83 research outputs found
A sociedade civil e a segurança cidadã no Brasil: um relacionamento frågil, mas em evolução
Get PDFNas Ășltimas trĂȘs dĂ©cadas, o relacionamento entre a sociedade civil e as autoridades de segurança pĂșblica evoluiu bastante no Brasil. Grupos de direitos humanos e acadĂȘmicos participam cada vez mais de discussĂ”es com os representantes da polĂcia e as autoridades governamentais para debater melhorias nas polĂticas de segurança pĂșblica, seu nĂvel de eficĂĄcia e prestação de contas. Apesar de haver certa abertura polĂtica com relação a polĂticas de respeito aos direitos humanos nas esferas estadual e federal, o potencial ĂȘxito das reformas continua limitado por uma sĂ©rie de entraves profundamente enraizados
Ponte para uma discussĂŁo pĂșblica mais ampla
Get PDFChristopher Stone, entrevistado por Elizabeth Leed
Somente respeitando o pĂșblico a polĂcia vai ser eficaz na prevenção do crime
Get PDFDavid H. Bayley Ă© um estudioso da polĂcia reconhecido internacionalmente.Realizou diversos estudos sobre a histĂłria da polĂcia e a polĂcia em sociedadescontemporĂąneas. Mostrou, a partir de seus estudos e pesquisas empĂricas,como as polĂcias podem tornar-se instituiçÔes democrĂĄticas e capazes de reduzir ocrime e a violĂȘncia na sociedade: â... a experiĂȘncia mundial Ă© conseguir o respeitodo pĂșblico primeiro, e entĂŁo vocĂȘ vai encontrar pessoas oferecendo a informaçãoque verdadeiramente torna a polĂcia eficaz. Em outras palavras, acredito que, paraconseguir que a polĂcia mude, defender a reforma com base na eficĂĄcia tem muitomais poder do que argumentar baseado em normas e valoresâ.Nesta entrevista, concedida a Elizabeth Leeds, Bayley afirma que reformas policiaisdevem ter como objetivo principal mudanças incrementais de comportamentos e prĂĄticas,independentemente de amplas reformas em organizaçÔes policiais e na sociedade.Reafirma a importĂąncia da avaliação e do controle interno e externo do trabalho dapolĂcia, mas diz que os policiais somente colaboram quando avaliaçÔes e controles tĂȘmcomo objetivo aperfeiçoar o trabalho e aumentar a eficĂĄcia da polĂcia.Sobre o policiamento comunitĂĄrio, diz que Ă© uma filosofia de polĂcia e nĂŁouma unidade ou departamento da polĂcia. Diante da multiplicidade de experiĂȘnciasidentificadas como âpoliciamento comunitĂĄrioâ e da diversidade de nomesatribuĂdos a este tipo de policiamento, Bayley propĂ”e focar atenção na eficĂĄcia dapolĂcia e do policiamento: âNĂłs temos que falar em policiamento inteligente e policiamentointeligente leva a policiamento com respeito ao pĂșblico, e policiamentocom respeito requer responsabilização (accountability)â
Dhx34 and Nbas function in the NMD pathway and are required for embryonic development in zebrafish
Get PDFThe nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway is a highly conserved surveillance mechanism that is present in all eukaryotes. It prevents the synthesis of truncated proteins by selectively degrading mRNAs harbouring premature termination codons (PTCs). The core NMD effectors were originally identified in genetic screens in Saccharomyces cerevisae and in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and subsequently by homology searches in other metazoans. A genome-wide RNAi screen in C. elegans resulted in the identification of two novel NMD genes that are essential for proper embryonic development. Their human orthologues, DHX34 and NAG/NBAS, are required for NMD in human cells. Here, we find that the zebrafish genome encodes orthologues of DHX34 and NAG/NBAS. We show that the morpholino-induced depletion of zebrafish Dhx34 and Nbas proteins results in severe developmental defects and reduced embryonic viability. We also found that Dhx34 and Nbas are required for degradation of PTC-containing mRNAs in zebrafish embryos. The phenotypes observed in both Dhx34 and Nbas morphants are similar to defects in Upf1, Smg-5- or Smg-6- depleted embryos, suggesting that these factors affect the same pathway and confirming that zebrafish embryogenesis requires an active NMD pathway
Outcomes of abdominoperineal resection for management of anal cancer in HIV-positive patients: a national case review
Get PDFBACKGROUND: The incidence of anal cancer in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals is increasing, and how co-infection affects outcomes is not fully understood. This study sought to describe the current outcome disparities between anal cancer patients with and without HIV undergoing abdominoperineal resection (APR). METHODS: A retrospective review of all US patients diagnosed with anal squamous cell carcinoma, undergoing an APR, was performed. Cases were identified using a weighted derivative of the Healthcare Utilization Projectâs National Inpatient Sample (2000â2011). Patients greater than 60Â years old were excluded after finding a skewed population distribution between those with and without HIV infection. Multivariable logistic regression and generalized linear modeling analysis examined factors associated with postoperative outcomes and cost. Perioperative complications, in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, and hospital costs were compared for those undergoing APR with and without HIV infection. RESULTS: A total of 1725 patients diagnosed with anal squamous cell cancer undergoing APR were identified, of whom 308 (17.9Â %) were HIV-positive. HIV-positive patients were younger than HIV-negative patients undergoing APR for anal cancer (median age 47Â years old versus 51Â years old, pâ<â0.001) and were more likely to be male (95.1 versus 30.6Â %, pâ<â0.001). Postoperative hemorrhage was more frequent in the HIV-positive group (5.1 versus 1.5Â %, pâ=â0.05). Mortality was low in both groups (0Â % in HIV-positive versus 1.49Â % in HIV-negative, pâ=â0.355), and length of stay (LOS) (10+ days; 75th percentile of patient data) was similar (36.9Â % with HIV versus 29.8Â % without HIV, pâ=â0.262). Greater hospitalization costs were associated with patients who experienced a complication. However, there was no difference in hospitalization costs seen between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients (pâ=â0.66). CONCLUSIONS: HIV status is not associated with worse postoperative recovery after APR for anal cancer as measured by length of stay or hospitalization cost. Further study may support APRs to be used more aggressively in HIV-positive patients with anal cancer. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12957-016-0970-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users
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