Palladium-Catalyzed C8 Alkylation of 1‑Naphthylamides with Alkyl Halides via Bidentate-Chelation Assistance

A Pd-catalyzed regioselective alkylation of C8–H bonds in 1-naphthylamides containing a quinolinamide or picolinamide moiety as a bidentate directing group with alkyl halides is reported. The amide directing group can be easily hydrolyzed under basic conditions. Various alkyl halides including alkyl iodides and benzyl bromide or chloride can be employed as coupling partners, exclusively providing 8-alkyl-1-naphthylamide derivatives

Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Regioselective Arylation of Naphthylamides with Aryl Iodides Utilizing a Quinolinamide Bidentate System

A palladium­(II)-catalyzed quinolinamide-directed 8-arylation of 1-naphthylamides with aryl iodides is reported. The bidentate directing group (quinolinamide) proved to be crucial for a highly regioselective transformation. In addition, the amide directing group can be easily hydrolyzed under basic conditions to offer a range of 8-aryl-1-naphthylamine derivatives. The theoretical calculations suggest that the C–H arylation reaction proceeds through a sequential C–H activation/oxidative addition pathway

Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Regioselective Arylation of Naphthylamides with Aryl Iodides Utilizing a Quinolinamide Bidentate System

A palladium­(II)-catalyzed quinolinamide-directed 8-arylation of 1-naphthylamides with aryl iodides is reported. The bidentate directing group (quinolinamide) proved to be crucial for a highly regioselective transformation. In addition, the amide directing group can be easily hydrolyzed under basic conditions to offer a range of 8-aryl-1-naphthylamine derivatives. The theoretical calculations suggest that the C–H arylation reaction proceeds through a sequential C–H activation/oxidative addition pathway

Pd-Catalyzed Arylation/Oxidation of Benzylic C–H Bond

A palladium-catalyzed benzylic C–H arylation/oxidation reaction leading to diaryl ketones has been accomplished. The indispensable role of the bidentate system is disclosed for this sequential process. This chemistry offers a direct new access to a range of diarylketones

Evaluation of Microvascular Anastomosis Using Real-Time, Ultra–High-Resolution, Fourier Domain Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography

BACKGROUND: Evolution and improvements in microsurgical techniques and tools have paved the way for super-microsurgical anastomoses with vessel diameters often approaching below 0.8 mm in the clinical realm and even smaller (0.2–0.3 mm) in murine models. Several imaging and monitoring devices have been introduced for post-operative monitoring but intra-operative guidance, assessment and predictability have remained limited to binocular optical microscope and surgeon’s experience. We present a high-resolution real time 3D imaging modality for intra-operative evaluation of luminal narrowing, thrombus formation and flow alterations. METHODS: An imaging modality that provides immediate, in-depth high resolution 3D structure view and flow information of the anastomosed site called phase resolved Doppler optical coherence tomography (PRDOCT) was developed. 22 mouse femoral artery anastomoses and 17 mouse venous anastomoses were performed and evaluated with PRDOCT. Flow status, vessel inner lumen 3D structure, and early thrombus detection were analyzed based on PRDOCT imaging results. Initial PRDOCT based predictions were correlated with actual long term surgical outcomes. Eventually four cases of mouse orthotopic limb transplantation were carried out and PRDOCT predicted long term patency were confirmed by actual results. RESULTS: PRDOCT was able to provide high-resolution 3D visualization of the vessel flow status and vessel inner lumen. The assessments based on PRDOCT visualization shows a 92% sensitivity and 90% specificity for arterial anastomoses and 90% sensitivity and 86% specificity for venous anastomoses. CONCLUSIONS: PRDOCT is an effective evaluation tool for microvascular anastomosis. It can predict the long term vessel patency with high sensitivity and specificity

Evaluation of microvascular anastomosis using real-time, ultra-high-resolution, Fourier domain Doppler optical coherence tomography.

BACKGROUND: Evolution in microsurgical techniques and tools has paved the way for supermicrosurgical anastomoses, with vessel diameters often approaching below 0.8 mm in the clinical realm and even smaller (0.2 to 0.3 mm) in murine models. Several imaging and monitoring devices have been introduced for postoperative monitoring, but intraoperative guidance, assessment, and predictability have remained limited to binocular optical microscopy and the surgeon\u27s experience. The authors present a high-resolution, real-time, three-dimensional imaging modality for intraoperative evaluation of luminal narrowing, thrombus formation, and flow alterations. METHODS: An imaging modality that provides immediate, in-depth, high-resolution, three-dimensional structure view and flow information of the anastomosed site, called phase-resolved Doppler optical coherence tomography, was developed. Twenty-two mouse femoral artery anastomoses and 17 mouse venous anastomoses were performed and evaluated. Flow status, vessel inner lumen three-dimensional structure, and early thrombus detection were analyzed based on imaging results. Predictions formed correlated with actual long-term surgical outcomes. Eventually, four cases of mouse orthotopic limb transplantation were carried out, and predicted long-term patency based on imaging results was confirmed by actual results. RESULTS: The assessments based on high-resolution three-dimensional visualization of the vessel flow status and inner lumen provided by phase-resolved Doppler optical coherence tomography show 92 percent sensitivity and 90 percent specificity for arterial anastomoses and 90 percent sensitivity and 86 percent specificity for venous anastomoses. CONCLUSIONS: Phase-resolved Doppler optical coherence tomography is an effective evaluation tool for microvascular anastomosis. It can predict the long-term vessel patency with high sensitivity and specificity