“I hardly ever practice the real Standard German.” Self-reported language use and language proficiency in South Tyrol (Italy)

This paper deals with qualitative data on language use and self-assessments on language proficiency in multilingual speakers in South Tyrol (Italy). The first aim is to investigate empirically whether there has been a change in young people’s language use within certain domains (family, friends, and school). The second aim describes whether, after years of segregation between the language groups, a change in pupil’s language proficiency could be observed. Moreover, we also examine which extra-linguistic factors may influence their language competences in German, Italian and English. One way to investigate these aspects is through an empirical study on self-reported language use and language proficiency by the speakers themselves. The current survey was conducted in South Tyrol, an official trilingual province in northern Italy. The qualitative analyses are based on biographical interviews provided by 65 high school graduates (mean age: 19.3 years) attending German-language high schools in South Tyrol

A pin-on-disc study on the dry sliding behavior of a Cu-free friction material containing different types of natural graphite

Abstract This research investigates the influence of graphite's granulometry on the dry sliding behavior of a copper-free friction material against pearlitic cast iron. Samples were designed and fabricated using three different types of commercial natural graphite. A sample without graphite was also considered as a reference. Tests were carried out with a pin-on-disc tribometer at room temperature (RT), at 400 °C, and at RT after the high temperature tests. The results show that both the shape and size of the graphite particles influence the coefficient of friction and the specific wear rate. The friction material featuring a lower particle size and equiaxed grains of natural graphite exhibits a better behavior, as compared to coarser graphite with plate-like grains. The results were obtained comparing specific characteristics (i.e., morphology and chemical composition) of the friction layers formed on each friction material under the different testing conditions

Das KOMMA-Korpus und seine vielseitige Nutzbarkeit: Die deutsche Standardvarietät in Südtirol

This paper outlines the construction of the KOMMA corpus and the presentation and analysis of selected case studies. The paper contains written and oral data from young adults attending the final year of a German-language high school in South Tyrol. In addition to describing the data collection and the methods used, the paper will also go into more detail about the data processing (transcription, normalisation, lemmatisation and POS tagging). Finally, some research results illustrate the usability of the corpus, with selected case studies from the field of word formation and lexis being presented

friction wear and airborne particle emission from cu free brake materials

Abstract Cu is required to be abated in brake pads due to its toxicity. There are on the market several Cu-free brake pads. These Cu-free brake pads are only evaluated regarding their friction and wear performance, whereas, their airborne particle emissions are not considered. A pin-on-disc tribometer is used to evaluate the friction, wear and airborne particle emission from two Cu-free commercial brake pads used in the Europe. Moreover, a commercial brake pad containing Cu is evaluated as a reference. The results indicate that Cu-free brake pads yield comparable coefficient of friction as the Cu-contained brake pad. All three brake materials result in similar wear to the mating brake rotor. Cu-free brake pads generate more airborne particles than Cu-contained brake pad

Bilingualism or Trilingualism? Social versus linguistic views: Evidence from the Germanic-speaking language group in South Tyrol (Italy)

What is a ‘language’? What is a ‘dialect’? Officially and politically, South Tyrol (in northeastern Italy) is an Italian–German bilingual region. The local Germanic variety spoken in the area is commonly referred to as a ‘dialect’ and therefore ‘subordinate’ to Standard German. The main aim of this dissertation is to investigate whether the community is bilingual (German–Italian) – due to socio-political distinctions and thus in line with the legal regulations – or whether it is actually trilingual (German–Italian–South Tyrolean) – due to linguistic distinctions. This dissertation contributes to the understanding of how relying only on socio-political distinctions (e.g., history, national borders) when defining the term ‘language’ can have an influence on both language acquisition processes and on educational institutions (e.g., teaching practices). The South Tyrolean dialect is used for all informal purposes: it is the language used at home, in personal domains, and in everyday activities. Standard German is the main language used within educational institutions in South Tyrol. Thus, Standard German language learning in South Tyrol is routinely compared and assumed to be largely equivalent to the acquisitional path of a German monolingual child from Germany. Although Standard German and the South Tyrolean dialect are related, they also differ from each other in various ways. One way to determine how different languages or varieties are is to test the (mutual) intelligibility of the two languages/varieties. The intelligibility-based approach used in this dissertation demonstrated that the community in South Tyrol is indeed trilingual. Based on linguistic distinctions, therefore, I will show that the dialect can be classified as a distinct language. The second empirical study in this dissertation investigated whether this ‘hidden trilingualism’ has an impact on young children’s linguistic acquisitional process by using a standardized receptive language test in Standard German. The main aim of this dissertation is to show that the problem lies in the clash between the socio-political stance and the linguistic realit

