122 research outputs found
Global well-posedness of a conservative relaxed cross diffusion system
We prove global existence in time of solutions to relaxed conservative cross
diffusion systems governed by nonlinear operators of the form where the represent
density-functions, is a spatially regularized form of
and the nonlinearities are merely assumed to be
continuous and bounded from below. Existence of global weak solutions is
obtained in any space dimension. Solutions are proved to be regular and unique
when the are locally Lipschitz continuous
Entropy, Duality and Cross Diffusion
This paper is devoted to the use of the entropy and duality methods for the
existence theory of reaction-cross diffusion systems consisting of two
equations, in any dimension of space. Those systems appear in population
dynamics when the diffusion rates of individuals of two species depend on the
concentration of individuals of the same species (self-diffusion), or of the
other species (cross diffusion)
All optical cooling of K to Bose Einstein condensation
We report the all-optical production of Bose Einstein condensates (BEC) of
K atoms. We directly load atoms in a large volume
optical dipole trap from gray molasses on the D1 transition. We then apply a
small magnetic quadrupole field to polarize the sample before transferring the
atoms in a tightly confining optical trap. Evaporative cooling is finally
performed close to a Feshbach resonance to enhance the scattering length. Our
setup allows to cross the BEC threshold with atoms every 7s. As
an illustration of the interest of the tunability of the interactions we study
the expansion of Bose-Einstein condensates in the 1D to 3D crossover
Synchronisation and control of proliferation in cycling cell population models with age structure
International audienceWe present and analyse in this article a mathematical question with a biological origin, the theoretical treatment of which may have far-reaching implications in the practical treatment of cancers. Starting from biological and clinical observations on cancer cells, tumourbearing laboratory rodents, and patients with cancer, we ask from a theoretical biology viewpoint questions that may be transcribed, using physiologically based modelling of cell proliferation dynamics, into mathematical questions. We then show how recent fluorescence-based image modelling techniques performed at the single cell level in proliferating cell populations allow to identify model parameters and how this may be applied to investigate healthy and cancer cell populations. Finally, we show how this modelling approach allows us to design original optimisation methods for anticancer therapeutics, in particular chronotherapeutics, by controlling eigenvalues of the differential operators underlying the cell proliferation dynamics, in tumour and in healthy cell populations. We propose a numerical algorithm to implement these principles
Scaling limit of a discrete prion dynamics model
International audienceThis paper investigates the connection between discrete and continuous models describing prion proliferation. The scaling parameters are interpreted on biological grounds and we establish rigorous convergence statements. We also discuss, based on the asymptotic analysis, relevant boundary conditions that can be used to complete the continuous model
The albedo-color diversity of transneptunian objects
We analyze albedo data obtained using the Herschel Space Observatory that
reveal the existence of two distinct types of surface among midsized
transneptunian objects. A color-albedo diagram shows two large clusters of
objects, one redder and higher albedo and another darker and more neutrally
colored. Crucially, all objects in our sample located in dynamically stable
orbits within the classical Kuiper belt region and beyond are confined to the
bright-red group, implying a compositional link. Those objects are believed to
have formed further from the Sun than the dark-neutral bodies. This
color-albedo separation is evidence for a compositional discontinuity in the
young solar system.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, published in ApJL (12 August 2014), The
Astrophysical Journal (2014), vol. 793, L
Conservative cross diffusions and pattern formation through relaxation
Analyse mathématique et numérique de sytèmes "cross-diffusion"This paper is aimed at studying the formation of patches in a cross-diffusion system without reaction terms when the diffusion matrix can be negative but with positive self-diffusion. We prove existence results for small data and global a priori bounds in space-time Lebesgue spaces for a large class of 'diffusion' matrices. This result indicates that blow-up should occur on the gradient. One can tackle this issue using a relaxation system with global solutions and prove uniform a priori estimates. Our proofs are based on a duality argument à la M. Pierre which we extend to treat degeneracy and growth of the diffusion matrix. We also analyze the linearized instability of the relaxation system and a Turing type mechanism can occur. This gives the range of parameters and data for which instability can occur. Numerical simulations show that patterns arise indeed inthis range and the solutions tend to exhibit patches with stiff gradients on bounded solutions, in accordance with the theory
Conservative cross diffusions and pattern formation through relaxation
Analyse mathématique et numérique de sytèmes "cross-diffusion"This paper is aimed at studying the formation of patches in a cross-diffusion system without reaction terms when the diffusion matrix can be negative but with positive self-diffusion. We prove existence results for small data and global a priori bounds in space-time Lebesgue spaces for a large class of 'diffusion' matrices. This result indicates that blow-up should occur on the gradient. One can tackle this issue using a relaxation system with global solutions and prove uniform a priori estimates. Our proofs are based on a duality argument à la M. Pierre which we extend to treat degeneracy and growth of the diffusion matrix. We also analyze the linearized instability of the relaxation system and a Turing type mechanism can occur. This gives the range of parameters and data for which instability can occur. Numerical simulations show that patterns arise indeed inthis range and the solutions tend to exhibit patches with stiff gradients on bounded solutions, in accordance with the theory
Circadian rhythm and cell population growth
Molecular circadian clocks, that are found in all nucleated cells of mammals,
are known to dictate rhythms of approximately 24 hours (circa diem) to many
physiological processes. This includes metabolism (e.g., temperature, hormonal
blood levels) and cell proliferation. It has been observed in tumor-bearing
laboratory rodents that a severe disruption of these physiological rhythms
results in accelerated tumor growth. The question of accurately representing
the control exerted by circadian clocks on healthy and tumour tissue
proliferation to explain this phenomenon has given rise to mathematical
developments, which we review. The main goal of these previous works was to
examine the influence of a periodic control on the cell division cycle in
physiologically structured cell populations, comparing the effects of periodic
control with no control, and of different periodic controls between them. We
state here a general convexity result that may give a theoretical justification
to the concept of cancer chronotherapeutics. Our result also leads us to
hypothesize that the above mentioned effect of disruption of circadian rhythms
on tumor growth enhancement is indirect, that, is this enhancement is likely to
result from the weakening of healthy tissue that are at work fighting tumor
growth
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