RETURN FROM UTOPIA: THE MONTALDO COLLECTION AND THE END OF THE ICARIAN DREAM

In 1848, Étienne Cabet moved to the United States with several hundred followers to implement the utopian society he had envisioned in Voyage en Icarie (1840)in American soil. Among the followers of Cabet, there were some Catalans such as Narcís Monturiol, Francisco José de Orellana, Joan Rovira, and Ignacio Montaldo. Rovira and Montaldo joined Cabet in his travel to America from Europe in 1848. In 1992, a retired librarian from Harvard University reported the existence of letters and documents "to and from" Ignacio Montaldo. Copies of these letters, written mainly in French and Spanish, are currently held at the Icarian Studies Center at Western Illinois University. To our knowledge, the letters have not been transcribed, translated or published. This may be attributed to difficulty to understand the letters due to the physical conditions of the documents. The main contribution of this article is the translation into English of the letters of the Montaldo Collection written in Spanish. (1) Finally, the content of these letters will reveal the particular impact that the defeat of the Spanish liberal project of the Progressive Biennium (1854-1856) had for Spanish Icarians

RETURN FROM UTOPIA: THE MONTALDO COLLECTION AND THE END OF THE ICARIAN DREAM

In 1848, Étienne Cabet moved to the United States with several hundred followers to implement the utopian society he had envisioned in Voyage en Icarie (1840)in American soil. Among the followers of Cabet, there were some Catalans such as Narcís Monturiol, Francisco José de Orellana, Joan Rovira, and Ignacio Montaldo. Rovira and Montaldo joined Cabet in his travel to America from Europe in 1848. In 1992, a retired librarian from Harvard University reported the existence of letters and documents "to and from" Ignacio Montaldo. Copies of these letters, written mainly in French and Spanish, are currently held at the Icarian Studies Center at Western Illinois University. To our knowledge, the letters have not been transcribed, translated or published. This may be attributed to difficulty to understand the letters due to the physical conditions of the documents. The main contribution of this article is the translation into English of the letters of the Montaldo Collection written in Spanish. (1) Finally, the content of these letters will reveal the particular impact that the defeat of the Spanish liberal project of the Progressive Biennium (1854-1856) had for Spanish Icarians

Estrategia de marketing digital para la marca “Kuskat Lab”.

El presente informe tiene como fin primordial reflejar de manera condensada, los conocimientos obtenidos en el Curso de Especialización de Medios Digitales y Redes Sociales, impartido como un nuevo enfoque de la carrera de Licenciatura en Periodismo de la Universidad de El Salvador. Este nuevo enfoque también representa retos importantes a la hora de comunicar y construir una imagen de marca por medio de los recursos tecnológicos actuales, ya que cada estudiante ha creado una marca personal de sus servicios comunicacionales, productos o emprendimientos familiares. El objetivo principal de este enfoque es exponer las acciones a ejecutar para potenciar de la mejor manera una marca personal. Supeditado a lo anterior, una persona puede construir una marca personal para posicionarse en un determinado rubro y ofrecer sus servicios o productos dependiendo de su experticia profesional, este puede ayudar a definir potenciales clientes así como delimitar los campos de acción de la marca. Para desarrollar una marca personal, lo primero que se debe hacer es crear una estrategia digital, la cual debe partir de una determinada línea grafica, paletas de colores, elaborar planes de acción, establecer cronogramas de actividades y todas las acciones metódicas que permitan cumplir los objetivos establecidos. En concreto, al crear la estrategia digital, basada en los puntos clave de acción, determinara que la marca sea posicionada como referente dentro de un mercado específico dentro de las redes sociales

RETURN FROM UTOPIA: THE MONTALDO COLLECTION AND THE END OF THE ICARIAN DREAM

Abstract: In 1848, Étienne Cabet moved to the United States with several hundred followers to implement the utopian society he had envisioned in Voyage en Icarie (1840)in American soil. Among the followers of Cabet, there were some Catalans such as Narcís Monturiol, Francisco José de Orellana, Joan Rovira, and Ignacio Montaldo. Rovira and Montaldo joined Cabet in his travel to America from Europe in 1848. In 1992, a retired librarian from Harvard University reported the existence of letters and documents "to and from" Ignacio Montaldo. Copies of these letters, written mainly in French and Spanish, are currently held at the Icarian Studies Center at Western Illinois University. To our knowledge, the letters have not been transcribed, translated or published. This may be attributed to difficulty to understand the letters due to the physical conditions of the documents. The main contribution of this article is the translation into English of the letters of the Montaldo Collection written in Spanish. (1) Finally, the content of these letters will reveal the particular impact that the defeat of the Spanish liberal project of the Progressive Biennium (1854-1856) had for Spanish Icarians

On the relation between algebraic and configuration space calculations of molecular vibrations

The relation between algebraic and traditional calculations of molecular vibrations is investigated. An explicit connection between interactions in configuration space and the corresponding algebraic interactions is established.European Community IN105194Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica (DGCYT) PB92-066

Mechanistic understanding of the behavior of diuron in the adsorption from water onto activated carbon

The adsorption of diuron from aqueous phase by activated carbon has been analyzed from a molecular point of view thanks to a computational approach based on COSMO-RS methodology, with the aim of providing a mechanistic explanation of the experimental results. The adsorption experiments were carried out at different pH values (3-7) and temperatures (15-45 °C) using an activated carbon prepared by chemical activation of grape seeds. The most relevant characteristics of the adsorption of diuron were the increase of diuron uptake with temperature and the occurrence of multilayer adsorption at high equilibrium concentrations. Likewise, the contribution of cooperative adsorption was also found to increase with temperate, as shown by the change of the isotherm pattern from L-3 type (Giles classification) at 15 °C to S-3 at 45 °C. The formation of multilayer and the contribution of cooperative adsorption were not observed at the highest pH studied The results obtained from the computational approach were consistent with the trends shown by the experimental data. The molecular and thermodynamic properties of the solvent-adsorbate-adsorbent system were estimated using the quantum-chemical COSMO-RS method. Thus, the increase in diuron uptake at increasing temperature was ascribed to a higher population of diuron planar conformers, whose affinity for activated carbon is higher as evaluated in terms of the activated carbon/water partition coefficient. COSMO-RS simulations predicted strong interaction among diuron molecules due to the amphoteric character of the molecule. Likewise, the formation of clusters was found to be especially favored from a thermodynamic point of view in the case of planar conformers adsorbed on activated carbon, which supports the occurrence of cooperative adsorption and the formation of a multilayerWe greatly appreciate financial support from the Spanish MCYT (CTQ2009-09983 and CSD2006-44) and CAM (REMTAVARES S-2009/AMB-1588

Removal of chlorinated organic volatile compounds by gas phase adsorption with activated carbon

This paper discusses the removal of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (Cl-VOCs) from gas streams by means of fixed-bed adsorption with a commercial activated carbon (AC). Column experiments were performed at different conditions (inlet concentration, temperature, pressure, gas flow rate and bed length). A two-parameter model introduced by Yoon and Nelson was applied to predict the entire breakthrough curves for chloromethane adsorption. Complete regeneration of the exhausted AC was performed at mild conditions (atmospheric pressure and room temperature). In order to gain a better knowledge on the effect of the surface chemistry of AC on the adsorption of Cl-VOCs, the quantum-chemical COSMO-RS method was used to simulate the interactions between AC surface groups and different Cl-VOCs as monochloromethane, dichloromethane and trichloromethane. This information can be useful for tailoring the ACs with the objective of improving their adsorption capacities by further functionalization. To confirm this, the commercial AC tested was modified by means of different thermal and oxidative treatments (nitric acid and ammonium persulfate), being the surface chemistry and textural properties of the resulting materials characterized by different techniques. The modified ACs were then tested in column adsorption experiment with different Cl-VOCs. The uptake of these compounds increased with the basic character of the AC surfaceThe authors are grateful to the Spanish “Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)” and “Comunidad de Madrid” for financial support (Projects CTQ2011-26758, CTQ2009-09983 and S2009/PPQ-1545

Biophysics of active vesicle transport, an intermediate step that couples excitation and exocytosis of serotonin in the neuronal soma

Transmitter exocytosis from the neuronal soma is evoked by brief trains of high frequency electrical activity and continues for several minutes. Here we studied how active vesicle transport towards the plasma membrane contributes to this slow phenomenon in serotonergic leech Retzius neurons, by combining electron microscopy, the kinetics of exocytosis obtained from FM1-43 dye fluorescence as vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane, and a diffusion equation incorporating the forces of local confinement and molecular motors. Electron micrographs of neurons at rest or after stimulation with 1 Hz trains showed cytoplasmic clusters of dense core vesicles at 1.5±0.2 and 3.7±0.3 µm distances from the plasma membrane, to which they were bound through microtubule bundles. By contrast, after 20 Hz stimulation vesicle clusters were apposed to the plasma membrane, suggesting that transport was induced by electrical stimulation. Consistently, 20 Hz stimulation of cultured neurons induced spotted FM1-43 fluorescence increases with one or two slow sigmoidal kinetics, suggesting exocytosis from an equal number of vesicle clusters. These fluorescence increases were prevented by colchicine, which suggested microtubule-dependent vesicle transport. Model fitting to the fluorescence kinetics predicted that 52-951 vesicles/cluster were transported along 0.60-6.18 µm distances at average 11-95 nms−1 velocities. The ATP cost per vesicle fused (0.4-72.0), calculated from the ratio of the ΔGprocess/ΔGATP, depended on the ratio of the traveling velocity and the number of vesicles in the cluster. Interestingly, the distance-dependence of the ATP cost per vesicle was bistable, with low energy values at 1.4 and 3.3 µm, similar to the average resting distances of the vesicle clusters, and a high energy barrier at 1.6-2.0 µm. Our study confirms that active vesicle transport is an intermediate step for somatic serotonin exocytosis by Retzius neurons and provides a quantitative method for analyzing similar phenomena in other cell types