A Population Survey in Italy Based on the ICF Classification: Recognizing Persons with Severe Disability

Aim of this paper is to describe functioning of subjects with “severe disability” collected with a protocol based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. It included sections on body functions and structures (BF and BS), activities and participation (A&P), and environmental factors (EF). In A&P, performance without personal support (WPS) was added to standard capacity and performance. Persons with severe disability were those reporting a number of very severe/complete problems in BF or in A&P-capacity superior to mean + 1SD. Correlations between BF and A&P and differences between capacity, performance-WPS, and performance were assessed with Spearman's coefficient. Out of 1051, 200 subjects were considered as severely disabled. Mild to moderate correlations between BF and A&P were reported (between 0.148 and 0.394 when the full range of impairments/limitations was taken into account; between 0.198 and 0.285 when only the severe impairments/limitations were taken into account); performance-WPS was less similar to performance than to capacity. Our approach enabled identifying subjects with “severe disability” and separating the effect of personal support from that of devices, policies, and service provision

Governance and community management of a tourist destination: the case of Villa del Mar, Argentina

Para las economías locales, la puesta en valor del espacio turístico se vuelve esencial dado el impacto económico y social que genera sobre el territorio. Es en este proceso de puesta en valor del espacio donde la gestión turística juega un rol fundamental. Villa del Mar es una pequeña localidad que se encuentra en un humedal formado por un ecosistema de marismas. Éstas constituyen un espacio costero cerrado ubicado sobre el margen norte del canal principal del estuario de Bahía Blanca, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la situación de gobernanza de esta localidad y plantear propuestas para mejorar la gobernanza del turismo en el área. Para ello, se hace hincapié en la relevancia del concepto de cogestión, para cuya comprensión se requiere diferenciar las nociones de gobernabilidad y gobernanza.Nowadays, the promotion of tourist’s space is essential for local economies by the social and economic impact over the territory and by the process of valuing the natural heritage. Villa del Mar is a small town located in a wetland formed by an ecosystem of marshlands. It is an enclosed coastal area located on the North bank of the main channel of the estuary of Bahía Blanca, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The objective of this study is to analyze the local governance in the sense of to improve tourism in the area. The emphasis is on the relevance of the concept of comanagement, and the governance and governability discussion.Fil: Rojas, Mara Leticia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Economía. Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Leonardi, Viviana Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Economía. Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Elías, Silvina Renée. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Economía. Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur; Argentin

Gobernanza y Gestión Comunitaria de un Destino Turístico: El Caso de Villa del Mar, Argentina /Governance and Community Management of a Tourist Destination: The Case of Villa Del Mar, Argentina

RESUMENPara las economías locales, la puesta en valor del espacio turístico se vuelve esencial dado el impacto económico y social que genera sobre el territorio. Es en este proceso de puesta en valor del espacio donde la gestión turística juega un rol fundamental. Villa del Mar es una pequeña localidad que se encuentra en un humedal formado por un ecosistema de marismas. Éstas constituyen un espacio costero cerrado ubicado sobre el margen norte del canal principal del estuario de Bahía Blanca, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la situación de gobernanza de esta localidad y plantear propuestas para mejorar la gobernanza del turismo en el área. Para ello, se hace hincapié en la relevancia del concepto de co-gestión, para cuya comprensión se requiere diferenciar las nociones de gobernabilidad y gobernanza.   PALABRAS CLAVETurismo. Gobernanza. Gestión Comunitaria. Desarrollo de Destinos. Villa del Mar, Argentina. ABSTRACTNowadays, the promotion of tourist’s space is essential for local economies by the social and economic impact over the territory and by the process of valuing the natural heritage. Villa del Mar is a small town located in a wetland formed by an ecosystem of marshlands. It is an enclosed coastal area located on the North bank of the main channel of the estuary of Bahía Blanca, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The objective of this study is to analyze the local governance in the sense of to improve tourism in the area. The emphasis is on the relevance of the concept of co-management, and the governance and governability discussion. KEYWORDS Tourism. Governance. Community Management. Destinations Development. Villa del Mar, Argentina.AUTORIAMara Rojas - Doctor. Profesor Universidad Nacional del Sur; Investigadora Adjunta Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Currículo: http://www.economia.uns.edu.ar/docente/rojas-mara-leticia/. E-mail: [email protected] Silvia Leonardi - Magister. Profesor y Investigador, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Investigadora del Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Currículo: http://www.economia.uns.edu.ar/docente/leonardi-viviana-s/ E-mail: [email protected] Renee Elías – Magister. Profesor Asociado, Investigador, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Investigadora del Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Currículo: Link E-mail: [email protected] REFERENCIAS Almirón, A.; Bertoncello, R. & Troncoso, C. (2006). Turismo, patrimonio y territorio. Una discusión de sus relaciones a partir de casos de Argentina. Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo, 15(2), 101-124. Link  Barbini, B.; Biasone, A. M.; Cacciutto, M.; Castellucci, D. I.; Corbo, Y. A. & Roldán, N. G. (2011). Gobernanza y turismo: análisis del estado del arte. 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The role of graphitic carbon nitride in the formulation of copper-free friction composites designed for automotive brake pads

In this study, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, labelled as gCN) was tested in the formulation of copper-free (Cu-free) friction mixtures, which are potentially interesting for brake pad manufacturing. Three formulations of friction composites were prepared starting from a common Cu-free master batch: (i) without graphite, (ii) with graphite and (iii) with gCN. The mixtures were pressed in the form of pins by hot-press moulding. The friction-wear performance of the prepared pins was investigated using a pin-on-disc (PoD) test at room temperature (RT), high temperature (HT) (400 degrees C) and, again, at room temperature (H-RT). The values of the friction coefficient (mu) for the composites with gCN (or graphite) were as follows: (i) RT test, mu(RT) = 0.52 (0.47); (ii) HT test, mu(HT) = 0.37 (0.37); (iii) RT after the HT tests, mu(H-RT) = 0.49 (0.39). With respect to wear resistance, the samples with graphite performed better than the samples without this solid lubricant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the evaluation of the role of gCN in friction composites designed for automotive brake lining applications. The results indicate the main role of gCN as a soft abrasive.Web of Science121art. no. 12

Utilization of metallurgical slags in Cu-free friction material formulations

The aim of our research was to indicate the suitability of metallurgical slags (two blast furnace slags and one steel furnace slag) as the components of Cu-free friction materials. The base mixture consisted of nine components including phenolic resin, graphite, tin sulphide, steel and aramid fibers, iron powder, a mixture of barite with calcite, and vermiculite. To this base mixture, the slags with a particle size below 0.1 mm were added individually in the amount of 20 wt.%. A base friction mixture with alumina in the amount of 20 wt.% represented the reference. Samples for the friction-wear tests were produced in the form of pins by hot press molding. The prepared pins were tested using a pin-on-disc tester in a drag mode at the pressure of 1 MPa and a constant sliding speed of 1.51 m/s for 90 min. The samples with slags exhibited slightly lower values of steady-state friction coefficient compared to the reference composite with alumina, and at the same time produced lower wear particle emissions. The particle concentration was reduced for the samples with slowly cooled blast furnace and steel furnace slag. The results obtained indicated steel furnace slag as a promising component of Cu-free friction composites.Web of Science109art. no. 21