Counter and Complicit Masculine Discourse Among Men’s Shed Members

Men’s Sheds is a growing international movement aimed at providing men with places and activities that facilitate social connectedness. Despite Men’s Sheds’ focus on males, little attention has been paid to masculinities within the specific context of these settings. The current study used a gender relations framework to explore the ways in which attendees discussed Men’s Sheds, with particular attention to discussions that were complicit and counter to traditional, hegemonic views of masculinity, and diverse positions in between these binaries. The data consisted of transcripts and field notes from four focus groups comprised of mostly older, White, retired male members of a Canadian shed (N = 22). The analysis revealed three overall themes: (1) focus on work, (2) independence, and (3) need for male-focused spaces. These themes and associated subthemes suggest that shed members ascribe to dominant masculine values and ideals, but also support more fluid and flexible views of masculinity. Implications are discussed for how working with an array of masculinities within the Men’s Sheds movement will be helpful with respect to their future growth in Canada and internationally

A framework for mixing methods in quantitative measurement development, validation, and revision: A case study

A framework for quantitative measurement development, validation, and revision that incorporates both qualitative and quantitative methods is introduced. It extends and adapts Adcock and Collier’s work, and thus, facilitates understanding of quantitative measurement development, validation, and revision as an integrated and cyclical set of procedures best achieved through mixed methods research. It also offers a systematic guide concerning how these procedures may be undertaken through detailing key “stages,” “levels,” and practical “tasks.” A case study illustrates how qualitative and quantitative methods may be mixed through the use of the proposed framework in the cross-cultural content- and construct-related validation and subsequent revision of a quantitative measure.The contribution of this article to mixed methods research literature is briefly discussed

Military deployment, masculinity and trauma : reviewing the connections

This article reviews the literature on deployment trauma and examines the limitations of conventional understandings of trauma as they relate to veterans’ experiences. It suggests that the failure to take into account social influences and social relationships limits the usefulness of conventional approaches to trauma. The article considers the role that masculinity plays in male veterans’ experience of and sense making about trauma. It is suggested that while formal recognition of posttraumatic stress disorder in the DSM has provided a helpful language for veterans, it is an incomplete response. A new model of masculinity that better enables the male veteran to speak about trauma and to reconnect with others has implications for counselling practice with veterans

Self-Regulation Therapy to Reproduce Drug Effects: A Suggestion Technique to Change Personality and the DRD3 Gene Expression

