Development and Validation of Self-directed Learning Ability Test (SDLAT) for Elementary School Students

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate self-directed learning ability test (SDLAT) for elementary school students considering the theoretical consistency. A total of 507 students of 5th and 6th-grade elementary students in Seoul, Korea were participated in this research. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 23.0 and AMOS WIN 22.0 programs. The data of 200 were used for exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and 307 data were used for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The conclusions were as follows: A SDLAT for elementary school students was developed and validated in this study. The domain of self-directed learning ability was classified into three domains of cognition, affective, and behavior. The sub-factors for each domain and 42 items were developed and then verified for its validity (NFI .824, IFI .906, CFI .905, RMSEA .043). The sub-factors of the cognitive domain were identified as ‘cognitive thinking· metacognition’ and ‘problem solving’. The affective domain included ‘intrinsic motivation’, ‘future-oriented motivation’, and ‘self-efficacy’. The behavioral domain had ‘seeking help’, ‘managing physical environment’, and ‘time management’. The reliability of the total items of the test was Cronbach α .944

Alterations in Striatal Circuits Underlying Addiction-Like Behaviors

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Depolarization Ratios Retrieved by AERONET Sun/Sky Radiometer Data and Comparison to Depolarization Ratios Measured With Lidar

© Author(s) 2017. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Noh, Y., Müller, D., Lee, K., Kim, K., Lee, K., Shimizu, A., Kim, S.-W., Sano, I., and Park, C. B.: Depolarization ratios retrieved by AERONET sun–sky radiometer data and comparison to depolarization ratios measured with lidar, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 6271-6290, doi:10.5194/acp-17-6271-2017, 2017.The linear particle depolarization ratios at 440, 675, 870, and 1020 nm were derived using data taken with the AERONET sun–sky radiometer at Seoul (37.45° N, 126.95° E), Kongju (36.47° N, 127.14° E), Gosan (33.29° N, 126.16° E), and Osaka (34.65° N, 135.59° E). The results are compared to the linear particle depolarization ratio measured by lidar at 532 nm. The correlation coefficient R2 between the linear particle depolarization ratio derived by AERONET data at 1020 nm and the linear particle depolarization ratio measured with lidar at 532 nm is 0.90, 0.92, 0.79, and 0.89 at Seoul, Kongju, Gosan, and Osaka, respectively. The correlation coefficients between the lidar-measured depolarization ratio at 532 nm and that retrieved by AERONET at 870 nm are 0.89, 0.92, 0.76, and 0.88 at Seoul, Kongju, Gosan, and Osaka, respectively. The correlation coefficients for the data taken at 675 nm are lower than the correlation coefficients at 870 and 1020 nm, respectively. Values are 0.81, 0.90, 0.64, and 0.81 at Seoul, Kongju, Gosan, and Osaka, respectively. The lowest correlation values are found for the AERONET-derived linear particle depolarization ratio at 440 nm, i.e., 0.38, 0.62, 0.26, and 0.28 at Seoul, Kongju, Gosan, and Osaka, respectively. We should expect a higher correlation between lidar-measured linear particle depolarization ratios at 532 nm and the ones derived from AERONET at 675 and 440 nm as the lidar wavelength is between the two AERONET wavelengths. We cannot currently explain why we find better correlation between lidar and AERONET linear particle depolarization ratios for the case that the AERONET wavelengths (675, 870, and 1020 nm) are significantly larger than the lidar measurement wavelength (532 nm). The linear particle depolarization ratio can be used as a parameter to obtain insight into the variation of optical and microphysical properties of dust when it is mixed with anthropogenic pollution particles. The single-scattering albedo increases with increasing measurement wavelength for low linear particle depolarization ratios, which indicates a high share of fine-mode anthropogenic pollution. In contrast, single-scattering albedo increases with increasing wavelength for high linear particle depolarization ratios, which indicated a high share of coarse-mode mineral dust particles. The retrieved volume particle size distributions are dominated by the fine-mode fraction if linear particle depolarization ratios are less than 0.15 at 532 nm. The fine-mode fraction of the size distributions decreases and the coarse-mode fraction of the size distribution increases for increasing linear particle depolarization ratio at 1020 nm. The dust ratio based on using the linear particle depolarization ratio derived from AERONET data is 0.12 to 0.17. These values are lower than the coarse-mode fraction derived from the volume concentrations of particle size distributions, in which case we can compute the coarse-mode fraction of dust.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Investigation of thin gate-stack Z2-FET devices as capacitor-less memory cells

Thin-oxide Z2-FET cells operating as capacitor-less DRAM devices are experimentally demonstrated. Both the retention time and memory window demonstrate the feasibility of implementing this cell in advanced 28 nm node FD SOI technology. Nevertheless a performance drop and higher variability with respect to thicker oxide Z2-FET cells are observed.H2020 REMINDER European project (grant agreementNo 687931) and TEC2014-59730 are thanked for financialsupport

