Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Praxias bucofonatorias con dispositivos bucales y realidad virtual inmersiva: un estudio piloto

This study assesses the effectiveness of a therapy using Bucco-phonatory training practices with buccal devices and immersive virtual reality (RVI) through programs designed to stimulate states of relaxation and interaction in different virtual environments. In order to do so, an integrated therapy based on Intra buccal stimulation by means of vibrations in the palatal area, daily lingual exercises with a lingual exerciser device, and exposure to images and sounds using RVI was applied to a group of 6 children diagnosed with dyslalia. The results of this intervention were compared with those obtained in an intervention based only on intra buccal stimulation by means of vibrations in the palatal area (conducted on a a group of 20 children diagnosed with dyslalia). Finally, the integrated therapy of intra buccal stimulation by means of vibrations in the palatal area, lingual exercises, and RVI was applied to a group of children with autism. The results showed that therapy with oral devices combined with RVI tended to produce greater advances than therapy without RVI. In addition, individual differences in group advances in the phonetic domain were observed depending on the initial speech skills, children with better abilities presented greater advances. The group of children with autism progressed less than the other two groups. Even considering the limitations of this study, such as the heterogeneity in terms of group size and age, results can be considered as promising for future studies.El presente trabajo evalúa la efectividad de una intervención utilizando Praxias bucofonatorias con dispositivos bucales en conjunto con realidad virtual inmersiva (RVI), mediante programas diseñados para estimular estados de relajación e interacción en diferentes ambientes virtuales. Para ello, se aplicó la terapia integrada de vibro estimulación bucal palatina, ejercitación lingual y la exposición a imágenes y sonidos empleando RVI en un grupo de 6 niños con el diagnóstico de dislalia. Se comparó los resultados de esta intervención con el de una intervención utilizando únicamente la vibro estimulación bucal palatina en un grupo de 20 niños con diagnóstico de dislalia. Finalmente, se aplicó la terapia integrada de vibro estimulación bucal palatina, ejercitación lingual y RVI en un grupo de niños con autismo. Los resultados observados mostraron que la terapia con dispositivos bucales combinadas con RVI tendía a producir mayores avances que la terapia sin RVI. Además, se observó diferentes grados de avances individuales y grupales en el dominio fonético dependiendo las habilidades de habla inicial, los niños con mejores habilidades presentaban mayores avances. El grupo de niños con autismo presentó menores avances respecto de los otros dos grupos. A pesar de las limitantes del presente estudio (diferente cantidad de sujetos por grupo y distintas edades) puede considerarse esta propuesta como prometedora para futuros estudios

Psychometric Validation of the Academic Motivation Scale in a Dental Student Sample

The Academic Motivation Scale is one of the most frequently used instruments to assess academic motivation. It relies on the self-determination theory of human motivation. However, motivation has been understudied in dental education. Therefore, to address the lack of valid instruments to assess academic motivation in dental education and contribute to future research in the field, the aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of this instrument in a sample of dental students. Participants were 989 Chilean undergraduate dental students (86% response rate) who completed a survey containing a Chilean face-valid version of the Spanish Academic Motivation Scale and three other motivation-related instruments to assess the survey's construct and criterion validity. Later, 76 of the students (out of 100 invited) took the survey again to assess its test-retest stability. The instrument's construct validity was supported by the superior goodness of fit of the seven-subscale Academic Motivation Scale over competing models through confirmatory factor analysis and by the expected correlations among its subscales. The concurrent criterion validity was supported by the confirmation of correlations between its subscales and external criteria. Adequate internal consistency and test-retest correlations were also found. The evidence from this study suggests that the Academic Motivation Scale is a preliminarily valid and reliable instrument to assess motivation in the predoctoral dental context. Future research in this area is needed to confirm or refute these results

Utilidad del Sistema Automatizado Vitek 2® Compact y los Métodos Fenotípicos para la Detección de Carbapenemasas Tipo KPC

El aislamiento de enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas KPC se ha incrementado desde la d&eacute;cada pasada. Hace m&aacute;s de 15 a&ntilde;os se describieron las primeras enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas y actualmente son end&eacute;micas en Estados unidos, Europa, Asia y Am&eacute;rica Latina. Como alternativa para la detecci&oacute;n temprana y efectiva de este mecanismo de resistencia se describi&oacute; el desempe&ntilde;o del sistema automatizado Vitek 2&reg; Compact en conjunci&oacute;n con el m&eacute;todo de sinergia de &aacute;cido aminofenilbor&oacute;nico (APB) y el M&eacute;todo Comercial de Discos Combinados MASTDISKS ID para la identificaci&oacute;n fenot&iacute;pica de este tipo de &beta; &ndash; lactamasas en 23 aislamientos con susceptibilidad disminuida a carbapenemo obtenidos de muestras referidas al Laboratorio Cl&iacute;nico Galeno; cada aislamiento fue confirmado genot&iacute;picamente empleando PCR de punto final para la detecci&oacute;n del gen blaKPC. El m&eacute;todo de difusi&oacute;n con discos de 3- aminofenilbor&oacute;nico y M&eacute;todo Comercial de Discos Combinados MASTDISKS ID mostr&oacute; concordancia con los resultados emitidos por el Advanced Expert Sistem (AES) y la verificaci&oacute;n genot&iacute;pica de KPC. La utilizaci&oacute;n del Vitek 2&reg; compact combinada con la confirmaci&oacute;n fenot&iacute;pica de los aislados sospechosos, constituye una alternativa para la agilizaci&oacute;n de la respuesta de los laboratorios de microbiolog&iacute;a para hacer frente a la emergencia de Enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas KPC.AbstractUTILITY OF VITEK 2 &reg; COMPACT SYSTEM AND PHENOTYPIC METHODS FOR DETECTION OF KPC TYPE CARBAPENEMASESThe isolation of KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae has increased over the past decade, more than 15 years ago the first carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae have been described and are currently endemic in regions of America, Europe, Asia and Latin America. Alternatively, for early and effective detection of this resistance mechanism we evaluated the performance of automated Vitek 2 &reg; Compact in conjunction with the method of synergy aminophenylboronic acid (APB) and the Commercial Combined Disk method MASTDISKS ID for phenotypic identification, we described this type of &beta; - lactamase in 23 isolates with decreased susceptibility to carbapenem, obtained from samples referred to Galeno Clinical Laboratory; each isolate was confirmed by genotyping using PCR for detecting blaKPC gene. The disk diffusion method of 3-aminophenyl and Commercial Combined Disk method MASTDISKS ID showed concordance with the results issued by the Advanced Expert Sistem (AES) and genotypic verification of KPC. The use of compact Vitek 2&reg; combined with the phenotypic confirmation of suspect isolates is an alternative for speeding up the response of microbiology laboratories to address the emergence of KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae