Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 34, No. 4

• Coverlets • Sign Painting • Reverse Painting on Glass • Kites • Snake Lore • Horncraft • Weathervanes and Country Signs • Festival Focus • Sheep Shearing & Natural Knits • Bread Baking Among the Pennsylvania Dutch • The Craft of Rushing • Toy Soldier Casting • Pennsylvania Dutch Humor • Fireside Brooms and Whirligigs • Springerlehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pafolklifemag/1108/thumbnail.jp

A longitudinal study of adolescents’ judgments of the attractiveness of facial symmetry, averageness and sexual dimorphism

Adolescents have been found to differ by age in their attraction to facial symmetry, averageness, and sexual dimorphism. However, it has not been demonstrated that attraction to these facial characters changes over time as a consequence of age-linked development. We aimed to extend previous cross-sectional findings by examining whether facial attractiveness judgments change over time during adolescence as a consequence of increasing age, in a within-subjects study of two cohorts of adolescents aged 11–16. Consistent with previous findings, we find that adolescents (often particularly females) judged faces with increased averageness, symmetry and femininity to be more attractive than original, asymmetric and masculine faces, respectively. However, we do not find longitudinal changes in face preference judgments across the course of a year, leading us to question the extent to which some of the previously reported differences in facial attractiveness judgments between younger and older adolescents were due to age-linked changes

Epstein-Barr Virus Stimulates Torque Teno Virus Replication: A Possible Relationship to Multiple Sclerosis

Viral infections have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has frequently been investigated as a possible candidate and torque teno virus (TTV) has also been discussed in this context. Nevertheless, mechanistic aspects remain unresolved. We report viral replication, as measured by genome amplification, as well as quantitative PCR of two TTV-HD14 isolates isolated from multiple sclerosis brain in a series of EBV-positive and -negative lymphoblastoid and Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines. Our results demonstrate the replication of both transfected TTV genomes up to day 21 post transfection in all the evaluated cell lines. Quantitative amplification indicates statistically significant enhanced TTV replication in the EBV-positive cell lines, including the EBV-converted BJAB line, in comparison to the EBV-negative Burkitt's lymphoma cell line BJAB. This suggests a helper effect of EBV infections in the replication of TTV. The present study provides information on a possible interaction of EBV and TTV in the etiology and progression of multiple sclerosis

Globalized Trade, Logistics and Intermodality: European Perspectives

This chapter describes megatrends that are shaping international trade, logistics organization and (multi)modal transport in Europe. It focuses on impacts on the European context, both from the peculiarities arising from the European uni?cation process and the European transport policies but also taking into account the highly fragmented transport market that tries to cope with the increased level of congestion, the threat of increasing taxes and fuel prices as well as the ever increasing service requirements. The main message of this chapter is that there is an increasing need for consolidation and collaboration in supply chains resulting in hybrid multi-echelon networks using multiple routing options. The principles behind the design of these networks are clari?ed, and the way these networks can be implemented in a multimodal context is presented through a description of the multimodal transport market in Europe as well as by giving a number of examples that clarify the way these networks can operate. The present trend of increasing transport costs because of internalization of external costs and higher fuel prices will strengthen the possibilities for using slow modes of transport in combination with fast modes, when necessary