Igreja, cristandade e poder

O texto faz uma leitura da obra de Francesco Guicciardini buscando apresentar suas teorias acerca das relações entre instituições religiosas e poder político. A autora destaca que Francesco Guicciardini procurou discernir a esfera da vida privada da pública em plena época quando prevaleciam as relações familiares e os respectivos interesses pessoais

La política de posgrado en la Argentina y la expansión de carreras

El crecimiento explosivo de las carreras de posgrado en Argentina se constituye en uno de los efectos novedosos desencadenado por las tentativas de modernización de la universidad, impulsadas principalmente a partir de la sanción de la Ley de Educación Superior N° 24.521/95. Esta normativa dio lugar a importantes transformaciones en las universidades pero no logró consolidar un sistema de educación de posgrado más articulado en relación a los niveles de formación. En el contexto de una creciente complejidad y heterogeneidad del sistema de educación superior, el trabajo que se presenta es resultado de una investigación que se propuso contribuir al análisis de la política argentina de posgrado de las últimas décadas, a partir de una perspectiva que asocia las políticas educativas implementadas desde el nivel central con las tradiciones y particularidades de los grandes campos científicos y disciplinares. Para ello se realizó un estudio de la expansión de carreras de posgrado en el período 1995-2009 y de las características actuales de esta oferta, considerando el crecimiento cuantitativo de la oferta por niveles (doctorados, maestrías y especializaciones), los sectores de gestión y tipos de instituciones universitarias que generaron las carreras, la distribución territorial, las categorizaciones y los títulos.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

A New Simulation Metric to Determine Safe Environments and Controllers for Systems with Unknown Dynamics

We consider the problem of extracting safe environments and controllers for reach-avoid objectives for systems with known state and control spaces, but unknown dynamics. In a given environment, a common approach is to synthesize a controller from an abstraction or a model of the system (potentially learned from data). However, in many situations, the relationship between the dynamics of the model and the \textit{actual system} is not known; and hence it is difficult to provide safety guarantees for the system. In such cases, the Standard Simulation Metric (SSM), defined as the worst-case norm distance between the model and the system output trajectories, can be used to modify a reach-avoid specification for the system into a more stringent specification for the abstraction. Nevertheless, the obtained distance, and hence the modified specification, can be quite conservative. This limits the set of environments for which a safe controller can be obtained. We propose SPEC, a specification-centric simulation metric, which overcomes these limitations by computing the distance using only the trajectories that violate the specification for the system. We show that modifying a reach-avoid specification with SPEC allows us to synthesize a safe controller for a larger set of environments compared to SSM. We also propose a probabilistic method to compute SPEC for a general class of systems. Case studies using simulators for quadrotors and autonomous cars illustrate the advantages of the proposed metric for determining safe environment sets and controllers.Comment: 22nd ACM International Conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control (2019

Un estudio exploratorio sobre los regímenes de carrera académica/docente en las universidades nacionales

El trabajo presenta un estudio exploratorio sobre los regímenes de Carrera Docente/Académica en el subsistema universitario nacional. A partir de un relevamiento documental, la primera parte del escrito desarrolla una caracterización general de las CD/CA e incluye ciertos rasgos comunes en torno de los mecanismos de aprobación de las reglamentaciones vigentes. El segundo apartado despliega el análisis de los distintos modelos de CD/CA tomando en consideración cinco dimensiones centrales: funciones docentes – formación docente y financiamiento - acceso/ingreso y retiro/egreso – permanencia – promoción. Finalmente, en la tercera sección, se presentan las conclusiones preliminares del estudio y se señalan líneas posibles y vacantes de investigación para profundizar esta temática de estudio. El argumento que orienta la indagación sostiene que, en los últimos años, algunas casas de estudio implementaron dispositivos innovadores vinculados con la evaluación de sus docentes, mientras que prolifera una gran heterogeneidad y disparidad en los mecanismos y criterios que rigen la permanencia y promoción.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Expansión y nuevas configuraciones en los regímenes de carrera académica/docente en las universidades nacionales de la Argentina

El trabajo presenta un estudio exploratorio sobre los regímenes de Carrera Docente/Académica (en adelante, CD/CA) en el sistema universitario nacional de la Argentina. Basado en un relevamiento documental, el escrito desarrolla una caracterización general de las CD/CA e incluye ciertos rasgos comunes en torno de los dispositivos de aprobación de las reglamentaciones vigentes. Por otra parte, despliega el análisis de los distintos modelos de CD/CA, tomando en consideración cinco dimensiones centrales: funciones docentes y formación, acceso/ingreso, retiro/egreso, permanencia y promoción. Finalmente, se presentan las conclusiones preliminares del estudio y se señalan líneas posibles y vacantes de investigación para profundizar la temática. El argumento que orienta la indagación sostiene que, en los últimos años, algunas casas de estudio implementaron dispositivos innovadores vinculados con la evaluación de sus docentes, mientras que prolifera una gran heterogeneidad y disparidad en los mecanismos y criterios que rigen la permanencia y promoción.The paper presents an exploratory study on Teaching / Academic Career regimes (hereinafter, TC/AC) at national university system in Argentina. Based on a documentary survey, the paper develops a general characterization of the TC/AC and includes certain common features around approval of the regulations devices. In addition, it displays an analysis of different models of TC/AC, considering five core dimensions: teaching positions and learning, access/entry, withdrawal/exit, permanency and promotion. Finally, the preliminary findings of the study and possible lines of vacancy research are presented in order to deepen this subject. The argument that guides the inquiry argues that in recent years, some houses of study implemented innovative devices related to teaching assessment, while there is a rampant great heterogeneity and disparity in the mechanisms and criteria that govern tenure and promotion.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Expansión y nuevas configuraciones en los regímenes de carrera académica/docente en las universidades nacionales de la Argentina

El trabajo presenta un estudio exploratorio sobre los regímenes de Carrera Docente/Académica (en adelante, CD/CA) en el sistema universitario nacional de la Argentina. Basado en un relevamiento documental, el escrito desarrolla una caracterización general de las CD/CA e incluye ciertos rasgos comunes en torno de los dispositivos de aprobación de las reglamentaciones vigentes. Por otra parte, despliega el análisis de los distintos modelos de CD/CA, tomando en consideración cinco dimensiones centrales: funciones docentes y formación, acceso/ingreso, retiro/egreso, permanencia y promoción. Finalmente, se presentan las conclusiones preliminares del estudio y se señalan líneas posibles y vacantes de investigación para profundizar la temática. El argumento que orienta la indagación sostiene que, en los últimos años, algunas casas de estudio implementaron dispositivos innovadores vinculados con la evaluación de sus docentes, mientras que prolifera una gran heterogeneidad y disparidad en los mecanismos y criterios que rigen la permanencia y promoción.The paper presents an exploratory study on Teaching / Academic Career regimes (hereinafter, TC/AC) at national university system in Argentina. Based on a documentary survey, the paper develops a general characterization of the TC/AC and includes certain common features around approval of the regulations devices. In addition, it displays an analysis of different models of TC/AC, considering five core dimensions: teaching positions and learning, access/entry, withdrawal/exit, permanency and promotion. Finally, the preliminary findings of the study and possible lines of vacancy research are presented in order to deepen this subject. The argument that guides the inquiry argues that in recent years, some houses of study implemented innovative devices related to teaching assessment, while there is a rampant great heterogeneity and disparity in the mechanisms and criteria that govern tenure and promotion.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Demographic and Social-Cognitive Factors Associated with Weight Loss in Overweight, Pre-diabetic Participants of the PREVIEW Study

PurposeWeight loss has been demonstrated to be a successful strategy in diabetes prevention. Although weight loss is greatly influenced by dietary behaviors, social-cognitive factors play an important role in behavioral determination. This study aimed to identify demographic and social-cognitive factors (intention, self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, social support, and motivation with regard to dietary behavior and goal adjustment) associated with weight loss in overweight and obese participants from the PREVIEW study who had pre-diabetes.MethodProspective correlational data from 1973 adult participants were analyzed. The participants completed psychological questionnaires that assessed social-cognitive variables with regard to dietary behavior. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed to identify baseline demographic and social-cognitive factors associated with weight loss.ResultsOverall, being male, having a higher baseline BMI, having a higher income, perceiving fewer disadvantages of a healthy diet (outcome expectancies), experiencing less discouragement for healthy eating by family and friends (social support), and lower education were independently linked to greater weight loss. When evaluating females and males separately, education was no longer associated with weight loss.ConclusionThe results indicate that a supportive environment in which family members and friends avoid discouraging healthy eating, with the application of a strategy that uses specific behavior change techniques to emphasize the benefits of outcomes, i.e., the benefits of a healthy diet, may support weight loss efforts. Weight loss programs should therefore always address the social environment of persons who try to lose body weight because family members and friends can be important supporters in reaching a weight loss goal.Peer reviewe

Intended and Observed Changes in Intervening Mechanisms

BACKGROUND: Lifestyle interventions can prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D) by successfully inducing behavioral changes (eg, avoiding physical inactivity and sedentariness, increasing physical activity and/or healthy eating) that reduce body weight and normalize metabolic levels (eg, HbA1c). For interventions to be successful, it is important to influence "behavioral mechanisms" such as self-efficacy, which motivate behavioral changes. Theory-based expectations of how self-efficacy, chronic stress, and mood changed over time were investigated through a group-based behavior change intervention (PREMIT). At 8 intervention sites, PREMIT was offered by trained primary care providers in 18 group-sessions over a period of 36 months, divided into 4 intervention phases. Adherence to the intervention protocol was assessed. METHOD: Participants (n = 962) with overweight and prediabetes who had achieved ≥8% weight loss during a diet reduction period and completed the intervention were categorized into 3 groups: infrequent, frequent, or very frequent group sessions attendance. The interactions between participation in the group sessions and changes in self-efficacy, stress, and mood were multivariate tested. Intervention sites were regularly asked where and how they deviated from the intervention protocol. RESULTS: There was no increase in the participants' self-efficacy in any group. However, the level of self-efficacy was maintained among those who attended the group sessions frequently, while it decreased in the other groups. For all participants, chronic stress and the frequency of attending group sessions were inversely related. Significant differences in mood were found for all groups. All intervention centers reported specific activities, additional to intervention protocol, to promote participation in the group sessions. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the behavioral changes sought by trained primary care providers are related to attendance frequency and follow complex trajectories. The findings also suggest that group-based interventions in naturalistic primary care settings aimed at preventing T2D require formats and strategies that encourage participants to attend group sessions regularly.publishersversionpublishe

The PREVIEW intervention study : Results from a 3-year randomized 2 x 2 factorial multinational trial investigating the role of protein, glycaemic index and physical activity for prevention of type 2 diabetes

Aim To compare the impact of two long-term weight-maintenance diets, a high protein (HP) and low glycaemic index (GI) diet versus a moderate protein (MP) and moderate GI diet, combined with either high intensity (HI) or moderate intensity physical activity (PA), on the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) after rapid weight loss. Materials and Methods A 3-year multicentre randomized trial in eight countries using a 2 x 2 diet-by-PA factorial design was conducted. Eight-week weight reduction was followed by a 3-year randomized weight-maintenance phase. In total, 2326 adults (age 25-70 years, body mass index >= 25 kg/m(2)) with prediabetes were enrolled. The primary endpoint was 3-year incidence of T2D analysed by diet treatment. Secondary outcomes included glucose, insulin, HbA1c and body weight. Results The total number of T2D cases was 62 and the cumulative incidence rate was 3.1%, with no significant differences between the two diets, PA or their combination. T2D incidence was similar across intervention centres, irrespective of attrition. Significantly fewer participants achieved normoglycaemia in the HP compared with the MP group (P <.0001). At 3 years, normoglycaemia was lowest in HP-HI (11.9%) compared with the other three groups (20.0%-21.0%, P <.05). There were no group differences in body weight change (-11% after 8-week weight reduction; -5% after 3-year weight maintenance) or in other secondary outcomes. Conclusions Three-year incidence of T2D was much lower than predicted and did not differ between diets, PA or their combination. Maintaining the target intakes of protein and GI over 3 years was difficult, but the overall protocol combining weight loss, healthy eating and PA was successful in markedly reducing the risk of T2D. This is an important clinically relevant outcome.Peer reviewe