An Exploration of 1st and 2nd Generation CPTED for End of Year School Leavers at Rottnest Island

The end-of-year post exam celebrations for Year 12 secondary school students presents a unique crime prevention proposition in Australia each year. Students of approximately 17 years of age congregate in a variety of locations in large groups known as ‘Leavers’. Traditionally a number of \u27rite of passage\u27 activities, fuelled by additional factors such as alcohol, drugs and peer pressure, have resulted in an increased risk of crime and anti-social behaviour. This paper examines mitigation strategies aligned with Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) when placed at an event. Using the annual Leavers cohort at Rottnest Island, W.A., a number of 1st and 2nd generation CPTED instruments are discussed and evaluated. The additional isolation factor of the island highlights the value of 2nd generation social cohesion and its likely impact in reducing a number of crime-related social issues. The paper concludes that increased 2nd generation CPTED treatments significantly improve crime reduction and fear of crime in temporary locations when used for mass gatherings at events

An exploration of 1st and 2nd generation CPTED for end of year school leavers at Rottnest Island

The end-of-year post exam celebrations for Year 12 secondary school students presents a unique crime prevention proposition in Australia each year. Students of approximately 17 years of age congregate in a variety of locations in large groups known as ‘Leavers’. Traditionally a number of \u27rite of passage\u27 activities, fuelled by additional factors such as alcohol, drugs and peer pressure, have resulted in an increased risk of crime and anti-social behaviour. This paper examines mitigation strategies aligned with Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) when placed at an event. Using the annual Leavers cohort at Rottnest Island, W.A., a number of 1st and 2nd generation CPTED instruments are discussed and evaluated. The additional isolation factor of the island highlights the value of 2nd generation social cohesion and its likely impact in reducing a number of crime-related social issues. The paper concludes that increased 2nd generation CPTED treatments significantly improve crime reduction and fear of crime in temporary locations when used for mass gatherings at events

Persistent Luminescence Nanosensors: A Generalized Optode-based Platform for Autofluorescence-free Sensing in Biological Systems

Fluorescent nanosensors have drastically progressed our ability to accelerate diagnostics and quantify cellular dynamics in real time. Their modular assembly allows for facile sensor tuning, leading to a large expansion of analytes and systems that can be analyzed. Still, separating sensor signals from background optical signatures remains a major hurdle in the field. Exploiting this modular synthesis, we merged optode-based sensing with near-infrared emitting ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) to create functional nanocompo- sites for autofluorescence-free “glow-in-the-dark” sensing. We hydrophobically modified the PLNP surface with covalently bound ligands and incorporated the PLNPs into the polymeric core of optode-based nanoparticles. We demonstrate persistent luminescence nanosensors (PLNs) for five different analytes (K+, Na+, Ca2+, pH, and O2) based on two different sensing mechanisms. The PLNs allowed us to achieve autofluorescence-free quantification of K+ in fetal bovine serum and ratiometric metabolic monitoring of microbial samples with time-resolved luminescence acquisition. We foresee that this approach will allow for high signal-to-noise ratios while sensing in optically challenging samples