This study proposes a strategy, based on self-regulation therapy, to change personality and its biological substrate, the DRD3 gene expression. It has been demonstrated that acute doses of stimulating drugs, like methylphenidate, are able to change personality and the expression of certain genes in the short term. On the other hand, self-regulation therapy has been proven to reproduce the effects of drugs. Thus, it is feasible to hope that self-regulation therapy is equally effective as methylphenidate in changing personality and the gene expression. This is a preliminary study with a single-case experimental design with replication in which 2 subjects participated. The results and potential implications for research and psychotherapy are discussed.Amigó Borrás, S.; Caselles Moncho, A.; Micó Ruiz, JC. (2013). Self-Regulation Therapy to Reproduce Drug Effects: A Suggestion Technique to Change Personality and the DRD3 Gene Expression. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 61(3):282-304. doi:10.1080/00207144.2013.784094S282304613Accili, D., Fishburn, C. S., Drago, J., Steiner, H., Lachowicz, J. E., Park, B. H., … Fuchs, S. (1996). A targeted mutation of the D3 dopamine receptor gene is associated with hyperactivity in mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93(5), 1945-1949. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.5.1945Amigó, S., Caselles, A., & Micó, J. C. (2008). A dynamic extraversion model. The brain’s response to a single dose of a stimulant drug. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 61(1), 211-231. doi:10.1348/000711007x185514Amigó, S., Caselles, A., & Micó, J. C. (2010). General Factor of Personality Questionnaire (GFPQ): Only one Factor to Understand Personality? The Spanish journal of psychology, 13(1), 5-17. doi:10.1017/s1138741600003644Barbanti, P., Bronzetti, E., Ricci, A., Cerbo, R., Fabbrini, G., Buzzi, M. G., … Lenzi, G. L. (1996). Increased density of dopamine D5 receptor in peripheral blood lymphocytes of migraineurs: a marker for migraine? Neuroscience Letters, 207(2), 73-76. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(96)12491-5Barbanti, P., Fabbrini, G., Ricci, A., Bruno, G., Cerbo, R., Bronzetti, E., … Luigi Lenzi, G. (2000). Reduced density of dopamine D2-like receptors on peripheral blood lymphocytes in Alzheimer’s disease. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 120(1-3), 65-75. doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(00)00183-4Barbanti, P., Fabbrini, G., Ricci, A., Pascali, M. P., Bronzetti, E., Amenta, F., … Cerbo, R. (2000). Migraine Patients Show an Increased Density of Dopamine D3 and D4 Receptors on Lymphocytes. Cephalalgia, 20(1), 15-19. doi:10.1046/j.1468-2982.2000.00001.xBarr, G. A., Sharpless, N. S., Cooper, S., Schiff, S. R., Paredes, W., & Bridger, W. H. (1983). Classical conditioning, decay and extinction of cocaine-induced hyperactivity and stereotypy. Life Sciences, 33(14), 1341-1351. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(83)90817-2Baumann, F. (1970). Hypnosis and the Adolescent Drug Abuser. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 13(1), 17-21. doi:10.1080/00029157.1970.10402074Bayot, A., Capafons, A., & Cardeña, E. (1997). Emotional Self-Regulation Therapy: A New and Efficacious Treatment for Smoking. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 40(2), 146-156. doi:10.1080/00029157.1997.10403418Berke, J. D., Paletzki, R. F., Aronson, G. J., Hyman, S. E., & Gerfen, C. R. (1998). A Complex Program of Striatal Gene Expression Induced by Dopaminergic Stimulation. The Journal of Neuroscience, 18(14), 5301-5310. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-14-05301.1998Blachly, P. H. (1971). An «Electric Needle» for Aversive Conditioning of the Needle Ritual. International Journal of the Addictions, 6(2), 327-328. doi:10.3109/10826087109057791Brown, E., Robertson, G., & Fibiger, H. (1992). Evidence for conditional neuronal activation following exposure to a cocaine-paired environment: role of forebrain limbic structures. The Journal of Neuroscience, 12(10), 4112-4121. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-10-04112.1992Caine, S., & Koob, G. (1993). Modulation of cocaine self-administration in the rat through D-3 dopamine receptors. Science, 260(5115), 1814-1816. doi:10.1126/science.8099761Capafons, A., & Amigoó, S. (1995). Emotional Self-Regulation Therapy for Smoking Reduction: Description and Initial Empirical Data. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 43(1), 7-19. doi:10.1080/00207149508409372Caselles, A., Micó, J. C., & Amigó, S. (2010). Cocaine addiction and personality: A mathematical model. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 63(2), 449-480. doi:10.1348/000711009x470768Caselles, A., Micó, J. C., & Amigó, S. (2011). Dynamics of the General Factor of Personality in Response to a Single Dose of Caffeine. The Spanish journal of psychology, 14(2), 675-692. doi:10.5209/rev_sjop.2011.v14.n2.16Comings, D., Gade-Andavolu, R., Gonzalez, N., Wu, S., Muhleman, D., Blake, H., … MacMurray, J. (2001). A multivariate analysis of 59 candidate genes in personality traits: the temperament and character inventory. Clinical Genetics, 58(5), 375-385. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0004.2000.580508.xCzermak, C., Lehofer, M., Renger, H., Wagner, E. M., Lemonis, L., Rohrhofer, A., … Liebmann, P. M. (2004). Dopamine receptor D3 mRNA expression in human lymphocytes is negatively correlated with the personality trait of persistence. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 150(1-2), 145-149. doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.01.009Daly, S. A., & Waddington, J. L. (1993). Behavioural effects of the putative D-3 dopamine receptor agonist 7-OH-DPAT in relation to other «D-2-like» agonists. Neuropharmacology, 32(5), 509-510. doi:10.1016/0028-3908(93)90177-5Gilbert, D. G., & Hagen, R. L. (1985). Electrodermal responses to movie stressors: Nicotine × extraversion interactions. Personality and Individual Differences, 6(5), 573-578. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(85)90006-6Gilbert, D. B., Millar, J., & Cooper, S. J. (1995). The putative dopamine D3 agonist, 7-OH-DPAT, reduces dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and electrical self-stimulation to the ventral tegmentum. Brain Research, 681(1-2), 1-7. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00247-nHastings, A. (2006). An Extended Nondrug MDMA-Like Experience Evoked Through Posthypnotic Suggestion. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 38(3), 273-283. doi:10.1080/02791072.2006.10399853Ilani, T., Ben-Shachar, D., Strous, R. D., Mazor, M., Sheinkman, A., Kotler, M., & Fuchs, S. (2001). A peripheral marker for schizophrenia: Increased levels of D3 dopamine receptor mRNA in blood lymphocytes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(2), 625-628. doi:10.1073/pnas.98.2.625Kollins, S. H., MacDonald, E. K., & Rush, C. R. (2001). Assessing the abuse potential of methylphenidate in nonhuman and human subjects: a review. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 68(3), 611-627. doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00464-6Lejeune, F., & Millan, M. J. (1995). Activation of dopamine D3 autoreceptors inhibits firing of ventral tegmental dopaminergic neurones in vivo. European Journal of Pharmacology, 275(3), R7-R9. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(95)00106-uLevant, B. (1998). Differential distribution of D3 dopamine receptors in the brains of several mammalian species. Brain Research, 800(2), 269-274. doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00529-0LEVINE, D. G. (1974). «Needle Freaks»: Compulsive Self-Injection Drug Users. American Journal of Psychiatry, 131(3), 297-300. doi:10.1176/ajp.131.3.297LYNCH, J. J., STEIN, E. A., & FERTZIGER, A. P. (1976). AN ANALYSIS OF 70 YEARS OF MORPHINE CLASSICAL CONDITIONING. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 163(1), 47-58. doi:10.1097/00005053-197607000-00007Merchant, K. M., Figur, L. M., & Evans, D. L. (1996). Induction of c-fos mRNA in Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex by Antipsychotic Drugs: Role of Dopamine D2 and D3 Receptors. Cerebral Cortex, 6(4), 561-570. doi:10.1093/cercor/6.4.561Muntaner, C., Cascella, N. G., Kumor, K. M., Nagoshi, C., Herning, R., & Jaffe, J. (1989). Placebo responses to cocaine administration in humans: effects of prior administrations and verbal instructions. Psychopharmacology, 99(2), 282-286. doi:10.1007/bf00442823Musek, J. (2007). A general factor of personality: Evidence for the Big One in the five-factor model. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(6), 1213-1233. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2007.02.003Nagai, Y., Ueno, S., Saeki, Y., Soga, F., Hirano, M., & Yanagihara, T. (1996). Decrease of the D3 dopamine receptor mRNA expression in lymphocytes from patients with Parkinson’s disease. Neurology, 46(3), 791-795. doi:10.1212/wnl.46.3.791Neisewander, J. L., Baker, D. A., Fuchs, R. A., Tran-Nguyen, L. T. L., Palmer, A., & Marshall, J. F. (2000). Fos Protein Expression and Cocaine-Seeking Behavior in Rats after Exposure to a Cocaine Self-Administration Environment. The Journal of Neuroscience, 20(2), 798-805. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-02-00798.2000IMissbrandt, H., Ekman, A., Eriksson, E., & Heilig, M. (1995). Dopamine D3 receptor antisense influences dopamine synthesis in rat brain. NeuroReport, 6(3), 573-576. doi:10.1097/00001756-199502000-00041O’BRIEN, C. P., CHILDRESS, A. R., McLELLAN, A. T., & EHRMAN, R. (1992). Classical Conditioning in Drug-Dependent Humans. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 654(1 The Neurobiol), 400-415. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb25984.xO’Brien, C. P., Nace, E. P., Mintz, J., Meyers, A. L., & Ream, N. (1980). Follow-up of Vietnam veterans. I. relapse to drug use after Vietnam service. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 5(5), 333-340. doi:10.1016/0376-8716(80)90159-3Pilla, M., Perachon, S., Sautel, F., Garrido, F., Mann, A., Wermuth, C. G., … Sokoloff, P. (1999). Selective inhibition of cocaine-seeking behaviour by a partial dopamine D3 receptor agonist. Nature, 400(6742), 371-375. doi:10.1038/22560Post, R. M., Lockfeld, A., Squillace, K. M., & Contel, N. R. (1981). Drug-environment interaction: Context dependency of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization. Life Sciences, 28(7), 755-760. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(81)90157-0Ricci, A., Bronzetti, E., Mignini, F., Tayebati, S. K., Zaccheo, D., & Amenta, F. (1999). Dopamine D1-like receptor subtypes in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 96(2), 234-240. doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00042-9Schiltz, C. A., Kelley, A. E., & Landry, C. F. (2005). Contextual cues associated with nicotine administration increasearcmRNA expression in corticolimbic areas of the rat brain. European Journal of Neuroscience, 21(6), 1703-1711. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04001.xSchutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Segrera, E., Wolf, A., & Rodgers, L. (2003). States reflecting the Big Five dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 34(4), 591-603. doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00031-4Smith, B. D., Rockwell-Tischer, S., & Davidson, R. (1986). Extraversion and arousal: Effects of attentional conditions on electrodermal activity. Personality and Individual Differences, 7(3), 293-303. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(86)90004-8Stewart, J., de Wit, H., & Eikelboom, R. (1984). Role of unconditioned and conditioned drug effects in the self-administration of opiates and stimulants. Psychological Review, 91(2), 251-268. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.91.2.251Strange, P. G. (1993). New insights into dopamine receptors in the central nervous system. Neurochemistry International, 22(3), 223-236. doi:10.1016/0197-0186(93)90050-fSuzuki, M., Hurd, Y. L., Sokoloff, P., Schwartz, J.-C., & Sedvall, G. (1998). D3 dopamine receptor mRNA is widely expressed in the human brain. Brain Research, 779(1-2), 58-74. doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)01078-0Takahashi, N., Nagai, Y., Ueno, S., Saeki, Y., & Yanagihara, T. (1992). Human peripheral blood lymphocytes express D5 dopamine receptor gene and transcribe the two pseudogenes. FEBS Letters, 314(1), 23-25. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(92)81452-rTorres, G., & Rivier, C. (1994). Induction of c-fos in rat brain by acute cocaine and fenfluramine exposure: a comparison study. Brain Research, 647(1), 1-9. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91391-9Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J. S., Gatley, S. J., Logan, J., Ding, Y.-S., … Pappas, N. (1998). Dopamine Transporter Occupancies in the Human Brain Induced by Therapeutic Doses of Oral Methylphenidate. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(10), 1325-1331. doi:10.1176/ajp.155.10.1325Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J. S., Telang, F., Maynard, L., Logan, J., … Swanson, J. M. (2004). Evidence That Methylphenidate Enhances the Saliency of a Mathematical Task by Increasing Dopamine in the Human Brain. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(7), 1173-1180. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.7.1173Vorel, S. R., Ashby, C. R., Paul, M., Liu, X., Hayes, R., Hagan, J. J., … Gardner, E. L. (2002). Dopamine D3Receptor Antagonism Inhibits Cocaine-Seeking and Cocaine-Enhanced Brain Reward in Rats. The Journal of Neuroscience, 22(21), 9595-9603. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-21-09595.2002Yano, M., & Steiner, H. (2004). Topography of Methylphenidate (Ritalin)-Induced Gene Regulation in the Striatum: Differential Effects on c-Fos, Substance P and Opioid Peptides. Neuropsychopharmacology, 30(5), 901-915. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.130061

