Mapeando la comunicación del conocimiento agrícola, una aplicación del análisis de redes sociales

La comunicación del conocimiento científico es parte fundamental del progreso de la ciencia y vital para la sociedad moderna. Así, las conferencias y congresos científicos son espacios cruciales para estos procesos de comunicación. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la comunicación de trabajos científicos en un congreso agrícola; de tal forma que se añade conocimiento a la literatura en tres vertientes: uso de datos, aplicación metodológica y evidencia empírica. Para hacer esto, analizamos 316 títulos de ponencias presentadas a lo largo de cinco años. Usamos dos enfoques metodológicos: data-mining y análisis de redes sociales (ARS). Los resultados muestran que en los 316 títulos se han utilizado 1,093 términos diferentes, siguiendo una distribución power-law. A través de una red de bi-gramas, se encontró que estos términos están unidos por 1,847 relaciones dirigidas. Además, con el ARS se identificaron las palabras más importantes según distintos indicadores. Se concluye que la información existente en los archivos de congresos científicos es rica en contenido y puede ser útil para encontrar brechas de conocimiento. Además, los enfoques utilizados se complementan entre sí. Este artículo proporciona evidencia técnica y empírica sobre el campo del network mining

Effect of confinement by SARS-CoV-2 on the degree of steatohepatitis in university students from Reynosa, Tamaulipas

Introduction: Healthy lifestyles are relevant for several diseases, steatohepatitis, although little known, is common in young people. There are reasons to be concerned about homebound college youth who are at risk for steatohepatitis. By restricting the mobility of the population, the risk factors for weight gain and the intake of calorie-dense foods increase, which are elements associated with steatohepatitis. Objective: To determine the effect of confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic on the degree of steatohepatitis by comparing transient elastography results taken before and after confinement. Method: Longitudinal study. A sample of 114 young university students of random sex was included. The transient elastography technique (FibroScan) was implemented, determining the degrees of steatosis and hepatic fibrosis by performing the test before and after the confinement of the participants. Student´s t-test was used to analyse the differences in the degrees of steatohepatitis before and after confinement. Results: the degrees of steatosis during the first sampling were S0 (52.6%), S1 (14.9%), S2 (5.3%) and S3 (27.2%) (m = 250.89, DE= ± 56.91), in the second sampling were presented S0 (56.1%), S1 (13.2%), S2 (5.3%) and S3 (5.4%) (m = 243.81, DE = ± 52.330), the relation of both samples was (p = 0.131). The results in the degrees of fibrosis in the first sampling were F0 (91.4%), F1 (6.1%). F2 (2.6%) (m= 4.80, DE = ±1.11), in the second F1 (95.6%), F2 (3.5) and F2 (0.9%) (m = 4.33, DE = ±1.16) and the relation of the two sampling was (p= 0.000). Conclusions: The degrees of hepatic fibrosis presented significant changes, on the other hand, steatosis tends to decrease, but the change is not significant, however, it is necessary to investigate with third variables to detect other factors involved in the changes

Prevalencia estacionaria de sobrepeso y obesidad en universitarios del sur de Veracruz, México

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad al ingreso a la universidad y su relación con factores sociodemográficos en estudiantes. Material y métodos: El estudio incluyó a 5 071 estudiantes a los que se realizó antropometría, se determinó colesterol total y se les solicitó información sociodemográfica. Los grupos de estudiantes se muestrearon al comienzo del año escolar a partir de 2001 y hasta 2005. Resultados: La ocurrencia de sobrepeso y obesidad fue de 21.3% y 8.3% respectivamente. No hubo diferencias entre las prevalencias anuales o quinquenal. Doce por ciento presentó hipercolesterolemia. Ser varón, urbano e hipercolesterolémico se vinculó significativamente con sobrepeso y obesidad (p < 0.001). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad se ha mantenido, lo que difiere de lo informado a nivel internacional y el factor sociodemográfico que más se asoció a la obesidad, fue el de vivir en la ciudad y ser hombre

Clinical practice guideline for psychooncologic diagnosis and treatment of primary caregivers of cancer patients

Introducción: Los cuidadores primarios representan un papel crucial en la atención de los pacientes con cáncer, lo que comúnmente representan tareas complejas de cuidado. Los cuidadores de los pacientes pueden experimentar diversas afectaciones físicas y psicológicas, así como un funcionamiento social deficiente.Objetivo: Proporcionar a los servicios de psicooncología un algoritmo con los elementos suficientes que faciliten el diagnóstico y tratamiento psicosocial de cuidadores primarios de pacientes con cáncer. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en PsycInfo, LatinIndex y Medline en el período de 2005-2014.Resultados: El presente algoritmo se divide en dos momentos clave: 1). Evaluación y 2). Tratamiento del cuidador primario. Los instrumentos más empleados para ansiedad y depresión son: CES-D, BDI, IDARE, HADS y POMS. Para carga el ECCZ y CRA; las intervenciones psico-educativa, capacitación y orientación terapéutica presentan efectos benéficos para esta población.Conclusiones: El algoritmo ofrece un proceso de toma de decisiones para el diagnóstico y tratamiento psicooncológico del cuidador primario informal.Introduction: The primary caregivers play a crucial role in the care of cancer patients, which commonly represent complex care tasks. Caregivers of patients may experience various physical and psychological effects, and poor social functioning.Objective: To provide at psychooncology services of an algorithm with sufficient elements for diagnosis and psychosocial treatment of primary caregivers of patients with cancer elements. Method: A literature search in PsycInfo, Medline LatinIndex in the period of 2005 to 2014.Results: This algorithm is divided into two key points: 1) Evaluation and 2) Treatment of primary caregiver. More used instruments are CES-D, BDI, IDARE, HADS and POMS. For Burden ECCZ and CRA; the psycho-educational interventions, training and therapeutic orientation have beneficial effects for this population.Conclusions: The algorithm provides a process of decision making for the diagnosis and psychooncologic treatment of the primary caregiver

ANÁLISIS DE USO DE LA REALIDAD AUMENTADA EN AGENCIAS PUBLICITARIAS DE LA ZONA SUR DE TAMAULIPAS (ANALYSIS OF USE OF AUGMENTED REALITY IN ADVERTISING AGENCIES OF THE SOUTH ZONE OF TAMAULIPAS)

Resumen Las tecnologías agregadas en los equipos móviles han emprendido una nueva manera de percibir la mercadotecnia a través de nuevos emblemas, con base en los dispositivos inteligentes y tablets, los cuales son muy habituales entre la sociedad ya que se han vuelto una obligación en el tema de comunicación, apoyo necesario en el trabajo y en diferentes aspectos de la vida diaria. Una de las operaciones que se pueden efectuar con estos aparatos, es la mercadotecnia, y para ello se ha recurrido a las agencias de publicitarias las cuales son, con mayor periodicidad quienes utilizan las nuevas tecnologías para estar al día y continuar en la competencia en el mercado de la publicidad. La Realidad Aumentada (RA), es una herramienta más a la que se recurrirá por las empresas en la promoción de los productos que venden. Así mismo, algunas agencias de publicidad han iniciado la tarea desarrollar y aplicar la Realidad Aumentada para exponer de diferente forma las cualidades y características de los productos ofertados desde una perspectiva tridimensional, ofreciendo atributos y enfoques diferentes de los productos. Esta investigación, tiene como objetivo conocer el grado de uso de la Realidad Aumentada en agencias de publicidad ubicadas en la zona sur del estado de Tamaulipas. La metodología utilizada está basada en la aplicación estadística que permitirá determinar el nivel de uso de la Realidad Aumentada por agencias publicitarias utilizando marcadores, sin el uso de marcadores y por geolocalización. Palabra(s) Clave: Publicidad, realidad aumentada, tabletas electrónicas, teléfonos inteligentes, Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación. Abstract The aggregate technologies in mobile equipment have undertaken a new way of perceiving marketing through new emblems, based on smart devices and tablets, which are very common among society as they have become an obligation in the area of communication, necessary support at work and in different aspects of daily life. One of the operations that can be carried out with these devices is marketing, and for this purpose, advertising agencies have been used which are, more frequently, those who use the new technologies to keep up to date and continue in the competition in the advertising market Augmented Reality (RA) is another tool to use it for companies in the promotion of the products they sell. Likewise, some advertising agencies have started the task of developing and applying Augmented Reality to expose in different ways the qualities and characteristics of the products offered from a three-dimensional perspective, offering different attributes and approaches to the products. This research aims to know the degree of use of Augmented Reality in advertising agencies located in the southern zone of the state of Tamaulipas. The methodology used is based on the statistical application that will determine the level of use of Augmented Reality by advertising agencies using markers, without the use of markers and geolocation. Keywords: Advertising, Augmented Reality, Electronic Tablets, Smartphones, Information and Communication Technologies

Cost-effectiveness of multicomponent interventions in type 2 diabetes mellitus in a cluster randomised controlled trial: the INDICA study

Objective: To analyse the cost-effectiveness of multicomponent interventions designed to improve outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in primary care in the Canary Islands, Spain, within the INDICA randomised clinical trial, from the public health system perspective. Design: An economic evaluation was conducted for the within-trial period (2 years) comparing the four arms of the INDICA study. Setting: Primary care in the Canary Islands, Spain. Participants: 2334 patients with T2DM without complications were included. Interventions: Interventions for patients (PTI), for primary care professionals (PFI), for both (combined intervention arm for patients and professionals, CBI) and usual care (UC) as a control group. Outcomes: The main outcome was the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-years (QALY). Only the intervention and the healthcare costs were included. Analysis: Multilevel models were used to estimate results, and to measure the size and significance of incremental changes. Missed values were treated by means of multiple imputations procedure. Results: There were no differences between arms in terms of costs (p=0.093), while some differences were observed in terms of QALYs after 2 years of follow-up (p=0.028). PFI and CBI arms were dominated by the other two arms, PTI and UC. The differences between the PTI and the UC arms were very small in terms of QALYs, but significant in terms of healthcare costs (p=0.045). The total cost of the PTI arm (€2571, 95% CI €2317 to €2826) was lower than the cost in the UC arm (€2750, 95% CI €2506 to €2995), but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Base case estimates of the incremental cost per QALY indicate that the PTI strategy was the cost-effective option. Conclusions: The INDICA intervention designed for patients with T2DM and families is likely to be cost-effective from the public healthcare perspective. A cost-effectiveness model should explore this in the long term.This study received financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), grants: ADE10/00032 and PI16/00769, jointly funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) ‘A way to make Europe’. The sponsor did not play any role in study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, drawing up of the report or the decision to submit the article for publication.S

Patient-reported outcome measures for knowledge transfer and behaviour modification interventions in type 2 diabetes-the INDICA study: a multiarm cluster randomised controlled trial

Objective: This study assesses the effectiveness of different interventions of knowledge transfer and behaviour modification to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus patients' (T2DM) reported outcomes measures (PROMs) in the long-term. Design: open, community-based pragmatic, multicentre, controlled trial with random allocation by clusters to usual care (UC) or to one of the three interventions. Participants: A total of 2334 patients with uncomplicated T2DM and 211 healthcare professionals were included of 32 primary care centres. Setting: Primary Care Centers in Canary Islands (Spain). Intervention: The intervention for patients (PTI) included an educational group programme, logs and a web-based platform for monitoring and automated short message service (SMS). The intervention for professionals (PFI) included an educational programme, a decision support tool embedded into the electronic clinical record and periodic feedback about patients' results. A third group received both PTI and PFI (combined intervention, CBI). Outcome measure: Cognitive-attitudinal, behavioural, affective and health-related quality of life (HQoL) variables. Results: Compared with UC at 24 months, the PTI group significantly improved knowledge (p=0.005), self-empowerment (p=0.002), adherence to dietary recommendations (p<0.001) and distress (p=0.01). The PFI group improved at 24 months in distress (p=0.03) and at 12 months there were improvements in depression (p=0.003), anxiety (p=0.05), HQoL (p=0.005) and self-empowerment (p<0.001). The CBI group improved at 24 months in self-empowerment (p=0.008) and adherence to dietary recommendations (p=0.004) and at 12 months in knowledge (p=0.008), depression (p=0.006), anxiety (p=0.003), distress (p=0.01), HQoL (p<0.001) and neuropathic symptoms (p=0.02). Statistically significant improvements were also observed at 24 months in the proportion of patients who quit smoking for PTI and CBI (41.5% in PTI and 42.3% in CBI vs 21.2% in the UC group). Conclusions: Assessed interventions to improve PROMs in T2DM attain effectiveness for knowledge, self-empowerment, distress, diet adherence and tobacco cessation. PTI produced the most lasting benefits. Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01657227 (6 August 2012) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01657227.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), grant number: ADE10/00032 and PI16/00769 co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) “A way to make Europe”.S

Guía de práctica clínica para la atención psico-oncológica del cuidador primario informal de pacientes con cáncer

Introducción: Los cuidadores primarios representan un papel crucial en la atención de los pacientes con cáncer, lo que comúnmente representan tareas complejas de cuidado. Los cuidadores de los pacientes pueden experimentar diversas afectaciones físicas y psicológicas, así como un funcionamiento social deficiente.Objetivo: Proporcionar a los servicios de psicooncología un algoritmo con los elementos suficientes que faciliten el diagnóstico y tratamiento psicosocial de cuidadores primarios de pacientes con cáncer. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en PsycInfo, LatinIndex y Medline en el período de 2005-2014.Resultados: El presente algoritmo se divide en dos momentos clave: 1). Evaluación y 2). Tratamiento del cuidador primario. Los instrumentos más empleados para ansiedad y depresión son: CES-D, BDI, IDARE, HADS y POMS. Para carga el ECCZ y CRA; las intervenciones psico-educativa, capacitación y orientación terapéutica presentan efectos benéficos para esta población.Conclusiones: El algoritmo ofrece un proceso de toma de decisiones para el diagnóstico y tratamiento psicooncológico del cuidador primario informal.</p

Specific Recognition of Influenza A/H1N1/2009 Antibodies in Human Serum: A Simple Virus-Free ELISA Method

Although it has been estimated that pandemic Influenza A H1N1/2009 has infected millions of people from April to October 2009, a more precise figure requires a worldwide large-scale diagnosis of the presence of Influenza A/H1N1/2009 antibodies within the population. Assays typically used to estimate antibody titers (hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization) would require the use of the virus, which would seriously limit broad implementation.An ELISA method to evaluate the presence and relative concentration of specific Influenza A/H1N1/2009 antibodies in human serum samples is presented. The method is based on the use of a histidine-tagged recombinant fragment of the globular region of the hemagglutinin (HA) of the Influenza A H1N1/2009 virus expressed in E. coli.The ELISA method consistently discerns between Inf A H1N1 infected and non-infected subjects, particularly after the third week of infection/exposure. Since it does not require the use of viral particles, it can be easily and quickly implemented in any basic laboratory. In addition, in a scenario of insufficient vaccine availability, the use of this ELISA could be useful to determine if a person has some level of specific antibodies against the virus and presumably at least partial protection

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation