243 research outputs found
Wealth and inequality gradients for the detection and control of hypertension in older individuals in middle-income economies around 2007-2015
Socioeconomic inequalities in the detection and treatment of non-communicable diseases represent a challenge for healthcare systems in middle-income countries (MICs) in the context of population ageing. This challenge is particularly pressing regarding hypertension due to its increasing prevalence among older individuals in MICs, especially among those with lower socioeconomic status (SES). Using comparative data for China, Colombia, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa, we systematically assess the association between SES, measured in the form of a wealth index, and hypertension detection and control around the years 2007-15. Furthermore, we determine what observable factors, such as socio-demographic and health characteristics, explain existing SES-related inequalities in hypertension detection and control using a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition. Results show that the prevalence of undetected hypertension is significantly associated with lower SES. For uncontrolled hypertension, there is evidence of a significant gradient in three of the six countries at the time the data were collected. Differences between rural and urban areas as well as lower and higher educated individuals account for the largest proportion of SES-inequalities in hypertension detection and control at the time. Improved access to primary healthcare in MICs since then may have contributed to a reduction in health inequalities in detection and treatment of hypertension. However, whether this indeed has been the case remains to be investigated
Large scale emergent properties of an autocatalytic reaction-diffusion model subject to noise
The non-equilibrium dynamic fluctuations of a stochastic version of the
Gray-Scott (GS) model are studied analytically in leading order in perturbation
theory by means of the dynamic renormalization group. There is an attracting
stable fixed point at one-loop order, and the asymptotic scaling of the
correlation functions is predicted for both spatial and temporally correlated
noise sources. New effective three-body reaction terms, not present in the
original GS model, are induced by the combined interplay of the fluctuations
and nonlinearities.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure
Axiomatización de lógicas monadicas con varios cuantificadores cardinales
Se axiomatizan las lógicas que resultan de añadira la lógica monadica de primer orden varios cuantificadores cardinales 2∝ (existen al menos W∝… ). La completitud de los sistemas se obtiene via formas normales, las cuales permiten también dar sencillas demostraciones de propiedades ya conocidas de dichas lógicas como decibilidad, interpolación y un teorema de Väänänen sobre eliminación de cuantificadores de segundo orden.We axiomatize all logics which result from adjoining to first order monadic logic any family of cardinality quantifiers 2∝ (there are at least W∝…). Completeness is shown using normal forms, from which we obtain also very simple proofs of previously known properties of these logics, as decidability, interpolation, and a theorem of Väänänen on the elimination of second order quantifiers
SIR model of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia
Objetivo Desarrollar un modelo SIR pronóstico de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el
territorio colombiano
Métodos Se utilizó un modelo SIR con enfoque determinístico para pronosticar el desarrollo de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Colombia. Los estados considerados fueron
susceptibles (S), infecciosos (i) y recuperados o fallecidos (R). Los datos poblacionales
se obtuvieron del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de estadística (Proyecciones
de Población 2018-2020, difundida en enero de 2020) y los datos sobre casos diarios
confirmados de COVID-19 del Instituto Nacional de Salud. Se plantearon diferentes
modelos variando el número básico de reproducción (R0
).
Resultados A partir de los casos reportados por el Ministerio de Salud se crearon
cuatro ambientes o escenarios simulados en un modelo SIR epidemiológico, se extendieron las series de tiempo hasta el 30 de mayo, fecha probable del 99% de infección
poblacional. Un R0
de 2 es la aproximación más cercana al comportamiento de la pandemia durante los primeros 15 días desde el reporte del caso 0, el peor escenario se
daría en la primera semana de abril con un R0
igual a 3.
Conclusiones Se hacen necesarias nuevas medidas de mitigación y supresión en las
fases de contención y transmisión sostenida, como aumento de la capacidad diagnostica por pruebas y desinfección de zonas pobladas y hogares de aislamiento.Objective To develop a prognostic SIR model of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia.
Materials and Methods A SIR model with a deterministic approach was used to forecast the development of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia. The states considered
were susceptible (S), infectious (i) and recovered or deceased (R). Population data
were obtained from the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) —
Population Projections 2018-2020, released in January 2020—, and data on daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 from the National Institute of Health. Different models were
proposed varying the basic reproduction number (R0
).
Results Based on the cases reported by the Ministry of Health, 4 simulated environments were created in an epidemiological SIR model. The time series was extended
until May 30, the probable date when 99% of the population will be infected. R0
=2 is the
basic reproduction number and the closest approximation to the behavior of the pandemic during the first 15 days since the first case report; the worst scenario would occur
in the first week of April with R0
=3.
Conclusions Further mitigation and suppression measures are necessary in the containment and sustained transmission phases, such as increased diagnostic capacity
through testing and disinfection of populated areas and homes in isolation
Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the bifidobacterial microbiota in the colonic mucosa of patients with colorectal cancer, diverticulitis and infl ammatory bowel disease
AIM: To characterize the bifidobacterial microbiota of the colonic mucosa in patients with colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease or diverticulitis.
METHODS: A sample of the distal colonic mucosa was taken during surgery from a total of 34 patients, twenty-one with diagnosed colorectal cancer, nine with diverticulitis and four with inflammatory bowel disease, requiring surgery for their condition. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the resected mucosal samples and bifidobacterial mucosa-associated microbiota was qualitatively and quantitatively determined by means of qualitative and quantitative PCR.
RESULTS: Bifidobacteria were found in 100% of the samples from patients with diverticulitis or IBD and a 76% of those suffering colon cancer. The species B. longum and B. bifidum were the most widely found, followed by B. animalis, B. catenulatum and B. adolescentis. B. breve, B. dentium and B. angulatum were not detected in any sample. A significantly higher occurrence of B. longum was observed in patients with diverticulitis than in those with colon cancer or IBD (100%, 62% and 75%, respectively, P < 0.05). Similar results were obtained for B. animalis (56%, 0% and 25%, P < 0.05), while B. adolescentis was only found in the mucosa from patients with colon cancer (5 out of 21, 24%). At the quantitative level, patients with colon cancer or IBD showed lower counts of total Bifidobacterium (4.94 and 5.91 vs 6.96 log Cells/sample, respectively, P < 0.05) and of the species B. longum (4.05 and 4.79 vs 6.76, P < 0.05) than those with diverticulitis.
CONCLUSION: Aberrancies in mucosa associated microbiota are present in different intestinal diseases. This may indicate a role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of these diseasesPeer reviewe
Phase diagram and influence of defects in the double perovskites
The phase diagram of the double perovskites of the type Sr_{2-x} La_x Fe Mo
O_6 is analyzed, with and without disorder due to antisites. In addition to an
homogeneous half metallic ferrimagnetic phase in the absence of doping and
disorder, we find antiferromagnetic phases at large dopings, and other
ferrimagnetic phases with lower saturation magnetization, in the presence of
disorder.Comment: 4 pages, 3 postscript figures, some errata correcte
Optimal measurement of visual motion across spatial and temporal scales
Sensory systems use limited resources to mediate the perception of a great
variety of objects and events. Here a normative framework is presented for
exploring how the problem of efficient allocation of resources can be solved in
visual perception. Starting with a basic property of every measurement,
captured by Gabor's uncertainty relation about the location and frequency
content of signals, prescriptions are developed for optimal allocation of
sensors for reliable perception of visual motion. This study reveals that a
large-scale characteristic of human vision (the spatiotemporal contrast
sensitivity function) is similar to the optimal prescription, and it suggests
that some previously puzzling phenomena of visual sensitivity, adaptation, and
perceptual organization have simple principled explanations.Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, 2 appendices; in press in Favorskaya MN and
Jain LC (Eds), Computer Vision in Advanced Control Systems using Conventional
and Intelligent Paradigms, Intelligent Systems Reference Library,
Springer-Verlag, Berli
Higiene doméstica : cartilla higiénica para uso de las Escuelas
Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Cultura. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 200
Plan de Mercado : proposición de la Regional no. 1 al Gerente General de ICA
Personal CIID. Plan de mercado y modelo de planificación de mercados mercado agrícola del Proyecto agrícola (Cáqueza) del Oriente de Cundinamarca, Colombia - incluye un estudio de caso de una cooperativa agrícola (COAGRIGAN). Notas bibliografíacas, datos estadísticos
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3-D Spectral Induced Polarization (IP) Imaging: Non-Invasive Characterization Of Contaminant Plumes
The overall objective of this project is to develop the scientific basis for characterizing contaminant plumes in the earth's subsurface using field measurements of induced polarization (IP) effects. Three specific objectives towards this end are 1. 2. 3. Understanding IP at the laboratory level through measurements of complex resistivity as a function of frequency in rock and soil samples with varying pore geometries, pore fluid conductivities and saturations, and contaminant chemistries and concentrations. Developing effective data acquisition techniques for measuring the critical IP responses (time domain or frequency domain) in the field. Developing modeling and inversion algorithms that permit the interpretation of field IP data in terms of subsurface geology and contaminant plume properties
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