Quadro epdiemiológico das mortes súbitas na infância em cidades gaúchas (Brasil)

All post-perinatal infant deaths occurring within a one-year period in 10 cities in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre included, were investigated in a case-control study. Seventy-two sudden infant deaths (SID) were identified through a complex monitoring system. These were investigated in detail through medical interviews with the children's parents and through the review of medical records. Such deaths were more common in males, during the first three months of life, and in the winter. The comparison of each case with two neighborhood control infants through multiple conditional logistic regression identified the following risk factors: low socio-economic level (measured by family income and maternal education), low birthweight, presence of other children in the household, low maternal age, maternal smoking, and mixed or artificial feeding. None of the 72 deaths had been certified as such by the physicians who filled in the death certificates, the majority of which referred to "bronchopneumonia" as the undereying cause.Foram investigados os óbitos infantis pós-perinatais ocorridos no período de um ano, em 10 cidades gaúchas, incluindo a região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, por meio de estudo de casos e controles. Setenta e duas mortes súbitas na infância (MSI) foram identificadas através de amplo sistema de monitorização de óbitos e investigadas em pormenores através de entrevistas médicas com os pais da criança e revisão de prontuários ambulatoriais e hospitalares. Os óbitos foram mais comuns em meninos, no primeiro trimestre de vida e durante o inverno. A comparação de cada caso de MSI com duas crianças-controle da mesma vizinhança, através de regressão logística condicional múltipla, identificou os seguintes fatores de risco: baixo nível socioeconômico (medido através da renda familiar e da escolaridade materna), baixo peso ao nascer, presença de outras crianças no domicílio, mães jovens e fumantes e aleitamento misto ou artificial. Nenhuma das 72 MSI foi reconhecida como tal pelos médicos que preencheram os atestados de óbito, sendo as mesmas atribuídas predominantemente a "broncopneumonias"

PIRATA: A Sustained Observing System for Tropical Atlantic Climate Research and Forecasting

Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) is a multinational program initiated in 1997 in the tropical Atlantic to improve our understanding and ability to predict ocean-atmosphere variability. PIRATA consists of a network of moored buoys providing meteorological and oceanographic data transmitted in real time to address fundamental scientific questions as well as societal needs. The network is maintained through dedicated yearly cruises, which allow for extensive complementary shipboard measurements and provide platforms for deployment of other components of the Tropical Atlantic Observing System. This paper describes network enhancements, scientific accomplishments and successes obtained from the last 10 years of observations, and additional results enabled by cooperation with other national and international programs. Capacity building activities and the role of PIRATA in a future Tropical Atlantic Observing System that is presently being optimized are also described

Quadro epdiemiológico das mortes súbitas na infância em cidades gaúchas (Brasil) Epidemiology of sudden infant deaths in cities of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A comparative study of cases and controls

Foram investigados os óbitos infantis pós-perinatais ocorridos no período de um ano, em 10 cidades gaúchas, incluindo a região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, por meio de estudo de casos e controles. Setenta e duas mortes súbitas na infância (MSI) foram identificadas através de amplo sistema de monitorização de óbitos e investigadas em pormenores através de entrevistas médicas com os pais da criança e revisão de prontuários ambulatoriais e hospitalares. Os óbitos foram mais comuns em meninos, no primeiro trimestre de vida e durante o inverno. A comparação de cada caso de MSI com duas crianças-controle da mesma vizinhança, através de regressão logística condicional múltipla, identificou os seguintes fatores de risco: baixo nível socioeconômico (medido através da renda familiar e da escolaridade materna), baixo peso ao nascer, presença de outras crianças no domicílio, mães jovens e fumantes e aleitamento misto ou artificial. Nenhuma das 72 MSI foi reconhecida como tal pelos médicos que preencheram os atestados de óbito, sendo as mesmas atribuídas predominantemente a "broncopneumonias".All post-perinatal infant deaths occurring within a one-year period in 10 cities in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre included, were investigated in a case-control study. Seventy-two sudden infant deaths (SID) were identified through a complex monitoring system. These were investigated in detail through medical interviews with the children's parents and through the review of medical records. Such deaths were more common in males, during the first three months of life, and in the winter. The comparison of each case with two neighborhood control infants through multiple conditional logistic regression identified the following risk factors: low socio-economic level (measured by family income and maternal education), low birthweight, presence of other children in the household, low maternal age, maternal smoking, and mixed or artificial feeding. None of the 72 deaths had been certified as such by the physicians who filled in the death certificates, the majority of which referred to "bronchopneumonia" as the undereying cause

El Pueblo Español : diario democrático de la tarde: Año II Número 468 Edición Primera edición - 1877 Abril 24

Foram investigados os óbitos infantis pós-perinatais ocorridos no período de um ano, em 10 cidades gaúchas, incluindo a região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, por meio de estudo de casos e controles. Setenta e duas mortes súbitas na infância (MSI) foram identificadas através de amplo sistema de monitorização de óbitos e investigadas em pormenores através de entrevistas médicas com os pais da criança e revisão de prontuários ambulatoriais e hospitalares. Os óbitos foram mais comuns em meninos, no primeiro trimestre de vida e durante o inverno. A comparação de cada caso de MSI com duas crianças-controle da mesma vizinhança, através de regressão logística condicional múltipla, identificou os seguintes fatores de risco: baixo nível socioeconômico (medido através da renda familiar e da escolaridade materna), baixo peso ao nascer, presença de outras crianças no domicílio, mães jovens e fumantes e aleitamento misto ou artificial. Nenhuma das 72 MSI foi reconhecida como tal pelos médicos que preencheram os atestados de óbito, sendo as mesmas atribuídas predominantemente a "broncopneumonias".All post-perinatal infant deaths occurring within a one-year period in 10 cities in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre included, were investigated in a case-control study. Seventy-two sudden infant deaths (SID) were identified through a complex monitoring system. These were investigated in detail through medical interviews with the children's parents and through the review of medical records. Such deaths were more common in males, during the first three months of life, and in the winter. The comparison of each case with two neighborhood control infants through multiple conditional logistic regression identified the following risk factors: low socio-economic level (measured by family income and maternal education), low birthweight, presence of other children in the household, low maternal age, maternal smoking, and mixed or artificial feeding. None of the 72 deaths had been certified as such by the physicians who filled in the death certificates, the majority of which referred to "bronchopneumonia" as the undereying cause

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data