Position of Women in Public Administration in Slovak Republic - the Case of Municipal Offices

Women present half of population in Slovak republic. Their position in society is still changing. Historical evidence shows, that despite of the same abilities of men and women, the position of women in society is often linked with taking care of children and household. Following the questionnaire survey results, this paper shows some similar trends of women position in private and public sector, especially the case of municipal offices as a part of public administration in Slovak republic

Evaluation of key positions and employees management level in manufacturing industry - The Czech case

Human resources management, especially the key employees management, has fundamental influence on companies' sustainable business, which has to be considered as the priority of any business functioning. The aim of this paper is to evaluate current level of the key positions and employees management in the Czech business environment and to propose a process of its effective implementation and application in practice. Online questionnaire survey was provided using 105 companies operating in manufacturing industry of the Moravian-Silesian region as the sample. Statistical methods of data analysis were used. Fisher exact test, coefficients Phi and Cramer's V were counted to test relations between variables. The survey results include an evaluation of the present situation as it comes to the use of the key positions and employees management system as well as an identification of interests in new system implementation. There was a low rate of use of given system in these business, with two thirds of companies showing an interest in implementing the new system. The process of implementation and the use of the key positions and employees in practice was proposed. The process is suggested in the way to make its content and form be a certain guide and help for companies to realize particular activities of this process. It would contribute to the successful realization of complex and systematic approach towards the work with the key positions and employees.Web of Science121art. no. 24

The influence of simulated body fluids on the apatite production

Táto bakalárska práca sa zaoberá skúmaním interakcie rôznych simulovaných telesných tekutín s keramickými biomateriálmi. Zahŕňa postupy prípravy tekutín, prípravu vzoriek a následnú analýzu ich vzájomnej interakcie. Jednotlivé vzorky biomateriálov boli vystavené pôsobeniu simulovanej telesnej tekutine určitú časovú dobu. Po uplynutí tejto doby bola stanovená zmena obsahu vápnika a fosforu v roztokoch. Súčasne bola urobená analýza povrchu vzoriek elektrónovým mikroskopom, kde sa preukázala či nepreukázala závislosť zmeny obsahu vápnika a fosforu. Analýza pomocou elektrónového mikroskopu ukázala tvorbu nových fáz na povrchu študovaných materiálov.This bachelor thesis deals with the interaction of various simulated body fluids with ceramic biomaterials. It includes fluid preparation, sample preparation and subsequent analysis of their interaction. Individual samples of biomaterials were exposed to a simulated body fluid for a certain amount of time. After this time, a change in the calcium and phosphorus content of the solutions was determined. At the same time, an electron microscope analysis of sample surface was performed where the dependence of calcium and phosphorus changes was demonstrated. Electron microscopy analysis revealed the formation of new phases on the surface of the studied materials.

Transcriptomic Identification of Iron-Regulated and Iron-Independent Gene Copies within the Heavily Duplicated Trichomonas vaginalis Genome

Gene duplication is an important evolutionary mechanism and no eukaryote has more duplicated gene families than the parasitic protist Trichomonas vaginalis. Iron is an essential nutrient for Trichomonas and plays a pivotal role in the establishment of infection, proliferation, and virulence. To gain insight into the role of iron in T. vaginalis gene expression and genome evolution, we screened iron-regulated genes using an oligonucleotide microarray for T. vaginalis and by comparative EST (expressed sequence tag) sequencing of cDNA libraries derived from trichomonads cultivated under iron-rich (+Fe) and iron-restricted (−Fe) conditions. Among 19,000 ESTs from both libraries, we identified 336 iron-regulated genes, of which 165 were upregulated under +Fe conditions and 171 under −Fe conditions. The microarray analysis revealed that 195 of 4,950 unique genes were differentially expressed. Of these, 117 genes were upregulated under +Fe conditions and 78 were upregulated under −Fe conditions. The results of both methods were congruent concerning the regulatory trends and the representation of gene categories. Under +Fe conditions, the expression of proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism, particularly in the energy metabolism of hydrogenosomes, and in methionine catabolism was increased. The iron–sulfur cluster assembly machinery and certain cysteine proteases are of particular importance among the proteins upregulated under −Fe conditions. A unique feature of the T. vaginalis genome is the retention during evolution of multiple paralogous copies for a majority of all genes. Although the origins and reasons for this gene expansion remain unclear, the retention of multiple gene copies could provide an opportunity to evolve differential expression during growth in variable environmental conditions. For genes whose expression was affected by iron, we found that iron influenced the expression of only some of the paralogous copies, whereas the expression of the other paralogs was iron independent. This finding indicates a very stringent regulation of the differentially expressed paralogous genes in response to changes in the availability of exogenous nutrients and provides insight into the evolutionary rationale underlying massive paralog retention in the Trichomonas genome

