39 research outputs found
Perfil epidemiolĂłgico dos fatores de risco para hipertensĂŁo e diabetes em idosos na regiĂŁo centro-oeste entre janeiro de 2003 e abril de 2013 / Epidemiological profile of risk factors for hypertension and diabetes in the elderly in the mid-western region between january 2003 and april 2013
O processo de envelhecimento populacional aumenta de forma exponencial e esse curso com os fatores de risco envolvendo a gĂŞnese das Doenças CrĂ´nicas NĂŁo TransmissĂveis (DCNT), dentre elas destacam-se a hipertensĂŁo arterial sistĂŞmica e diabetes mellitus, sendo esses grandes problemas de saĂşde pĂşblica do paĂs: Foi realizado um estudo epidemiolĂłgico transversal e descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, sobre hipertensĂŁo e diabetes em idosos (maiores de 60 anos atĂ© 80 +) entre janeiro de 2003 e abril de 2013 na regiĂŁo Centro-Oeste, que está composta pelos seguintes estados: Goiás (GO), Mato Grosso (MT), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) e o Distrito Federal (DF); por meio do HipertensĂŁo e Diabetes (HIPERDIA) do Sistema EpidemiolĂłgicas e Morbidade no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Ăšnico de SaĂşde do Brasil (DATASUS). A amostra colhida, a partir da população idosa, mostrou os coeficientes de prevalĂŞncia de hipertensĂŁo com diabetes, segundo sexo e faixa etária, visto que Ă© imprescindĂvel salientar que entre todos os estados avaliados foi possĂvel perceber que a maior prevalĂŞncia no sexo feminino (64,32%) em detrimento do masculino (35,68%). Em relação Ă faixa etária, o perfil predominante foram os intervalos etários de 60 a 64 anos (31, 05%) e 65 a 69 anos (27,08%). Observou-se a seguinte disposição dos fatores de risco na população idosa da RegiĂŁo Centro-Oeste durante janeiro de 2003 a abril 2013: sedentarismo com 31.718 casos, que alcançou o maior nĂşmero de notificações; sobrepeso com 30.055; tabagismo com 12.497; doença renal com 8.596; outras doenças coronarianas com 7.582; acidente vascular cerebral 7.170; e infarto agudo do miocárdio com 7.105, que obteve o menor nĂşmero de casos. É imperioso que medidas de profilaxia sejam propostas com maior ĂŞnfase juntamente ao desenvolvimento de polĂticas pĂşblicas voltadas a essa temática em conjunto ao aperfeiçoamento das que já existem. As quais podem ser desenvolvidas mediante a implementação de ações voltadas a diligĂŞncias e orientações de cunho educativo para evidenciar a importância da adesĂŁo ao tratamento e da manutenção de práticas que fortaleçam a preservação da qualidade de vida do grupo supramencionado
"Mini-hospital Veterinário"
O objetivo Ă© transmitir de forma lĂşdica os conhecimentos de guarda responsável, cuidados com os animais e zoonoses ao pĂşblico infantil. Esse projeto Ă© articulado atravĂ©s de modelos didáticos, que simulam um animal domĂ©stico ou selvagem, para que as crianças tenham contato direto com os problemas rotineiros que os afetam, e as possĂveis soluções que devem ser tomadas para o bem estar do animal. SĂŁo simulados alguns ambientes internos do hospital veterinário (por isso o apelido "mini-hospital veterinário"), como o setor de isolamento de doenças infecciosas, o setor de cirurgia, o setor de clĂnica mĂ©dica, e um laboratĂłrio para realização de exames. As crianças tĂŞm participação direta na execução das tarefas e resolução dos problemas. Os participantes sĂŁo divididos em grupos de 5 e as atividades sĂŁo posicionadas de um modo que possa ser realizado um rodĂzio adequado para a resolução dos casos clĂnicos. Para que o rodĂzio ocorra como planejado, Ă© fornecida para as crianças uma ficha de controle de atividades. Os modelos didáticos foram confeccionados pelos alunos do projeto. Para as crianças se sentirem como mĂ©dicos veterinários foram tambĂ©m confeccionadas vestimentas em TNT, e sĂŁo utilizadas toucas e máscaras descartáveis e luvas de procedimento. A maioria das crianças que participam se mostra muito empolgada e, durante cada atividade, surgem diversas perguntas por parte delas, mostrando que o interesse pelo tema Ă© despertado. Com os ensinamentos ao pĂşblico infantil, alĂ©m de garantir uma geração mais consciente e madura a respeito dos temas abordados, Ă© possĂvel melhorar a conduta de quem realmente pode mudar o presente, os adultos, pois as crianças transmitem o que aprendem a seus familiares. Os professores dessas crianças, mesmo nĂŁo sendo o pĂşblico alvo, tambĂ©m se interessam em aprender, pois muitos dos temas sĂŁo importantes e de baixa divulgação popular. Ao fim, a análise da Ăşltima atividade proposta, que consiste na pergunta sobre o que elas mais gostaram e na elaboração de um desenho, possibilita perceber o que mais chama a atenção do pĂşblico alvo, que sĂŁo as atividades com mais atrativos, ou seja, que permitem maior participação ativa. Assim, podemos melhorar nossos modelos e a forma como os conceitos sĂŁo transmitidos, a cada grupo de crianças que participa. O objetivo de se colocar esta atividade no REA Ă© o "Mini-hospital" possa servir de base para outras Universidades que queiram desenvolver projetos semelhantes
Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4
While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge
of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In
the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of
Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus
crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced
environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian
Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by
2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status,
much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost
An overview of recent taxonomic studies on Euphorbiaceae s.l. in Brazil
The Euphorbiaceae sensu lato are distributed mainly in the tropics, in various types of vegetation and habitats, being one of the largest, most complex and diverse families of angiosperms. It has recently been divided into four families, according to classification systems based on molecular phylogeny: Euphorbiaceae sensu stricto, Phyllanthaceae, Putranjivaceae, and Picrodendraceae. There is a proposition to establish Peraceae still under discussion. There were also changes in the taxonomic position of genera widely distributed in the Brazilian territory, such as Amanoa, Drypetes, Pera, Phyllanthus, Podocalyx, Pogonophora, and Richeria, among others. In addition, new species have been proposed and the limits of taxa distribution are expanding in Brazil. Thus, the authors provide an overview of recent studies and advances in the taxonomy of Euphorbiaceae s.l. in the Northern, Northeastern, Southeastern and Southern regions of Brazil, concentrating on review works and regional floras, as well as the changes that resulted in setting a new taxonomic family
Discovery of Backusella paraconstricta sp. nov. (Mucorales, Mucoromycota) in an upland forest in northeastern Brazil with an identification key for Backusella from the Americas
Abstract During a survey of mucoralean fungi in soil from an upland forest area located in Pernambuco, Brazil, a strain of Backusella (URM 8637) was isolated. Based on morphological, physiological, and molecular data [internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA regions], it was recognized that this Backusella differed from all other species in the genus. Morphologically, the new species is characterized as forming varied-shaped columellae, including elongated, basally constricted, unisporate (rare) and multisporate sporangiola, and ellipsoidal sporangiospores. The maximum temperature growth of URM 8637 on malt extract agar and potato dextrose agar was 36 °C. In the phylogram, it was closely related to B. constricta. Based on the evidence from the analyzed datasets, a new species of Backusella is proposed. An updated identification key for Backusella from the Americas is provided
Effects of manipulating the duration and intensity of aerobic training sessions on the physical performance of rats
<div><p>This study investigated the effects of manipulating the load components of aerobic training sessions on the physical performance of rats. To achieve this purpose, adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: an untrained control (CON) group and training groups with a predominant overload in intensity (INT) or duration (DUR) or alternating and similar overloads in intensity and duration (ID). Prior to, during, and after 8 weeks of the control or training protocols, the performance of the rats (evaluated by their workload) was determined during fatiguing, incremental-speed treadmill running. Two additional incremental running tests were performed prior to and at the end of the protocols to measure the peak rate of oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2peak</sub>). As expected, the rats in the trained groups exhibited increased performance, whereas the untrained rats showed stable performance throughout the 8 weeks. Notably, the performance gain exhibited by the DUR rats reached a plateau after the 4<sup>th</sup> week. This plateau was not present in the INT or ID rats, which exhibited increased performance at the end of training protocol compared with the DUR rats. None of the training protocols changed the VO<sub>2peak</sub> values; however, these values were attained at faster speeds, which indicated increased running economy. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the training protocols improved the physical performance of rats, likely resulting from enhanced running economy. Furthermore, compared with overload in duration, overload in the intensity of training sessions was more effective at inducing performance improvements across the 8 weeks of the study.</p></div