Shipping emissions over Europe: a state-of-the-art and comparative analysis

Several emission inventories exist for Europe, which include emissions originating from ship traffic in European sea areas. However, few comparisons of these inventories, in particular focusing on specific emission sectors like shipping, exist in literature. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review and compare commonly used, and freely available, emission inventories available for the European domain, specifically for shipping and its main pollutants (NOx, SOx and PM10). Five different inventories were considered which include shipping activity: 1) EMEP; 2) TNO-MACC_III; 3) E-PRTR; 4) EDGAR and 5) STEAM. The inventories were initially compared in terms of total emission values and their spatial distribution. The total emission values are largely in agreement (with the exception of E-PRTR), however, the spatial representation shows significant differences in the emission distribution, in particular over the Mediterranean region. As for the contribution of shipping to overall emissions, this sector represent on average 16%, 11% and 5% of total NOx, SOx and PM10 emissions, respectively. Recommendations are given regarding the specific use of each available inventory.Thanks are due for the financial support to CESAM (UID/AMB/50017 -POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007638), FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC), the co-funding by FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020, for the AIRSHIP project (PTDC/AAG-MAA/2569/2014 - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016752). And for the post doc and doc grants of J. Ferreira (SFRH/BPD/100346/2014) and C. Gama (SFRH/BD/87468/2012) . To TNO for access to the TNO-MACC_III emission inventory, and Hugo Denier van der Gon and Jeroen J. P. Kuenen for their support regarding the TNO emission inventory. Finally, to Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen et al. for access to their emissions inventory, STEAM.publishe

Morfoanatomia foliar em mudas de Schinus terebinthifolius sob diferentes níveis de saturação hídrica.

As características morfológicas e anatômicas foliares de espécies vegetais são importantes indicadores de sua ecologia e de seus hábitats. Objetivou-se caracterizar a plasticidade fenotípica de Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi em diferentes condições de saturação hídrica. As mudas foram produzidas em tubetes plásticos, permanecendo em estufa por quatro meses, sendo irrigadas normalmente. Em seguida foram submetidas aos tratamentos: T1- testemunha, T2- alagamento parcial e T3- alagamento total. Após três semanas sob alagamento, foram realizadas descrições anatômicas foliares comparativas e avaliadas as características morfológicas área foliar, área específica foliar, espessura foliar, teor de água e densidade estomática. Durante 10 semanas foram observadas as modificações fenotípicas adaptativas. Foi observado aumento da espessura da base do caule, clorose e abscisão foliar, surgimento de lenticelas e raízes adventícias. Após três semanas de alagamento, não foram verificadas grandes modificações na morfologia das folhas, principalmente para a AF e AEF. Em T3, o teor de água foi maior e a espessura foliar menor. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos para DE. Quanto aos aspectos anatômicos, observou-se uma redução na espessura do mesofilo e das nervuras, assim como a produção de compostos fenólicos por alguns tipos celulares. Os espaços intercelulares são progressivamente mais amplos nas plantas submetidas ao alagament

Artificial reefs: from ecological processes to fishing enhancement tools

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Emerging and under-recognized Chagas cardiomyopathy in non-endemic countries

Due to recent population emigration movements, an epidemic of Chagas disease is currently menacing most developed countries. The authors report the case of a 53-year-old Brazilian woman living in Europe for the last 10 years who developed heart failure symptoms, having a previous symptomatic sinus node disease with a pacemaker implant at age of 40 years. The diagnosis was based on serology and myocardial biopsy and the patient was treated with nifurtimox. The authors emphasize the need of a high level of suspicion in patients with suggestive epidemiology and the need of populational screening of specific high risk groups. New treatment options are also discussed

Seroconversion Rate Following HBV Vaccination in Clinical Practice: The Role of Age and DMT Treatment

HBV screening and immunization is recommended in all MS patients and is mandatory before the start of some DMT. However, studies evaluating the immune response to HBV vaccine in MS patients are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the seroprotection rate following HBV immunization in MS patients and to assess if older age and DMT-treatment influenced seroprotection. We conducted a cohort study between 2016 and 2020 and compared the immune response to HBV vaccine in MS patients under different DMTs and in patients 50 years old or younger and older than 50. We found that patients under non-injectable DMT presented lower rates of seroprotection comparing to patients under injectable DMT's or without treatment. In patients older than 50, although the seroprotection rate was similar to the remaining patients, the antibody anti-HBV surface antigen titers following HBV immunization were lower and patients were more likely to require a 4th dose of the vaccine to achieve seroprotection. Our findings highlight to need to consider HBV immunization in MS patients early in the disease course, in order to ensure a proper immune response to the vaccine.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio