PERBEDAAN EFEKTIVITAS ZEOLIT DAN MANGANESE GREENSAND UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR FOSFAT DAN CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND LIMBAH CAIR "LAUNDRY ZONE" DI TEMBALANG

Usaha laundry merupakan usaha dibidang jasa pencucian pakaian. Hasil uji pendahuluan limbah cair laundry menunjukkan bahwa kadar fosfat dan COD yaitu 12,36 mg/l dan 5.920 mg/l. Kadar ini melebihi baku mutu air limbah yaitu kadar fosfat sebesar 2 mg/l dan kadar COD sebesar 100 mg/l. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas zeolit dan manganese greensand untuk menurunkan fosfat dan COD limbah cair “laundry zone” di Tembalang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Quasi Eksperimental dengan rancangan penelitian pretest – posttest design. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu limbah cair dari outlet mesin cuci “laundry Zone”. Analisis data yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis adalah dengan uji One Way Anova dengan taraf signifikansi 95 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar fosfat sebelum perlakuan sebesar 12,36 mg/l dan kadar COD sebesar 5920 mg/l. Setelah dilakukan perlakuan dengan zeolit dan manganese greensand berdiameter 0,25 mm. 0,5 mm, 0,75 mm dan 1 mm menunjukkan kadar fosfat dan COD mengalami penurunan. Berdasarkan uji One Way Anova didapatkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada α = 0,05 penurunan kadar fosfat dan COD setelah melalui media zeolit dengan p-value = 0,001, ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada α = 0,05 penurunan kadar fosfat dan COD setelah melalui media manganese greensand dengan p-value= 0,01, dan ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada α = 0,05 penurunan kadar fosfat dan COD setelah melalui media zeolit dan manganese greensand dengan p-value = 0,0001. Efektivitas penurunan fosfat dan COD tertinggi mencapai 73,30 % dan 71,68% terjadi pada perlakuan dengan zeolit berdiameter 0,25 mm. Kata Kunci: Zeolit, Manganese Greensand, Fosfat, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Limbah Cair Laundry, Tembalan

Partner’s and own education: does who you live with matter for self-assessed health, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption?

This study analyses the importance of partner status and partner’s education, adjusted for own education, on selfassessed health, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. The relationship between socio-economic factors and health-related outcomes is traditionally studied from an individual perspective. Recently, applying social–ecological models that include socio-economic factors on various social levels is becoming popular. We argue that partners are an important influence on individual health and health-related behaviour at the household level. Therefore, we include partners in the analysis of educational health inequalities. Using data of almost 40,000 individuals (with almost 15,000 Dutch cohabiting couples), aged 25–74 years, who participated in the Netherlands Health Interview Survey between 1989 and 1996, we test hypotheses on the importance of own and partner’s education. We apply advanced logistic regression models that are especially suitable for studying the relative influence of partners’ education. Controlled for own education, partner’s education is significantly associated with self-assessed health and smoking, for men and women. Accounting for both partners’ education the social gradient in self-assessed health and smoking is steeper than based on own or partner’s education alone. The social gradient in health is underestimated by not considering partner’s education, especially for women.

UG18 at SemEval-2018 Task 1: Generating Additional Training Data for Predicting Emotion Intensity in Spanish

The present study describes our submission to SemEval 2018 Task 1: Affect in Tweets. Our Spanish-only approach aimed to demonstrate that it is beneficial to automatically generate additional training data by (i) translating training data from other languages and (ii) applying a semi-supervised learning method. We find strong support for both approaches, with those models outperforming our regular models in all subtasks. However, creating a stepwise ensemble of different models as opposed to simply averaging did not result in an increase in performance. We placed second (EI-Reg), second (EI-Oc), fourth (V-Reg) and fifth (V-Oc) in the four Spanish subtasks we participated in.Comment: Accepted at SemEval 201

Differential Effects of Bone Structural and Material Properties on Bone Competence in C57BL/6 and C3H/He Inbred Strains of Mice

The femoral neck is a relevant and sensitive site for studying the degree of osteopenia. Engineering principles predict that bone structural parameters, like cross-sectional geometry, are important determinants of bone mechanical parameters. Mechanical parameters are also directly affected by the material properties of the bone tissue. However, the relative importance of structural and material properties is still unknown. The aim of this study was to compare bone competence and structural parameters between a murine strain showing a low bone mass phenotype, C57BL/6 (B6), and another one showing a high bone mass phenotype, C3H/He (C3H), in order to better determine the role of bone structure and geometry in bone failure behavior. Murine femora of 12- and 16-week-old B6 and 12- and 16-week-old C3H inbred strains were mechanically tested under axial loading of the femoral head. In order to assess the structural properties, we performed three-dimensional morphometric analyses in five different compartments of the mouse femur using micro-computed tomography. The mechanical tests revealed that B6 femora became stiffer, stronger, and tougher at 12-16weeks, while bone brittleness stayed constant. C3H bone stiffness increased, but strength remained constant, work to failure decreased, and bone became more brittle. These age effects indicated that B6 did not reach peak bone properties at 16weeks of age and C3H did reach maximal skeletal biomechanical properties before 16weeks of age. Our investigations showed that 83% of the strength of the femoral neck in the B6 strain was explained by cortical thickness at this location; in contrast, in C3H none of the mechanical properties of the femoral neck was explained by bone structural parameters. The relative contributions of bone structural and material properties on bone strength are different in B6 and C3H. We hypothesize that these different contributions are related to differences at the ultrastructural level of bone that affect bone failur

Experimental and finite element analysis of the mouse caudal vertebrae loading model: prediction of cortical and trabecular bone adaptation

In this study, we attempt to predict cortical and trabecular bone adaptation in the mouse caudal vertebrae loading model using knowledge of bone's local mechanical environment at the onset of loading. In a previous study, we demonstrated appreciable 25.9 and 11% increases in both trabecular and cortical bone volume density, respectively, when subjecting the fifth caudal vertebrae (C5) of C57BL/6 (B6) mice to an acute loading regime (amplitude of 8N, 3000 cycles, 10 Hz, 3 times a week for 4 weeks). We have also established a validated finite element (FE) model of the C5 vertebra using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), which characterizes, in 3D, the micro-mechanical strains present in both cortical and trabecular compartments due to the applied loads. To investigate the relationship between load-induced bone adaptation and mechanical strains in-vivo and in-silico data sets were compared. Using data from the previous cross-sectional study, we divided cortical and trabecular compartments into 15 subregions and determined, for each region, a bone formation parameter ΔBV/BS (a cross-sectional measure of the bone volume added to cortical and trabecular surfaces following the described loading regime). Linear regression was then used to correlate mean regional values of ΔBV/BS with mean values of mechanical strains derived from the FE models which were similarly regionalized. The mechanical parameters investigated were strain energy density (SED), the orthogonal strains (e x , e y , e z ) and the three shear strains (e xy , e yz , e zx ). For cortical regions, regression analysis showed SED to correlate extremely well with ΔBV/BS (R 2 =0.82) and e z (R 2=0.89). Furthermore, SED was found to predict expansion of the cortical shell correlating significantly with the regional percentage increases in cortical tissue volume (R 2 = 0.92), cortical marrow volume (R 2 =0.91) and cortical thickness (R 2 = 0.56). For trabecular regions, FE parameters were found not to correlate with load-induced trabecular bone morphology. These results indicate that load-induced cortical morphology can be predicted from population data, whereas the prediction of trabecular morphology requires subject-specific micro- architectur

Are neighbourhood social capital and availability of sports facilities related to sports participation among Dutch adolescents?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of this study is to explore whether availability of sports facilities, parks, and neighbourhood social capital (NSC) and their interaction are associated with leisure time sports participation among Dutch adolescents.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on complete data from the last wave of the YouRAction evaluation trial. Adolescents (n = 852) completed a questionnaire asking for sports participation, perceived NSC and demographics. Ecometric methods were used to aggregate perceived NSC to zip code level. Availability of sports facilities and parks was assessed by means of geographic information systems within the zip-code area and within a 1600 meter buffer. Multilevel logistic regression analyses, with neighborhood and individual as levels, were conducted to examine associations between physical and social environmental factors and leisure time sports participation. Simple slopes analysis was conducted to decompose interaction effects.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>NSC was significantly associated with sports participation (OR: 3.51 (95%CI: 1.18;10.41)) after adjustment for potential confounders. Availability of sports facilities and availability of parks were not associated with sports participation. A significant interaction between NSC and density of parks within the neighbourhood area (OR: 1.22 (90%CI: 1.01;1.34)) was found. Decomposition of the interaction term showed that adolescents were most likely to engage in leisure time sports when both availability of parks and NSC were highest.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The results of this study indicate that leisure time sports participation is associated with levels of NSC, but not with availability of parks or sports facilities. In addition, NSC and availability of parks in the zip code area interacted in such a way that leisure time sports participation is most likely among adolescents living in zip code areas with higher levels of NSC, and higher availability of parks. Hence, availability of parks appears only to be important for leisure time sports participation when NSC is high.</p

Aging, Osteocytes, and Mechanotransduction

status: publishe

Femoral stiffness and strength critically depend on loading angle: a parametric study in a mouse-inbred strain

Biomechanical tests of human femora have shown that small variations of the loading direction result in significant changes in measured bone mechanical properties. However, the heterogeneity in geometrical and bone tissue properties does not make human bones well suited to reproducibly assess the effects of loading direction on stiffness and strength. To precisely quantify the influence of loading direction on stiffness and strength of femora loaded at the femoral head, we tested femora from C57BL/6 inbred mice. We developed an image-based alignment protocol and investigated the loading direction influence on proximal femur stiffness and strength. An aluminum femoral phantom and C57BL/6 femora were tested under compression with different loading directions. Both tests, with the aluminum phantom and the murine bones, showed and quantified the linear dependence of stiffness on loading direction: a 5° change in loading direction resulted in almost 30% change in stiffness. Murine bone testing also revealed and quantified the variation in strength due to loading direction: 5° change in loading direction resulted in 8.5% change in strength. In conclusion, this study quantified, for the first time, the influence of misalignment on bone stiffness and strength for femoral head loading. We showed the extreme sensitivity of this site regarding loading directio

Екслібриси Станіслава Шодуара на книжках родового бібліотечного зібрання Шодуарів у фондах НБУВ

Проаналізовано екслібриси з рукописно-книжкового зібрання найвідомішого представника роду баронів Шодуарів – Станіслава Шодуара, зокрема, здійснений їх книгознавчий та мистецтвознавчий аналіз, визначено кількість та різновиди екслібрисів Станіслава Шодуара у різні періоди, атрибутовано авторство, встановлено роль екслібрисів у контексті формування та розвитку зібрання першої половини ХІХ ст.The author performs the analysis of the bookplates from the manuscript and book collection of the most famous member of the Chaudoir family – Stanislav Chaudoir. In particular, their bibliological and art analysis is carried out, the number and kinds of Chaudoir’s bookplates are defined, the authorship is attributed, the role of bookplates in the context of formation and growth of the collection if the 1st half of the 19th century is ascertained