betydande roll i patienters erfarenheter av vården samt vårdresultatet är det av vikt att belysa patienters erfarenheter av sjuksköterskors kommunikation. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa patienters erfarenheter av sjuksköterskors kommunikation inom slutenvården. Metod: En litteraturstudie där studier med kvalitativ insats ingår. Databassökningarna utfördes i PubMed och CINAHL. Efter relevansbedömning återstod tio studier som analyserades genom en innehållsanalys. Resultat: Tre teman framträdde som var sjuksköterskans närvaro, samspel och kroppsspråk. En känsla av närvaro uppnåddes när sjuksköterskan visade aktivt lyssnande och erbjöd sin tid för att hjälpa patienter. Ett samspel mellan sjuksköterska och patient möjliggjordes av sjuksköterskans förmåga att bilda en sjuksköterska-patient relation samt erbjöd lättförståelig och kontinuerlig information om patientens tillstånd. Patienterna ansåg att när sjuksköterskorna använde sig utav kroppsspråk i form av ögonkontakt och omtänksamt tonfall kunde olika känslor genereras som bekräftelse och säkerhet. Konklusion: Föreliggande studie belyser patienters erfarenheter av sjuksköterskans kommunikation vad beträffar sjuksköterskans närvaro, samspel och kroppsspråk. Det är viktigt för patienterna att sjuksköterskorna är medvetna om hur de kommunicerar.Background: Communication is a central part of healthcare and is an important factor in being able to provide safe care. The communication between the nurse and the patient is a tool of utmost importance for achieving a clear picture of the patient's situation. In order to achieve patient-centered care communication should be applied through both verbal and physical expressions. However, patients report dissatisfaction regarding how nurses communicate. As communication has been shown to play a significant role in patients’ experience of healthcare but also in the result of health care, it is important to highlight patients’ experiences of the nurses’ communication. Aim: The aim is to highlight patients’ experiences of nurses’ communication within inpatient care. Method: A literature reviw in which studies with a qualitative approach were studied. The database searches were performed in PubMed and CINAHL. After a relevance assessment 10 studies were analyzed by a content analysis. Result: Three themes emerged after the analysis of patients’ experiences which were nurses’ presence, interaction and body language. A sense of presence was achieved when the nurse showed active listening and offered time to help patients. Interaction between nurse and patient was enabled when the nurse had the ability to form a nurse-patient relationship and offered comprehensible and continuous information about the patient’s condition. Patients felt that when the nurses used body language in the form of eye contact and a caring tone of voice different emotions could be generated such as confirmation and security. Conclusion: This review highlights patients’ experiences of nurses’ communication concerning nurses’ presence, interaction and body language. It was found that it was important for patients that the nurses are aware of how they communicate

PATIENTERS ERFARENHETER AV SJUKSKÖTERSKANS KOMMUNIKATION INOM SLUTENVÅRDEN

Bakgrund: Kommunikation är en central del av sjukvården och är en viktig faktor för att kunna erbjuda en säker vård. Kommunikationen mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten är ett viktigt verktyg för att uppnå en tydlig bild över patientens situation. För att kunna uppnå personcentrerad vård ska kommunikation tillämpas genom både verbala och kroppsliga uttryck. Trots detta rapporterar patienter ett missnöje gällande hur sjuksköterskors kommunikation. Då kommunikationen har visats ha en betydande roll i patienters erfarenheter av vården samt vårdresultatet är det av vikt att belysa patienters erfarenheter av sjuksköterskors kommunikation. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa patienters erfarenheter av sjuksköterskors kommunikation inom slutenvården. Metod: En litteraturstudie där studier med kvalitativ insats ingår. Databassökningarna utfördes i PubMed och CINAHL. Efter relevansbedömning återstod tio studier som analyserades genom en innehållsanalys. Resultat: Tre teman framträdde som var sjuksköterskans närvaro, samspel och kroppsspråk. En känsla av närvaro uppnåddes när sjuksköterskan visade aktivt lyssnande och erbjöd sin tid för att hjälpa patienter. Ett samspel mellan sjuksköterska och patient möjliggjordes av sjuksköterskans förmåga att bilda en sjuksköterska-patient relation samt erbjöd lättförståelig och kontinuerlig information om patientens tillstånd. Patienterna ansåg att när sjuksköterskorna använde sig utav kroppsspråk i form av ögonkontakt och omtänksamt tonfall kunde olika känslor genereras som bekräftelse och säkerhet. Konklusion: Föreliggande studie belyser patienters erfarenheter av sjuksköterskans kommunikation vad beträffar sjuksköterskans närvaro, samspel och kroppsspråk. Det är viktigt för patienterna att sjuksköterskorna är medvetna om hur de kommunicerar.Background: Communication is a central part of healthcare and is an important factor in being able to provide safe care. The communication between the nurse and the patient is a tool of utmost importance for achieving a clear picture of the patient's situation. In order to achieve patient-centered care communication should be applied through both verbal and physical expressions. However, patients report dissatisfaction regarding how nurses communicate. As communication has been shown to play a significant role in patients’ experience of healthcare but also in the result of health care, it is important to highlight patients’ experiences of the nurses’ communication. Aim: The aim is to highlight patients’ experiences of nurses’ communication within inpatient care. Method: A literature reviw in which studies with a qualitative approach were studied. The database searches were performed in PubMed and CINAHL. After a relevance assessment 10 studies were analyzed by a content analysis. Result: Three themes emerged after the analysis of patients’ experiences which were nurses’ presence, interaction and body language. A sense of presence was achieved when the nurse showed active listening and offered time to help patients. Interaction between nurse and patient was enabled when the nurse had the ability to form a nurse-patient relationship and offered comprehensible and continuous information about the patient’s condition. Patients felt that when the nurses used body language in the form of eye contact and a caring tone of voice different emotions could be generated such as confirmation and security. Conclusion: This review highlights patients’ experiences of nurses’ communication concerning nurses’ presence, interaction and body language. It was found that it was important for patients that the nurses are aware of how they communicate

PATIENTERS ERFARENHETER AV SJUKSKÖTERSKANS KOMMUNIKATION INOM SLUTENVÅRDEN

Bakgrund: Kommunikation är en central del av sjukvården och är en viktig faktor för att kunna erbjuda en säker vård. Kommunikationen mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten är ett viktigt verktyg för att uppnå en tydlig bild över patientens situation. För att kunna uppnå personcentrerad vård ska kommunikation tillämpas genom både verbala och kroppsliga uttryck. Trots detta rapporterar patienter ett missnöje gällande hur sjuksköterskors kommunikation. Då kommunikationen har visats ha en betydande roll i patienters erfarenheter av vården samt vårdresultatet är det av vikt att belysa patienters erfarenheter av sjuksköterskors kommunikation. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa patienters erfarenheter av sjuksköterskors kommunikation inom slutenvården. Metod: En litteraturstudie där studier med kvalitativ insats ingår. Databassökningarna utfördes i PubMed och CINAHL. Efter relevansbedömning återstod tio studier som analyserades genom en innehållsanalys. Resultat: Tre teman framträdde som var sjuksköterskans närvaro, samspel och kroppsspråk. En känsla av närvaro uppnåddes när sjuksköterskan visade aktivt lyssnande och erbjöd sin tid för att hjälpa patienter. Ett samspel mellan sjuksköterska och patient möjliggjordes av sjuksköterskans förmåga att bilda en sjuksköterska-patient relation samt erbjöd lättförståelig och kontinuerlig information om patientens tillstånd. Patienterna ansåg att när sjuksköterskorna använde sig utav kroppsspråk i form av ögonkontakt och omtänksamt tonfall kunde olika känslor genereras som bekräftelse och säkerhet. Konklusion: Föreliggande studie belyser patienters erfarenheter av sjuksköterskans kommunikation vad beträffar sjuksköterskans närvaro, samspel och kroppsspråk. Det är viktigt för patienterna att sjuksköterskorna är medvetna om hur de kommunicerar.Background: Communication is a central part of healthcare and is an important factor in being able to provide safe care. The communication between the nurse and the patient is a tool of utmost importance for achieving a clear picture of the patient's situation. In order to achieve patient-centered care communication should be applied through both verbal and physical expressions. However, patients report dissatisfaction regarding how nurses communicate. As communication has been shown to play a significant role in patients’ experience of healthcare but also in the result of health care, it is important to highlight patients’ experiences of the nurses’ communication. Aim: The aim is to highlight patients’ experiences of nurses’ communication within inpatient care. Method: A literature reviw in which studies with a qualitative approach were studied. The database searches were performed in PubMed and CINAHL. After a relevance assessment 10 studies were analyzed by a content analysis. Result: Three themes emerged after the analysis of patients’ experiences which were nurses’ presence, interaction and body language. A sense of presence was achieved when the nurse showed active listening and offered time to help patients. Interaction between nurse and patient was enabled when the nurse had the ability to form a nurse-patient relationship and offered comprehensible and continuous information about the patient’s condition. Patients felt that when the nurses used body language in the form of eye contact and a caring tone of voice different emotions could be generated such as confirmation and security. Conclusion: This review highlights patients’ experiences of nurses’ communication concerning nurses’ presence, interaction and body language. It was found that it was important for patients that the nurses are aware of how they communicate

Evidence for a role of viruses in the thermal sensitivity of coral photosymbionts

Symbiodinium, the dinoflagellate photosymbiont of corals, is posited to become more susceptible to viral infections when heat-stressed. To investigate this hypothesis, we mined transcriptome data of a thermosensitive and a thermotolerant type C1 Symbiodinium population at ambient (27 °C) and elevated (32°C) temperatures. We uncovered hundreds of transcripts from nucleocytoplasmic large double-stranded DNA viruses (NCLDVs) and the genome of a novel positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus (+ssRNAV). In the transcriptome of the thermosensitive population only, +ssRNAV transcripts had remarkable expression levels in the top 0.03% of all transcripts at 27 °C, but at 32 °C, expression levels of +ssRNAV transcripts decreased, while expression levels of anti-viral transcripts increased. In both transcriptomes, expression of NCLDV transcripts increased at 32 °C, but thermal induction of NCLDV transcripts involved in DNA manipulation was restricted to the thermosensitive population. Our findings reveal that viruses infecting Symbiodinium are affected by heat stress and may contribute to Symbiodinium thermal sensitivity