Issue of Money Laundering Risks Identification in the Activity of the Organizations and Individual Entrepreneurs Engaged in the Mining, Production, Use and Circulation of Precious Metals and Precious Stones

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.Identification of money laundering risks in the sector of precious metals and precious stones is an important element in building an effective risk-based approach of money laundering risk assessment in the country. The article describes a mechanism of information exchange used in risk assessment of the organizations and individual entrepreneurs engaged in the mining, production, use and circulation of precious metals and precious stones. The mechanism is based on modern digital technologies such as a user’s cabinet on the Federal financial monitoring service website. The risk-score is obtained as a result of the analysis of the information contained in the database of Rosfinmonitoring, as well as monitoring and oversight activities conducted by Federal state institution «The risk-score shall be provided to all subjects of the sector allowing them to quickly resolve the shortcomings in their activities. Keywords: money laundering risk, sector of precious metals and precious stones, big data, information exchange, risk assessment, internal control

Hard tube pulser for 150 MW klystron

The development of adequate modulators for high peak power klystrons is one of the focus points for linear collider R&D programs. For the DESY/THD Sband linear collider study 150MW RF pulse power at 50Hz repetition rate and 3mks pulse duration is required. Two different modulator schemes were investigated. One is the conventional line type pulser, using a pulse forming network and a step up transformer, the other one is a Hard Tube Pulser, using a DC power source at the full klystron voltage and a switch tube. The main advantages of a Hard Tube Pulser are short rise and fall times of the HV pulse, resulting in high efficiency and simpler design

Large-volume silicic volcanism in Kamchatka: Ar–Ar and U–Pb ages, isotopic, and geochemical characteristics of major pre-Holocene caldera-forming eruptions

The Kamchatka Peninsula in far eastern Russia represents the most volcanically active arc in the world in terms of magma production and the number of explosive eruptions. We investigate large-scale silicic volcanism in the past several million years and present new geochronologic results from major ignimbrite sheets exposed in Kamchatka. These ignimbrites are found in the vicinity of morphologically-preserved rims of partially eroded source calderas with diameters from ∼ 2 to ∼ 30 km and with estimated volumes of eruptions ranging from 10 to several hundred cubic kilometers of magma. We also identify and date two of the largest ignimbrites: Golygin Ignimbrite in southern Kamchatka (0.45 Ma), and Karymshina River Ignimbrites (1.78 Ma) in south-central Kamchatka. We present whole-rock geochemical analyses that can be used to correlate ignimbrites laterally. These large-volume ignimbrites sample a significant proportion of remelted Kamchatkan crust as constrained by the oxygen isotopes. Oxygen isotope analyses of minerals and matrix span a 3‰ range with a significant proportion of moderately low-δ18O values. This suggests that the source for these ignimbrites involved a hydrothermally-altered shallow crust, while participation of the Cretaceous siliceous basement is also evidenced by moderately elevated δ18O and Sr isotopes and xenocryst contamination in two volcanoes. The majority of dates obtained for caldera-forming eruptions coincide with glacial stages in accordance with the sediment record in the NW Pacific, suggesting an increase in explosive volcanic activity since the onset of the last glaciation 2.6 Ma. Rapid changes in ice volume during glacial times and the resulting fluctuation of glacial loading/unloading could have caused volatile saturation in shallow magma chambers and, in combination with availability of low-δ18O glacial meltwaters, increased the proportion of explosive vs effusive eruptions. The presented results provide new constraints on Pliocene–Pleistocene volcanic activity in Kamchatka, and thus constrain an important component of the Pacific Ring of Fire

The high energy cosmic ray particle spectra measurements with the PAMELA calorimeter

Abstract Up until now there has been limited, contradictive data on the high energy range of the cosmic ray electron-positron, proton and helium spectra. Due to the limitations of the use of a magnetic spectrometer, over 8 years experimental data was processed using information from a sampling electro-magnetic calorimeter, a neutron detector and scintillator detectors. The use of these devices allowed us to successfully obtain the high energy cosmic ray particle spectra measurements. The results of this study clarify previous findings and greaten our understanding of the origin of cosmic rays

Deuteron spectrum measurements under radiation belt with PAMELA instrument

Abstract In this work the results of data analysis of the deuteron albedo radiation obtained in the PAMELA experiment are presented. PAMELA is an international space experiment carried out on board of the satellite Resurs DK-1. The high precision detectors allow to register and identify cosmic ray particles in a wide energy range. The albedo deuteron spectrum in the energy range 70 – 600 MeV/nucleon has been measured