Navigation-assisted anchor insertion in shoulder arthroscopy: a validity study

Background: This study aimed to compare conventional and navigation-assisted arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in terms of anchor screw insertion. Methods: The surgical performance of five operators while using the conventional and proposed navigation-assisted systems in a phantom surgical model and cadaveric shoulders were compared. The participating operators were divided into two groups, the expert group (n = 3) and the novice group (n = 2). In the phantom model, the experimental tasks included anchor insertion in the rotator cuff footprint and sutures retrieval. A motion analysis camera system was used to track the surgeons’ hand movements. The surgical performance metric included the total path length, number of movements, and surgical duration. In cadaveric experiments, the repeatability and reproducibility of the anchor insertion angle were compared among the three experts, and the feasibility of the navigation-assisted anchor insertion was validated. Results: No significant differences in the total path length, number of movements, and time taken were found between the conventional and proposed systems in the phantom model. In cadaveric experiments, however, the clustering of the anchor insertion angle indicated that the proposed system enabled both novice and expert operators to reproducibly insert the anchor with an angle close to the predetermined target angle, resulting in an angle error of < 2° (P = 0.0002). Conclusion: The proposed navigation-assisted system improved the surgical performance from a novice level to an expert level. All the experts achieved high repeatability and reproducibility for anchor insertion. The navigation-assisted system may help surgeons, including those who are inexperienced, easily familiarize themselves to of suture anchors insertion in the right direction by providing better guidance for anchor orientation. Level of evidence: A retrospective study (level 2). © 2020, The Author(s).1

An Insulin-to-Insulin Regulatory Network Orchestrates Phenotypic Specificity in Development and Physiology

Insulin-like peptides (ILPs) play highly conserved roles in development and physiology. Most animal genomes encode multiple ILPs. Here we identify mechanisms for how the forty Caenorhabditis elegans ILPs coordinate diverse processes, including development, reproduction, longevity and several specific stress responses. Our systematic studies identify an ILP-based combinatorial code for these phenotypes characterized by substantial functional specificity and diversity rather than global redundancy. Notably, we show that ILPs regulate each other transcriptionally, uncovering an ILP-to-ILP regulatory network that underlies the combinatorial phenotypic coding by the ILP family. Extensive analyses of genetic interactions among ILPs reveal how their signals are integrated. A combined analysis of these functional and regulatory ILP interactions identifies local genetic circuits that act in parallel and interact by crosstalk, feedback and compensation. This organization provides emergent mechanisms for phenotypic specificity and graded regulation for the combinatorial phenotypic coding we observe. Our findings also provide insights into how large hormonal networks regulate diverse traits

Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography at 80 kVp and Knowledge-Based Iterative Model Reconstruction Is Non-Inferior to that at 100 kVp with Iterative Reconstruction

The aims of this study were to compare the image noise and quality of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) at 80 kVp with knowledge-based iterative model reconstruction (IMR) to those of CCTA at 100 kVp with hybrid iterative reconstruction (IR), and to evaluate the feasibility of a low-dose radiation protocol with IMR. Thirty subjects who underwent prospective electrocardiogram-gating CCTA at 80 kVp, 150 mAs, and IMR (Group A), and 30 subjects with 100 kVp, 150 mAs, and hybrid IR (Group B) were retrospectively enrolled after sample-size calculation. A BMI of less than 25 kg/m2 was required for inclusion. The attenuation value and image noise of CCTA were measured and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated at the proximal right coronary artery and left main coronary artery. The image noise was analyzed using a non-inferiority test. The CCTA images were qualitatively evaluated using a four-point scale. The radiation dose was significantly lower in Group A than Group B (0.69 ± 0.08 mSv vs. 1.39 ± 0.15 mSv, p < 0.001). The attenuation values were higher in Group A than Group B (p < 0.001). The SNR and CNR in Group A were higher than those of Group B. The image noise of Group A was non-inferior to that of Group B. Qualitative image quality of Group A was better than that of Group B (3.6 vs. 3.4, p = 0.017). CCTA at 80 kVp with IMR could reduce the radiation dose by about 50%, with non-inferior image noise and image quality than those of CCTA at 100 kVp with hybrid IR

New Era of Air Quality Monitoring from Space: Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS)

GEMS will monitor air quality over Asia at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution from GEO for the first time, providing column measurements of aerosol, ozone and their precursors (nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and formaldehyde). Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) is scheduled for launch in late 2019 - early 2020 to monitor Air Quality (AQ) at an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution from a Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) for the first time. With the development of UV-visible spectrometers at sub-nm spectral resolution and sophisticated retrieval algorithms, estimates of the column amounts of atmospheric pollutants (O3, NO2, SO2, HCHO, CHOCHO and aerosols) can be obtained. To date, all the UV-visible satellite missions monitoring air quality have been in Low Earth orbit (LEO), allowing one to two observations per day. With UV-visible instruments on GEO platforms, the diurnal variations of these pollutants can now be determined. Details of the GEMS mission are presented, including instrumentation, scientific algorithms, predicted performance, and applications for air quality forecasts through data assimilation. GEMS will be onboard the GEO-KOMPSAT-2 satellite series, which also hosts the Advanced Meteorological Imager (AMI) and Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI)-2. These three instruments will provide synergistic science products to better understand air quality, meteorology, the long-range transport of air pollutants, emission source distributions, and chemical processes. Faster sampling rates at higher spatial resolution will increase the probability of finding cloud-free pixels, leading to more observations of aerosols and trace gases than is possible from LEO. GEMS will be joined by NASA&apos;s TEMPO and ESA&apos;s Sentinel-4 to form a GEO AQ satellite constellation in early 2020s, coordinated by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS)

Etude des dispositifs à dopage électrostatique et des applications dans les technologies FD-SOI

Fully Depleted SOI (FD-SOI) is an excellent alternative of conventional Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology which is leading the semiconductor industry. FD-SOI offers low-power consumption and improved electrostatic control for MOS transistors even in very advanced nodes (14 nm and 28 nm). FD-SOI transistors feature nanometer thickness and length which bring rather particular operation mechanisms and characteristics. This work describes the state-of-the-art and the assets of FD-SOI components. The Hocus-Pocus (HP) diode is one example of the innovative devices made possible by the unrivalled flexibility of FD-SOI technology. By modifying the type of electrostatic doping, N or P, a single device can be reconfigured as a virtual P-N diode, a virtual Esaki diode, a semi-virtual diode, a P-I-N diode, a TFET or a band-modulation FET. Each configuration works as a physically doped device with peculiar behavior induced by the dynamic change of doping concentration. Original applications such as lifetime extraction and virtual Esaki diode are explored. The Z2-FET (Zero subthreshold slope and Zero impact ionization) is a striking application of HP diode thanks to attractive characteristics (sharp switch, low leakage current, adjustable triggering voltage and high current ratio ION/IOFF). In this work, we focus on a capacitorless Dynamic Random Access Memory (1T-DRAM) and a fast logic switch. The DC and transient operation mechanisms as well as the device performance are investigated in details with TCAD simulations and validated with systematic experimental results.La récente technologie Fully Depleted SOI (FD-SOI) est une excellente alternative à la technologie conventionnelle CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductorqui a mené le développement incessont des circuits intégrés. FD-SOI offre une faible consommation d'énergie et un contrôle électrostatique amélioré pour les transistors MOS, même dans les nœuds très avancés (14 et 28 nm). En raison de leurs dimensions nanométriques, aussi bien en épaisseur qu’en longueur, les transistors FD-SOI présentent des mécanismes de fonctionnement et des caractéristiques très spécifiques. L’état de l’art du FD-SOI est décrit en insistant sur les atouts des composants, les effets physiques particuliers et les techniques de caractérisations dédiées. La diode Hocus-Pocus (HP) est un exemple de dispositif innovant rendu possible par la flexibilité sans égal de la technologie FD-SOI. En modifiant le type de dopage électrostatique, N ou P, un dispositif peut être reconfiguré en diode P-N virtuelle, diode Esaki virtuelle, diode semi-virtuelle, diode P-I-N, TFET ou FET à modulation de bande. Chaque configuration fonctionne comme un dispositif physiquement dopé. Les aspects inédits découlent d'un changement dynamique de la concentration des porteurs. Des applications originales telles que l'extraction de la durée de vie des porteurs et la diode virtuelle Esaki sont explorées. Le Z2-FET (Zero subthreshold slope and Zero impact ionization) est un dispositif particulièrement prometteur en raison de ses caractéristiques attrayantes (commutation abrupte, faible courant de fuite, tension de déclenchement réglable et rapport de courant élevé ION/IOFF). Dans ce travail, nous nous concentrons sur une mémoire dynamique sans capacité (1T-DRAM) et un interrupteur logique rapide. Les mécanismes de fonctionnement en courant continu et transitoire ainsi que les performances du dispositif sont étudiés en détail à l'aide de simulations TCAD et validés à l'aide de résultats expérimentaux systématiques

Reassessing Statin Therapy in Elderly Dyslipidemia: A Literature Review

Purpose: An integrative literature review was done to identify the best interventions for older adults with dyslipidemia in an effort to promote nursing involvement in the prevention of statin-induced symptoms (SIS). Such awareness could increase the capacity of interventions by geriatric nurses using evidence-based practices in the reassessment of statin therapy. Methods: CINAHL, Pubmed, and ProQuest were searched using these terms: dyslipidemia in, elderly, statins, adverse effects, and quality of life. Eleven articles fitting the inclusion criteria were identified and analyzed. Results: The findings indicate no evidence for the benefit of statin therapy for morbidity/mortality in a high-risk primary prevention set-up, specifically in the elderly population. Although SIS prevails among older adults, there are limited data that confidently support this observation along with nursing interventions specifically for the geriatric nursing community. Conclusion: Future research is necessary to shift nursing intervention with statin users (specifically in older adults) from an illness-based intervention to a preventive care plan to provide optimal care based on evidence. It is essential to involve self-reporting, cooperation, and communication with health care professionals, specifically with geriatric nurses. Additional studies are needed to further direct practice interventions in elderly statin users