Masculinity Ideology and Forgiveness of Racial Discrimination among African American Men: Direct and Interactive Relationships

Forgiveness research has focused almost exclusively on interpersonal transgressions committed in close relationships. Consequently, less is known about factors informing forgiveness of non-intimate actors. The current study addresses these gaps by investigating correlates of forgiveness over racial discrimination among African American men (N=171). Specifically, we explore relationships between the endorsement of traditional masculine ideology (e.g., restrictive emotionality), overall forgiveness, forgiveness with positive affect, and forgiveness with the absence of negative affect. Links between personality, religiosity, social support, discrimination experiences, and these forms of forgiveness also are examined. Restrictive emotionality emerged as a barrier to forgiveness of discrimination. However, the relationship between restrictive emotionality and forgiveness was moderated by age, socioeconomic status, personality, and religious coping disposition

A procedure for the estimation over time of metabolic fluxes in scenarios where measurements are uncertain and/or insufficient

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>An indirect approach is usually used to estimate the metabolic fluxes of an organism: couple the available measurements with known biological constraints (e.g. stoichiometry). Typically this estimation is done under a static point of view. Therefore, the fluxes so obtained are only valid while the environmental conditions and the cell state remain stable. However, estimating the evolution over time of the metabolic fluxes is valuable to investigate the dynamic behaviour of an organism and also to monitor industrial processes. Although Metabolic Flux Analysis can be successively applied with this aim, this approach has two drawbacks: i) sometimes it cannot be used because there is a lack of measurable fluxes, and ii) the uncertainty of experimental measurements cannot be considered. The Flux Balance Analysis could be used instead, but the assumption of optimal behaviour of the organism brings other difficulties.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We propose a procedure to estimate the evolution of the metabolic fluxes that is structured as follows: 1) measure the concentrations of extracellular species and biomass, 2) convert this data to measured fluxes and 3) estimate the non-measured fluxes using the Flux Spectrum Approach, a variant of Metabolic Flux Analysis that overcomes the difficulties mentioned above without assuming optimal behaviour. We apply the procedure to a real problem taken from the literature: estimate the metabolic fluxes during a cultivation of CHO cells in batch mode. We show that it provides a reliable and rich estimation of the non-measured fluxes, thanks to considering measurements uncertainty and reversibility constraints. We also demonstrate that this procedure can estimate the non-measured fluxes even when there is a lack of measurable species. In addition, it offers a new method to deal with inconsistency.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This work introduces a procedure to estimate time-varying metabolic fluxes that copes with the insufficiency of measured species and with its intrinsic uncertainty. The procedure can be used as an off-line analysis of previously collected data, providing an insight into the dynamic behaviour of the organism. It can be also profitable to the on-line monitoring of a running process, mitigating the traditional lack of reliable on-line sensors in industrial environments.</p

Ambivalence toward men: comparing sexism among Polish, South African and British university students

This study extends the literature on attitudes toward gender roles by exploring whether the nature of sexism (i.e., benevolence and hostility directed at men) differs among university students from two under-researched countries, Poland (n = 190) and South Africa (n = 188), in a comparison with students in the United Kingdom (n = 166). Based on empirical literature applying Ambivalent Sexism Theory, and in the light of the socio-political context, it was hypothesized that: (1) both hostile and benevolent attitudes toward men in Poland would be more liberal than in South Africa and more conservative than in the United Kingdom, and (2), women would exhibit more hostile but less benevolent attitudes than men in relatively more conservative South Africa. The Ambivalence to Men Inventory was used to measure the two types of sexist attitudes about men. Findings supported the first hypothesis for hostile attitudes and partially for benevolent attitudes. South African and Polish students were more benevolent and hostile to men than British students, and students from South Africa were more hostile than those from Poland. Moreover, as predicted, a significant country-by-gender interaction revealed that South African women had more hostile and less benevolent attitudes to men than South African men. No such gender gap was present in the case of hostile attitudes in Poland and benevolent attitudes in the United Kingdom. Findings are discussed in terms of Ambivalent Sexism Theory and the countries’ socio-cultural context