PAMELA Observation of the 2012 May 17 GLE Event

The PAMELA (Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics) satellite-borne experiment has been collecting data in orbit since July 2006, providing accurate measurements of the energy spectra and composition of the cosmic radiation from a few hundred MeVn up to hundred GeVn. This wide interval of measured energies makes PAMELA a unique instrument for Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) observations. Not only does it span the energy range between the ground-based neutron monitor data and the observations of SEPs from space, but also PAMELA carries out the first direct measurements of the composition for the highest energy SEP events, including those causing Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs). PAMELA has registered many SEP events in solar cycle 24 including the 2012 May 17 GLE event (GLE 71), offering unique opportunities to address the question of high-energy SEP origin. Experimental performances and preliminary results on the 2012 May 17 events will be presented. We will discuss the derived particle injection time and compare with other time scales at the Sun including the flare and CME onset times

Железозависимость биологических свойств Сandida albicans

Background: Candidal infections occur in individuals with humoral or cell immunity deficiency. Any disorders of iron metabolism promote immune deficiency and abnormal sensitivity to infections. Potential modification of biological properties of Candida spp. in disorders of iron metabolism has not been discussed. Aim: To clarify the effects of iron metabolism disorders on the modification of biological properties of C.  albicans. Materials and methods: Growth kinetics of reference strain (24433 АТСС) and clinical isolates of C.  albicans (n = 20) depending on the concentration of Fe2+ ions in the broth and serum of blood donors with various types of iron metabolism (n = 2) was studied by turbidimetry. We also assessed the expression of the adhesion gen (als3), hemolytic phospholipase C genes (plb1, plb2, plс) and aspartic protease gene (sap1) in serum of donors with various iron levels. Results: Growth parameters of all C. albicans strains studied depends on the iron levels in the medium. The calculated constant of affinity to Fe2+ (Ks) for C. albicans strains was in the range from 179.5 to 1863.3 μM. Clinical isolates are more iron-dependent (179.5 Ks  1000 μM), compared to the reference strain ATCC 24433 (Ks = 1199.5 ± 28.3 μM). The optimal concentration of iron for the growth in the broth is 30 to 50 μM. The serum from individuals with normal iron metabolism inhibits the growth activity of C. albicans and is associated with overexpression of all virulence genes studied. Incubation of C.  albicans with iron-deficient and iron-loaded sera results in an increase in the growth rate up to 0.017 h-1 and 0.012 h-1, respectively, but is associated with a  reduction in expression of the major virulence genes. Conclusion: Biological properties of C. albicans are modified depending on the iron metabolism of the host. In those with normal iron metabolism, immune system suppresses Candida growth. Excess iron levels may promote candidiasis, whereas in iron deficient states the outcome of infection depends on the immune status of the host.Актуальность. Кандидозы возникают у  иммунокомпрометированных лиц с дефектами гуморального или клеточного звеньев иммунитета. Любые нарушения обмена железа способствуют развитию иммунодефицита и изменению инфекционной чувствительности. Возможность изменения биологических свойств грибов рода Candida при нарушениях обмена железа не обсуждалась. Цель  – выяснить влияние нарушений обмена железа на модификацию биологических свойств C.  albicans. Материал и  методы. С  помощью турбидиметрического метода изучалась кинетика роста референтного штамма (24433 АТСС) и  клинических изолятов C.  albicans в  бульоне (n = 20) в  зависимости от концентрации ионов Fe2+ и в сыворотке крови доноров с  разным вариантом обмена железа (n = 2). Определялась экспрессия гена адгезии (als3), генов фосфолипаз  С  (plb1, plb2, plс), гена аспартильной протеазы (sap1) в сыворотке крови доноров с  разным содержанием железа. Результаты. Активность роста всех изученных штаммов C. albicans зависит от концентрации железа в питательной среде. Расчет значений константы сродства к  ионам Fe2+ (Ks) для штаммов C.  albicans показал, что они изменяются от 179,5 до 1863,3 мкМ. Клинические изоляты отличаются большей железозависимостью (179,5 Кs 1000  мкМ) по сравнению с  референтным штаммом 24433 АТСС (Ks = 1199,5 ± 28,3 мкМ). Оптимальная концентрация железа для роста в бульоне составляет 30–50 мкМ. Сыворотка крови с нормальным обменом железа ингибирует ростовую активность C.  albicans и  увеличивает экспрессию всех изученных генов патогенности. Культивирование C.  albicans в  железодефицитной и  железонагруженной сыворотках увеличивает скорость роста до 0,017 ч-1 и 0,012 ч-1 соответственно, но уменьшает экспрессию основных генов патогенности. Заключение. Биологические свойства C.  albicans изменяются в  зависимости от состояния обмена железа организма хозяина. При нормальном обмене железа иммунная система подавляет развитие кандид. Избыточное накопление железа способствует возникновению кандидоза, при дефиците железа исход инфекции будет зависеть от состояния иммунного статуса организма хозяина.