Astraeus II: Quantifying the impact of cosmic variance during the Epoch of Reionization

Next generation telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) will enable us to study the first billion years of our Universe in unprecedented detail. In this work we use the ASTRAEUS (semi-numerical rAdiative tranSfer coupling of galaxy formaTion and Reionization in N-body dArk mattEr simUlationS) framework, that couples galaxy formation and reionization (for a wide range of reionization feedback models), to estimate the cosmic variance expected in the UV Luminosity Function (UV LF) and the Stellar Mass Function (SMF) in JWST surveys. We find that different reionization scenarios play a minor role in the cosmic variance. Most of the cosmic variance is completely driven by the underlying density field and increases above 100% for M$_{UV} \sim$ -17.5 (-20) at z = 12 (6) for the JADES-deep survey (the deep JWST Advanced Extragalactic Survey with an area of 46 arcmin$^2$); the cosmic variance decreases with an increasing survey area roughly independently of redshift. We find that the faint-end slope of the Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) UV LF becomes increasingly shallower with increasing reionization feedback and show how JWST observations will be able to distinguish between different models of reionization feedback at z > 9, even accounting for cosmic variance. We also show the environments (in terms of density and ionization fields) of Lyman Break Galaxies during the EoR. Finally, we also provide a public software tool to allow interested readers to compute cosmic variance for different redshifts and survey areas.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, submitted to MNRAS, comments welcom

Design, Test and Analysis of a Gyrotron Cavity Mock-Up Cooled Using Mini Channels

In 2016, we have designed, built and finally tested at the FE200 facility in Le Creusot (France) a planar mock-up mimicking the water-cooled cylindrical resonance cavity of the European 170 GHz, 1 MW gyrotron to be used for electron cyclotron plasma heating in ITER. The aim of the mock-up is the characterization of the cooling capability of the cavity. A Glidcop® target is heated with an electron beam gun with resulting peak heat fluxes relevant for the full-size cavity. Underneath the target surface, whose temperature is monitored by means of a pyrometer, a set of parallel semi-circular mini-channels, with diameter of 1.5 mm, allows the flow of pressurized water, entering the mockup at ~ 9 bar and 40 °C. Several thermocouples measure the target temperature, at different distances from the heated target surface. The experimental results show that the mock-up is capable to withstand a heat fluxes of 21 MW/m2, while the cooling system keeps the heated surface below ~ 400 °C, for flow conditions comparable to those of the full-size cavity. The test results are used to first calibrate the uncertain model parameters and then, with frozen parameters, to validate a previously developed CFD model, showing good agreement with the experiment. In view of its reliability, this model might eventually be a useful tool for the simulation of the full-size gyrotron cavity operation

Session E9: Cumulated Mortalities of Salmon and Eel in the Turbines of the Loire-Brittany District

Abstract: The effect of dams on mortality during downstream migration was simulated using distribution and mortality models in the whole Loire-Brittany water district (155 000 Km2). A combination of models was used: (1) juvenile habitats for smolts, (2) productivity of juvenile salmon habitats, (3) production of silver eels (EDA model), The models (1)*(2) and (3) were used to predict the number of downstream migrants in the current conditions and with a transparent upstream migration. (4) Turbine mortality was calculated from either the characteristics of the turbine (diameter, rotation speed, height ...) or by extrapolation from the average mortality when information was missing to run the model. (5) Mortalities at the dam level were then derived from the nominal flow of each turbine and from the flow of the spill under 5 flow scenarios. A similar overall production of about 100 000 smolts per year was found in the Loire and Britany and the current production of eels was evaluated at 306 700, 314 900 and 124 400 silver eels for Brittany, the Loire and Vendée coastal streams respectively. The average mortality calculated at 387 dams and 578 turbines was estimated at 16.9% in Kaplan, 19.6% in Francis turbines, for smolts, and 45.8% and 88.5% for eels. For salmon, the number of kills was evaluated as N=26 900 (ie 27% of the Loire’s smolt production), and N=1 636 (ie 2%) in Brittany. For eel, the number of kills was evaluated as N=9 800 (ie 3.1%) of the silver eel production in the Loire, N=9 400 (ie 3.3%) in Brittany and N=2 700 (ie 2.2%) in Vendée. The results will allow to prioritize actions and provide a first estimate of the level of mortality affecting eel and salmon in the Loire-Britany basin

Playing the changes: rediscovering the lexicon of electronic organ performance practice from 1943 to 2015

This thesis explores the historical development of the electronic organ via the survey, analysis and comparison of stylistic practices heard in historic recordings. This project establishes that the instrument went through several significant stages of development since its introduction in 1935, which have hitherto been undocumented in scholarly work. As this thesis will show, the changing design of the instrument can be aligned with an evident expansion in the stylistic lexicon of musical arrangement and performance. This aural-based micro-genre of electronic music is rediscovered via a multi-faceted survey model that triangulates the results of transcribed recordings, reconstructive performance on period instruments and practitioner survey. This addresses the typical challenge of historical instrument study: that of defining the degree to which technology shapes musical performance. Chapter One places the instrument within a cultural context via a review of literature. The reason for the instrument’s lack of appeal to musicologists is explained as the result of an image problem: the instrument is often regarded as a dated appliance of home entertainment and exists within a method of practice which aligns more closely to that of jazz than Western art music. By removing stereotypes and establishing the displaced cultural values that the instrument embodies, it is possible to see the true value of the research process. Chapter Two begins to present the findings of the survey by examining some of the earliest recordings made on the Hammond organ. The chapter illustrates how certain design flaws in an instrument that was originally Christopher Stanbury Introduction 6 intended as a low-cost replacement for a pipe organ led to an entirely different trajectory than the inventor’s initial ecclesiastical application. Chapter Three details further updates to the original Hammond design whilst correcting and expanding upon previous definitions of features that are defined in literature. The Lowrey organ is also introduced, along with an illustration of why the unique features and tonal qualities of the instrument resulted in a different approach to musical arrangement and performance. Chapter Four documents the introduction of emulative voicing, whereby instruments of the nineteen seventies and early eighties were designed to imitate the sound of other acoustic instruments. The resultant change in arrangement and performance style is illustrated and compared to the results of previous chapters. Chapter Five details instruments made by the Yamaha Corporation that feature digital synthesis technologies. The vast distance between these instruments and previous models, both in terms of technological profile and resultant performance practice, is illustrated and discussed. Chapter Six provides a summary of the survey findings and reexamines the evident changes in the instrument and performance practice. The nature of the relationship between organist and instrument is discussed, along with a return to some of the literature reviewed in Chapter One. Discrepancies between the conclusions of some authors and those of this thesis are outlined and discussed

ALFONSO GONZÁLEZ, JOSÉ [Material gráfico]

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, 201

Assessing the Potential of Intra-specific Biodiversity towards Adaptation of Irrigated and Rain-fed Italian Production Systems to Future Climate

AbstractThe study addresses the biophysical dimension of adaptation. It illustrates and applies a framework to evaluate options for adaptation by identifying cultivars optimally adapted to expected climate conditions, building on existing crops intra-specific biodiversity. The aim is to reduce the vulnerability of current production systems without altering the pattern of current species and cultivation systems.Adaptability is assessed through a three-step approach that involves: 1) evaluation of indicators of expected thermal and hydrological conditions within the specific landscape and production system; 2) determination, for a set of cultivars, of cultivar- specific thermal and hydrological requirements to attain the desirable yield; 3) identification, as options for adaptation, of the cultivars for which expected climate conditions match the climatic requirements. The approach relies on a process-based simulation model of water flow in the soil-plant-atmosphere system for the calculation of hydrological indicators. Thermal indicators are derived by means of phenological models. Empirical functions of cultivars yield response to water availability are used to determine cultivar-specific hydrological requirements, whereas cultivars thermal requirements are estimated through phenological observations.In a future climate case (2021-2050) three case-studies are analyzed: 1) a system dominated by rain-fed crops (olive, winegrapes, durum wheat) in a hilly area of southern Italy; 2) irrigated fruit crops (peach, pear) in the Po Valley; 3) maize and tomato crop in an irrigated plain of southern Italy.Cultivars adapted to the future climate have been identified for rain-fed crops (e.g. 5 olive cvs). For irrigated crops we have evaluated adaptability for optimal and deficit irrigation schedules, accounting for site-specific soils hydrological properties. Options for adaptations have been identified as a combination of cultivars, soils and irrigation schedules (e.g 2 tomato cvs and 3 maize hybrids have been identified as options for adaptation at scarce water availability). Moreover, in the case of fruit crops, accounting for phenological changes highlighted the impact on irrigation water requirements of the interaction between phenology and the intra-annual distribution of precipitation

Prevalence of Chromosomally Integrated Human Herpesvirus 6 in Patients with Human Herpesvirus 6–Central Nervous System Dysfunction

AbstractWe identified 37 hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients with human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) central nervous system dysfunction and tested donor-recipient pairs for chromosomally integrated HHV-6 (ciHHV-6). One patient had ciHHV-6A with possible HHV-6A reactivation and encephalitis. There was no ciHHV-6 enrichment in this group, but larger studies are needed to determine if patients with ciHHV-6 are at increased risk for HHV-6–associated diseases or other complications

Genetically modified macrophages accelerate myelin repair

[EN] Preventing neurodegeneration-associated disability progression in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) remains an unmet therapeutic need. As remyelination prevents axonal degeneration, promoting this process in patients might enhance neuroprotection. In demyelinating mouse lesions, local overexpression of semaphorin 3F (Sema3F), an oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) attractant, increases remyelination. However, molecular targeting to MS lesions is a challenge. A clinically relevant paradigm for delivering Sema3F to demyelinating lesions could be to use blood-derived macrophages as vehicles. Thus, we chose transplantation of genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as means of obtaining chimeric mice with circulating Sema3F-overexpressing monocytes. We demonstrated that Sema3F-transduced HSCs stimulate OPC migration in a neuropilin 2 (Nrp2, Sema3F receptor)-dependent fashion, which was conserved in middle-aged OPCs. While demyelinating lesions induced in mice with Sema3F-expressing blood cells showed no changes in inflammation and OPC survival, OPC recruitment was enhanced which accelerated the onset of remyelination. Our results provide a proof of concept that blood cells, particularly monocytes/macrophages, can be used to deliver pro-remyelinating agents "at the right time and place," suggesting novel means for remyelination-promoting strategies in MS.This work was supported by the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), French National Research Agency (ANR, project Stemimus ANR-12-BSV4-0002-02), the European Leukodystrophy Association (ELA, project 2016-004C5B), NeurATRIS, the program "Investissements d'avenir" (ANR-10-IAIHU-06), CIBERNED (CB06/0005/0076), and Gobierno Vasco (IT1203-19). VT was a recipient of the Spanish Ministry of Economy Young Investigator Grant (SAF2015-74332-JIN)

Numerical Studies on the Influence of Cavity Thermal Expansion on the Performance of a High-Power Gyrotron

An iterative procedure is described, which models the influence of the thermal expansion of the gyrotron cavity on the expected gyrotron performance. It is a multiphysics simulation method, which involves electrodynamic, thermal-hydraulic, and thermo-mechanical simulations. The method is applied to the first European 170-GHz, 1-MW continuous wave prototype gyrotron for the ITER. According to the simulations, a performance reduction of 15% is expected at nominal operating parameters, because of the thermal expansion of the cavity. Alternative operating points to mitigate this effect are proposed and numerically validated. The numerical results are discussed in light of experimental findings

Bovine lactoferrin-induced CCL1 expression involves distinct receptors in monocyte-derived dendritic cells and their monocyte precursors

Lactoferrin (LF) exhibits a wide range of immunomodulatory activities including modulation of cytokine and chemokine secretion. In this study, we demonstrate that bovine LF (bLF) up-modulates, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, CCL1 secretion in monocytes (Mo) at the early stage of differentiation toward dendritic cells (DCs), and in fully differentiated immature Mo-derived DCs (MoDCs). In both cell types, up-modulation of CCL1 secretion is an early event following bLF-mediated enhanced accumulation of CCL1 transcripts. Notably, bLF-mediated up-regulation of CCL1 involves the engagement of distinct surface receptors in MoDCs and their Mo precursors. We show that bLF-mediated engagement of CD36 contributes to CCL1 induction in differentiating Mo. Conversely, toll-like receptor (TLR)2 blocking markedly reduces bLF-induced CCL1 production in MoDCs. These findings add further evidence for cell-specific differential responses elicited by bLF through the engagement of distinct TLRs and surface receptors. Furthermore, the different responses observed at early and late stages of Mo differentiation towards DCs may be relevant in mediating bLF effects in specific body districts, where these cell types may be differently represented in physiopathological conditions