Limited ER quality control for GPI-anchored proteins

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control mechanisms target terminally misfolded proteins for ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Misfolded glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are, however, generally poor ERAD substrates and are targeted mainly to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation, leading to predictions that a GPI anchor sterically obstructs ERAD. Here we analyzed the degradation of the misfolded GPI-AP Gas1* in yeast. We could efficiently route Gas1* to Hrd1-dependent ERAD and provide evidence that it contains a GPI anchor, ruling out that a GPI anchor obstructs ERAD. Instead, we show that the normally decreased susceptibility of Gas1* to ERAD is caused by canonical remodeling of its GPI anchor, which occurs in all GPI-APs and provides a protein-independent ER export signal. Thus, GPI anchor remodeling is independent of protein folding and leads to efficient ER export of even misfolded species. Our data imply that ER quality control is limited for the entire class of GPI-APs, many of them being clinically relevantEspaña, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación BFU2014-59309-PEspaña, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación BFU2009-07290España, Junta de Andalucía P09-CVI-450

Empleo de Laboratorios Virtuales en el Espacio Europeo de Enseñanza

Desde hace dos años, la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV) está potenciando el desarrollo de “Proyectos de Adaptación al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior” (PAEEES). Bajo este marco de trabajo, un grupo de profesores creó en el año 2004 el grupo de trabajo “Nuevas Tecnologías para el Aprendizaje Activo” (NTA2). Por otro lado, los laboratorios virtuales son una excelente herramienta para cumplir con algunos de los objetivos del Espacio Europeo de Enseñanza Superior (EEES). En esta ponencia se presentan los objetivos del grupo NTA2. A continuación, se describen los objetivos de un proyecto PAEEES propuesto por el grupo NTA2 y finalmente se describe con detalle una de las seis acciones que componen al proyecto PAEEES, en concreto nos referimos a la acción especial Laboratorios Virtuales

Protective Effect of Red Algae (Rhodophyta) Extracts on Essential Dietary Components of Heat-Treated Salmon

Salmon paste contains nutritious components such as essential fatty acids (EPA, DHA), vitamin E and astaxanthin, which can be protected with the addition of red algae extracts. Phenolic extracts were prepared with an ethanol: water mixture (1:1) from the red seaweeds Gracilaria chilensis, Gelidium chilense, Iridaea larga, Gigartina chamissoi, Gigartina skottsbergii and Gigartina radula, obtained from the Pacific Ocean. Most algae had a high content of protein (>7.2%), fiber (>55%) and β-glucans (>4.9%), all expressed on a dry weight basis. Total polyphenols (TP), total flavonoids (TF), antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP) and antibacterial power of the extracts were measured. In addition, the nutritional components of the algae were determined. Results showed that the content of TP in the six algae varied between 2.6 and 11.3 mg EAG/g dw and between 2.2 and 9.6 for TF. Also, the extracts of G. skottsbergii, G. chamissoi, G. radula and G. chilensis showed the highest antiradical activity (DPPH, FRAP). All samples exhibited a low production of primary oxidation products, and protection of the essential components and the endogenous antioxidants tocopherols and astaxanthin, particularly in the case of G. skottsbergii, G. chamissoi, G. radula and G. chilensis. Furthermore, all algae had inhibitory activity against the tested microorganisms, coincident with their antioxidant capacity. Results show that the extracts may have future applications in the development and preservation of essential dietary components of healthy foodsS

CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in bone marrow to fatty acids in high-fat diets

Obesity is associated with disruptions in the adaptive immune system; however, dietary fatty acids in high-fat diets (HFDs) that induce obesity have consequences that are currently unclear regarding T-cell maintenance in bone marrow (BM). C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to isocaloric HFDs formulated with dietary fats rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), or MUFAs supplemented with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids for 20 weeks, followed by an analysis of the immunophenotypic feature of lymphocytes (CD3+) T and their subsets CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in spleen and BM, identification of fatty acids in BM extracellular fluid and analysis of the correspondence between fatty acids with the frequency of T-cell subsets in BM. Splenic CD3+ T cells were reduced irrespective of HFDs. In BM, CD3+ T cells were reduced after HFD-SFAs, while CD4+ T cells were increased after HFDs enriched in MUFAs and CD8+ T cells were reduced irrespective of HFDs. In BM extracellular fluid, the content of palmitic and myristic acids increased after HFD-SFAs and that of oleic acid increased after HFDs enriched in MUFAs. There was a statistical correspondence between HFD-induced changes in fatty acids in BM extracellular fluid and HFD-induced changes in the frequency of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells in BM. These findings reveal an undervalued critical role for dietary fatty acids in the selective acquisition of T-cell subsets in BM, highlighting that oleic acid existing in the surroundings of T-cell niches during HFD-induced obesity could be instrumental in the maintenance of CD4+ T cells.Fondo Social Europeo y Universidad de Sevilla-VPPI-USConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Juan de la Cierva-FJCI-2017-3313