Analysis of diverse eukaryotes suggests the existence of an ancestral mitochondrial apparatus derived from the bacterial type II secretion system

The type 2 secretion system (T2SS) is present in some Gram-negative eubacteria and used to secrete proteins across the outer membrane. Here we report that certain representative heteroloboseans, jakobids, malawimonads and hemimastigotes unexpectedly possess homologues of core T2SS components. We show that at least some of them are present in mitochondria, and their behaviour in biochemical assays is consistent with the presence of a mitochondrial T2SS-derived system (miT2SS). We additionally identified 23 protein families co-occurring with miT2SS in eukaryotes. Seven of these proteins could be directly linked to the core miT2SS by functional data and/or sequence features, whereas others may represent different parts of a broader functional pathway, possibly also involving the peroxisome. Its distribution in eukaryotes and phylogenetic evidence together indicate that the miT2SS-centred pathway is an ancestral eukaryotic trait. Our findings thus have direct implications for the functional properties of the early mitochondrion

Reductive Evolution of the Mitochondrial Processing Peptidases of the Unicellular Parasites Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia intestinalis

Mitochondrial processing peptidases are heterodimeric enzymes (α/βMPP) that play an essential role in mitochondrial biogenesis by recognizing and cleaving the targeting presequences of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. The two subunits are paralogues that probably evolved by duplication of a gene for a monomeric metallopeptidase from the endosymbiotic ancestor of mitochondria. Here, we characterize the MPP-like proteins from two important human parasites that contain highly reduced versions of mitochondria, the mitosomes of Giardia intestinalis and the hydrogenosomes of Trichomonas vaginalis. Our biochemical characterization of recombinant proteins showed that, contrary to a recent report, the Trichomonas processing peptidase functions efficiently as an α/β heterodimer. By contrast, and so far uniquely among eukaryotes, the Giardia processing peptidase functions as a monomer comprising a single βMPP-like catalytic subunit. The structure and surface charge distribution of the Giardia processing peptidase predicted from a 3-D protein model appear to have co-evolved with the properties of Giardia mitosomal targeting sequences, which, unlike classic mitochondrial targeting signals, are typically short and impoverished in positively charged residues. The majority of hydrogenosomal presequences resemble those of mitosomes, but longer, positively charged mitochondrial-type presequences were also identified, consistent with the retention of the Trichomonas αMPP-like subunit. Our computational and experimental/functional analyses reveal that the divergent processing peptidases of Giardia mitosomes and Trichomonas hydrogenosomes evolved from the same ancestral heterodimeric α/βMPP metallopeptidase as did the classic mitochondrial enzyme. The unique monomeric structure of the Giardia enzyme, and the co-evolving properties of the Giardia enzyme and substrate, provide a compelling example of the power of reductive evolution to shape parasite biology

Iron-sulfur proteins and the role of iron in the gene expression of Trichomonas vaginalis

Iron is an essential nutrient for the parasitic protist Trichomonas vaginalis as a component of iron-sulfur (FeS) proteins that are indispensable for energy metabolism of the parasite. The FeS clusters are formed by FeS cluster (ISC) assembly machinery that resides, together with a number of FeS proteins, in Trichomonas hydrogenosomes. These double-membrane bound organelles, which are related to mitochondria, metabolize malate and pyruvate and produce ATP and molecular hydrogen. To obtain more complete information about hydrogenosomal pathways with particular focus on FeS proteins and ISC machinery, we participated on analysis of T. vaginalis genome sequence. To predict hydrogenosomal localization of putative gene products, we developed an application "Hunter" for the in silico searching for N-terminal presequences that are required for protein targeting into the hydrogenosomes. This approach substantially contributed to annotate genes coding for hydrogenosomal proteins that provided base for construction of novel map of hydrogenosomal metabolism as well as for following proteomic studies. Investigation of hydrogenosomal proteins led to identification of three members of Hyd machinery that is required for the maturation of the specific FeS cluster of hydrogenases named H cluster. T. vaginalis is,..

Železo-sirné proteiny a vliv železa na genovou expresi u Trichomonas vaginalis

Iron is an essential nutrient for the parasitic protist Trichomonas vaginalis as a component of iron-sulfur (FeS) proteins that are indispensable for energy metabolism of the parasite. The FeS clusters are formed by FeS cluster (ISC) assembly machinery that resides, together with a number of FeS proteins, in Trichomonas hydrogenosomes. These double-membrane bound organelles, which are related to mitochondria, metabolize malate and pyruvate and produce ATP and molecular hydrogen. To obtain more complete information about hydrogenosomal pathways with particular focus on FeS proteins and ISC machinery, we participated on analysis of T. vaginalis genome sequence. To predict hydrogenosomal localization of putative gene products, we developed an application "Hunter" for the in silico searching for N-terminal presequences that are required for protein targeting into the hydrogenosomes. This approach substantially contributed to annotate genes coding for hydrogenosomal proteins that provided base for construction of novel map of hydrogenosomal metabolism as well as for following proteomic studies. Investigation of hydrogenosomal proteins led to identification of three members of Hyd machinery that is required for the maturation of the specific FeS cluster of hydrogenases named H cluster. T. vaginalis is,...Železo je pro parazitického bičíkovce Trichomonas vaginalis jednou ze základních živin. Tento prvek je nepostradatelnou součástí železo-sirných (FeS) proteinů, které katalyzují energetický metabolismus trichomonád. FeS proteiny vznikají za pomoci specializovaného souboru proteinů zvaného "iron sulfur cluster assembly" (ISC) mašinerie. Tato mašinerie sídlí u trichomonád v hydrogenosomu. Hydrogenosomy jsou mitochondrii příbuzné organely ohraničené dvěma membránami, které zpracovávají malát a pyruvát a produkují ATP. Během zpracování genomové sekvence T. vaginalis jsme se zaměřili na získání kompletní informace o hydrogenosomálních metabolických drahách, ve kterých se uplatňují FeS proteiny. Byla vytvořena aplikace schopná in silico identifikovat N-koncové adresové sekvence u proteinů určených k doručení do hydrogenosomů. Výsledky této analýzy výrazně usnadnily anotace hydrogenosomálních genů a staly se tak základem pro sestavení nové metabolické mapy hydrogenosomu i pro následné studium hydrogenosmálního proteomu. Tyto studie vedly k identifikaci tří proteinů nazvaných HydE, Hyf a HydG, které jsou součástí takzvané Hyd mašinérie. Tato mašinérie je nutná k maturaci specifického FeS klastru, který je aktivním místem typického hydrogenosomálního proteinu hydrogenázy. T. vaginalis ja v současné době...Department of ParasitologyKatedra parazitologieFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Neodvedení daně, pojistného na sociální zabezpečení, na zdravotní pojištění a příspěvku na státní politiku zaměstnanosti

Import 20/04/2006Prezenční výpůjčkaVŠB - Technická univerzita Ostrava. Ekonomická fakulta. Katedra (119) práv