Proyecciones de cambio climático para el caudal de invierno del río Guadalquivir

Ponencia presentada en: IX Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en Almería entre el 28 y el 30 de octubre de 2014.[ES]En este trabajo se han obtenido proyecciones de cambio climático para el caudal de invierno del río Guadalquivir en el periodo 2071-2100 usando el método de regresión de componentes principales (PCR). La base de datos de caudales empleada ha sido suministrada por el Centro Estudios y Experimentación de Obras Públicas, CEDEX. En ella se han considerado series provenientes de estaciones de aforo y embalses con un número de datos faltantes inferior al 10% (rellenados mediante regresión con estaciones vecinas bien correlacionadas). La homogeneidad de estas series se ha evaluado a través del test de Pettit y su grado de alteración antrópica mediante el índice de área común. La aplicación de estos criterios ha dado lugar a la selección de 13 series de caudal distribuidas homogéneamente sobre la cuenca, cubriendo el periodo 1952-2008. Para estos datos de caudal, los valores estacionales de invierno se han obtenido mediante el promedio de los valores mensuales de enero a marzo.[EN]In this work we have obtained climate change projections for the winter streamflow of the Guadalquivir River in the period 2071-2100 using the Principal Component Regression (PCR) method. The streamflow data base used has been provided by the Center for Studies and Experimentation of Public Works, CEDEX. It is considered series from gauging stations and reservoirs with less than 10% of missing data (filled by regression with well correlated neighboring stations). The homogeneity of these series has been evaluated through the Pettit test and degree of human alteration by the common area index. The application of these criteria led to the selection of 13 streamflow time series homogeneously distributed over the basin, covering the period 1952-2008. For this streamflow data, winter seasonal values were obtained by averaging the monthly values from January to March.Este trabajo ha sido subvencionado por los proyectos CGL2010-21188/CLI (MICINN, FEDER) y P11-RNM-7941 (Junta de Andalucía)

Momento Económico (48)

INDICE. En este número La importancia actual del conocimiento científico. La actual política forestal. Deuda externa: sigue la danza de las cifras. México: el nuevo contexto. Sobre la intervención económica del Estado. México: candidato al cambio estructural en el marco de la transformación global. La industria de bienes de capital, ausente en el Informe. La actividad industrial en el Primer Informe de Gobierno. México: "Modernización" financiera. El desarrollo urbano de México ante el Primer Informe de Gobierno de Salinas. Perspectivas para las ciudades. El deterioro del sector externo en la economía mexicana, el gran ausente en el Informe Presidencial. VII Seminario de Economía Mexicana "Reestructuración Productiva: Política Económica y Perspectivas de Desarrollo." Temas de hoy

CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in bone marrow to fatty acids in high-fat diets

13 Páginas.-- 5 Figuras.--3 TablasObesity is associated with disruptions in the adaptive immune system; however, dietary fatty acids in high-fat diets (HFDs) that induce obesity have consequences that are currently unclear regarding T-cell maintenance in bone marrow (BM). C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to isocaloric HFDs formulated with dietary fats rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), or MUFAs supplemented with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids for 20 weeks, followed by an analysis of the immunophenotypic feature of lymphocytes (CD3+) T and their subsets CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in spleen and BM, identification of fatty acids in BM extracellular fluid and analysis of the correspondence between fatty acids with the frequency of T-cell subsets in BM. Splenic CD3+ T cells were reduced irrespective of HFDs. In BM, CD3+ T cells were reduced after HFD-SFAs, while CD4+ T cells were increased after HFDs enriched in MUFAs and CD8+ T cells were reduced irrespective of HFDs. In BM extracellular fluid, the content of palmitic and myristic acids increased after HFD-SFAs and that of oleic acid increased after HFDs enriched in MUFAs. There was a statistical correspondence between HFD-induced changes in fatty acids in BM extracellular fluid and HFD-induced changes in the frequency of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells in BM. These findings reveal an undervalued critical role for dietary fatty acids in the selective acquisition of T-cell subsets in BM, highlighting that oleic acid existing in the surroundings of T-cell niches during HFD-induced obesity could be instrumental in the maintenance of CD4+ T cells.This work was supported by a grant AGL2016-80852-R funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe.”Peer reviewe

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Saberes de prevención en padres de familia sobre el embarazo en adolescentes.

El embarazo en la adolescencia es aquella gestación que ocurre durante los dos primeros años de edad ginecológica y/o cuando la adolescente mantiene la total dependencia social y económica de la familia parental. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) establece la adolescencia entre los 10 y los 19 años. El embarazo en adolescentes es un problema en salud pública debido a la magnitud y al impacto biopsicosocial, económico y educativo que provoca. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los saberes de prevención del embarazo que poseen los padres de familia con hijos adolescentes de 10 a 19 años en las comunidades rurales del departamento de El Progreso. Es un estudio cualitativo, en donde los participantes fueron padres y madres con hijos adolescentes de 10 a 19 años que habitan en las comunidades del Área de Salud de El Progreso, se realizaron 30 grupos focales en 18 comunidades, donde los estudiantes realizaron su práctica rural supervisada; la información fue transcrita conforme a las subcategorías, elaborando un análisis e interpretación por objetivo