PhiKitA: Phishing Kit Attacks Dataset for Phishing Websites Identification

[En] Recent studies have shown that phishers are using phishing kits to deploy phishing attacks faster, easier and more massive. Detecting phishing kits in deployed websites might help to detect phishing campaigns earlier. To the best of our knowledge, there are no datasets providing a set of phishing kits that are used in websites that were attacked by phishing. In this work, we propose PhiKitA, a novel dataset that contains phishing kits and also phishing websites generated using these kits. We have applied MD5 hashes, fingerprints, and graph representation DOM algorithms to obtain baseline results in PhiKitA in three experiments: familiarity analysis of phishing kit samples, phishing website detection and identifying the source of a phishing website. In the familiarity analysis, we find evidence of different types of phishing kits and a small phishing campaign. In the binary classification problem for phishing detection, the graph representation algorithm achieved an accuracy of 92.50%, showing that the phishing kit data contain useful information to classify phishing. Finally, the MD5 hash representation obtained a 39.54% F1 score, which means that this algorithm does not extract enough information to distinguish phishing websites and their phishing kit sources properlySIInstituto Nacional de CiberseguridadThis work was supported by the framework agreement between the University of León and the Spanish National Cybersecurity Institute (INCIBE) under Addendum 01

Thiol Reduction and Cardiolipin Improve Complex I Activity and Free Radical Production in Liver Mitochondria of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in diabetic liver disease development. Diabetes impairs complex I activity and increases ROS production in liver mitochondria. The complex I produces ROS in forward electron transfer (FET) or in reverse electron transfer (RET) modes depending on the site of electron transfer blocking and the availability of respiratory substrates. Complex I activity depends on the phospholipid cardiolipin and the redox state of reactive thiols in the enzyme. Neither the underlying factors leading to complex I dysfunction nor the mode of ROS production have been elucidated in liver mitochondria in diabetes. We tested in liver mitochondria from streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic rats if the addition of cardiolipin or β-mercaptoethanol, a thiol reducing agent, recovers complex I activity and decreases ROS production with substrates inducing ROS production in FET or RET modes. Decreased complex I activity and enhanced ROS generation in FET mode was detected in mitochondria from diabetic rats. Complex I activity was fully restored with the combined treatment with cardiolipin plus β-mercaptoethanol, which also abated ROS generation in FET mode. This suggest that therapies restoring cardiolipin and reducing mitochondrial thiols might be useful to counteract impaired complex I activity and excessive ROS production in liver mitochondria in diabetes

A genetic variant in the LDLR promoter is responsible for part of the LDL-cholesterol variability in primary hypercholesterolemia

BACKGROUND: GWAS have consistently revealed that LDLR locus variability influences LDL-cholesterol in general population. Severe LDLR mutations are responsible for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). However, most primary hypercholesterolemias are polygenic diseases. Although Cis-regulatory regions might be the cause of LDL-cholesterol variability; an extensive analysis of the LDLR distal promoter has not yet been performed. We hypothesized that genetic variants in this region are responsible for the LDLR association with LDL-cholesterol found in GWAS. METHODS: Four-hundred seventy-seven unrelated subjects with polygenic hypercholesterolemia (PH) and without causative FH-mutations and 525 normolipemic subjects were selected. A 3103 pb from LDLR (-625 to +2468) was sequenced in 125 subjects with PH. All subjects were genotyped for 4 SNPs (rs17242346, rs17242739, rs17248720 and rs17249120) predicted to be potentially involved in transcription regulation by in silico analysis. EMSA and luciferase assays were carried out for the rs17248720 variant. Multivariable linear regression analysis using LDL-cholesterol levels as the dependent variable were done in order to find out the variables that were independently associated with LDL-cholesterol. RESULTS: The sequencing of the 125 PH subjects did not show variants with minor allele frequency ≥ 10%. The T-allele from g.3131C > T (rs17248720) had frequencies of 9% (PH) and 16.4% (normolipemic), p < 0.00001. Studies of this variant with EMSA and luciferase assays showed a higher affinity for transcription factors and an increase of 2.5 times in LDLR transcriptional activity (T-allele vs C-allele). At multivariate analysis, this polymorphism with the lipoprotein(a) and age explained ≈ 10% of LDL-cholesterol variability. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the T-allele at the g.3131 T > C SNP is associated with LDL-cholesterol levels, and explains part of the LDL-cholesterol variability. As a plausible cause, the T-allele produces an increase in LDLR transcriptional activity and lower LDL-cholesterol levels

Healthcare experience among patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional survey using the IEXPAC tool

[Abstract] Aim: To assess the experience with health care among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and to evaluate patients' demographic variables and healthcare-related characteristics which may affect their experience. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was delivered to T2DM adults. Patient experiences were assessed with the 'Instrument for Evaluation of the Experience of Chronic Patients' (IEXPAC) questionnaire, a validated 12-item survey, which describes patient experience within the last 6 months (items 1-11) and hospitalization in the last 3 years (item 12), with possible scores ranging from 0 (worst) to 10 (best experience). Results: A total of 451 T2DM patients responded to the survey (response rate 72.3%; mean age 69.5 ± 10.1 years, 67.8% men). The mean overall IEXPAC score was 5.92 ± 1.80. Mean scores were higher for productive interactions (7.92 ± 2.15) and self-management (7.08 ± 2.27) than for new relational model (1.72 ± 2.01). Only 32.8% of patients who had been hospitalized in the past 3 years reported having received a follow-up call or visit after discharge. Multivariate analyses identified that regular follow-up by the same physician and follow-up by a nurse were associated with a better patient experience. Continuity of healthcare score was higher only in those patients requiring help from others. Conclusions: The areas of T2DM care which may need to be addressed to ensure better patient experience are use of the Internet, new technologies and social resources for patient information and interaction with healthcare professionals, closer follow-up after hospitalization, and a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach with regular follow-up by the same physician and a nurse

re-habitar El Carmen : Un proyecto sobre patrimonio contemporáneo

El proyecto _re-HABITAR suponía para el propio proceder de la institución un avance más allá del reconocimiento, registro, inventario o protección patrimonial de la arquitectura del siglo XX y del Movimiento Moderno para posicionarse en la acción preventiva y conservativa de ese legado contemporáneo. Para ello, la praxis patrimonial se aferraba a un modelo: el de la vivienda social en España en la segunda mitad del siglo XX; a un caso concreto: el de la barriada de Nuestra Señora del Carmen (Recasens Méndez-Queipo de Llano, 1958); y a un requisito fundamental: analizar un objeto vivo y en uso, aún con la presencia de quienes lo vivieron y usaron desde su origen

Monográfico: La petrificación de la riqueza: construcción e identidad en la Península ibérica e Italia, siglos XI-XIII

Monografía completa dedicada al proyecto Petrifying Wealth (PETRIFYING WEALTH Petrifying Wealth. The Southern European Shift to Masonry as Collective Investment in Identity, c.1050-1300. Identificador: 695515): https://digital.csic.es/cris/project/pj00207El número monográfico que aquí se publica reúne una serie de artículos que presentan algunos resultados del proyecto de investigación financiado por la Unión Europea Petrifying Wealth. The Southern European Shift to Masonry as Collective Investment in identity, c. 1050-1300. El planteamiento del proyecto surgió de una hipótesis que a sus Investigadores Principales (Ana Rodríguez y Sandro Carocci) nos parecía importante constatar cuantitativa y cualitativamente: la de que entre los años 1050 y 1300 el paisaje europeo se petrificó —definiendo la petrificación como una edilicia de calidad realizada siguiendo ciclos productivos complejos— y que esa petrificación se produjo en un doble sentido. En primer lugar, en el literal: esto es, Europa, y en particular el sur de Europa, foco geográfico de este proyecto, se pobló de edificios construidos en piedra o en otros materiales duraderos. Teniendo en cuenta este planteamiento, el conjunto de datos recogidos en el curso del proyecto, procedentes tanto del registro material como de la evidencia documental, ha permitido abordar cuestiones de cuantificación y clasificación que se encuentran en la base de algunos de los artículos del presente monográfico. El paisaje europeo se petrificó también en otro sentido, solidificando una riqueza que era mucho más móvil e invirtiéndola en bienes inmuebles, en la construcción de una gran cantidad de edificios, fundamentalmente eclesiásticos, pero también laicos, que van a la par desde el punto de vista cronológico pero con unas proporciones muy variadas entre ambos tipos según las diferentes regiones.La investigación en curso se desarrolla dentro del proyecto ERC Advanced Grant Petrifying Wealth. The Southern European Shift to Masonry as Collective Investment in Identity, c. 1050-1300 que se lleva a cabo en el Instituto de Historia del CCHS-CSIC, financiado por el programa de investigación e innovación Horizonte 2020 de la Unión Europea bajo el acuerdo n.º 695515 (2017-2022).CAPÍTULOS: Rodríguez, Ana (2021). Introducción: Monográfico: La petrificación de la riqueza: construcción e identidad en la Península ibérica e Italia, siglos XI-XIII. Studia historica. Historia medieval 39(1): 3-6. Universidad de Salamanca. https://doi.org/10.14201/shhme202139136 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/242346.-- Carocci, Sandro; Giannini, Nicoletta (2021). Portici, palazzi, torri e fortezze. Edilizia e famiglie aristocratiche a Roma (XII-XIV secolo). Studia historica. Historia medieval 39(1): 7-44. Universidad de Salamanca https://doi.org/10.14201/shhme2021391744 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/242351.-- Mancebo González, Gema (2021). La representación documental de una realidad material desaparecida: la construcción de monasterios en la ciudad de León (c. 1000-1050). Studia historica. Historia medieval 39(1): 45-68 (2021). Universidad de Salamanca. https://doi.org/10.14201/shhme20213914568 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/242359.-- Calderón Medina, Inés (2021). Petrificando la riqueza familiar más allá de la frontera. La construcción como elemento de creación de identidad y memoria nobiliaria entre León y Portugal. Studia historica. Historia medieval 39(1): 69-92 (2021). Universidad de Salamanca. https://doi.org/10.14201/shhme20213916994 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/242365.-- Maira Vidal, Rocío (2021). Identidad y dimensión social de la construcción plenomedieval eclesiástica en Segovia y Sepúlveda entre los siglos XI y XIII: similitudes y divergencias. Studia historica. Historia medieval 39(1): 95-122 (2021). Universidad de Salamanca. https://doi.org/10.14201/shhme202139195122 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/242395.-- Lattanzio, Federico (2021). Le politiche urbanistiche ed edilizie delle città italiane negli statuti dei secoli XII e XIII. Studia historica. Historia medieval 39(1): 123-146 (2021). Universidad de Salamanca. https://doi.org/10.14201/shhme2021391123146 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/242400.-- Ledesma, Antonio (2021). Ecerint incindi et extrahy lapides de lapidicina monasterii. Tensiones y conflictos en torno a las canteras durante la Edad Media hispana. Studia historica. Historia medieval 39(1): 147-170 (2021). Universidad de Salamanca. https://doi.org/10.14201/shhme2021391147170 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/242403.-- VARIA Y RESEÑAS: disponibles en: https://revistas.usal.es/index.php/Studia_H_Historia_Medieval/issue/view/shhme2021391Peer reviewe

Escherichia/Shigella, SCFAs, and Metabolic Pathways&mdash;The Triad That Orchestrates Intestinal Dysbiosis in Patients with Decompensated Alcoholic Cirrhosis from Western Mexico

Gut microbiota undergoes profound alterations in alcohol cirrhosis. Microbiota-derived products, e.g., short chain fatty acids (SCFA), regulate the homeostasis of the gut-liver axis. The objective was to evaluate the composition and functions of the intestinal microbiota in patients with alcohol-decompensated cirrhosis. Fecal samples of 18 patients and 18 healthy controls (HC) were obtained. Microbial composition was characterized by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, SCFA quantification was performed by gas chromatography (GC), and metagenomic predictive profiles were analyzed by PICRUSt2. Gut microbiota in the cirrhosis group revealed a significant increase in the pathogenic/pathobionts genera Escherichia/Shigella and Prevotella, a decrease in beneficial bacteria, such as Blautia, Faecalibacterium, and a decreased &alpha;-diversity (p &lt; 0.001) compared to HC. Fecal SCFA concentrations were significantly reduced in the cirrhosis group (p &lt; 0.001). PICRUSt2 analysis indicated a decrease in acetyl-CoA fermentation to butyrate, as well as an increase in pathways related to antibiotics resistance, and aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. These metabolic pathways have been poorly described in the progression of alcohol-related decompensated cirrhosis. The gut microbiota of these patients possesses a pathogenic/inflammatory environment; therefore, future strategies to balance intestinal dysbiosis should be implemented. These findings are described for the first time in the population of western Mexico

Petrifying Wealth

Sitio web del proyecto “Petrifying Wealth. The Southern European Shift to Collective Investment in Masonry as Identity , c.1050-1300”..-- Propósito: científico.-- Fecha de la consulta: 2019-05-24. Se incluye enlace al vídeo: 'Petrifying Wealth' explicado por su coordinadora, Ana Rodríguez.Between the years 1050 and 1300 the European landscape turned to stone. It was a structural transformation that led to the birth of a new, long-lasting panorama and helped in the creation of individual, collective and regional identities: a landscape epitomising the way we see the space and territory of Europe. The project Petrifying Wealth seeks to rewrite the social history of the central Middle Ages, emphasizing the need to reassess from an untried perspective an element that has always been present in our vision of the period—the sudden ubiquity of masonry construction—but which has hardly been given the opportunity to provide in-depth explanations for complex social dynamics. A project that seeks to offer novel explanations to previously unasked questions about wealth, building, and collective identity. The speed, extent, and systematization of the construction of churches, towers, castle walls, palaces, and houses within castles and cities provide evidence of an underlying, if unaddressed, issue. That is, it is precisely in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries that the structural link can most clearly be seen between both private and collective wealth, and the investment in stone structures built to last. The study of the shift involving new institutional dynamics, but also unprecedented social practices, as well as ideological concepts radically different from those that had prevailed until then, aims to break down assumptions that have naturalized this truly astonishing process while using as case studies the undervalued regions of southern Europe to explore the larger questions. By inverting the standard approach that sees the heart of the former Carolingian empire (present-day France and Germany) as the wellspring from which other “peripheral” territories drank, Dr. Ana Rodríguez (CSIC, Spain) and Dr. Sandro Carocci (Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy) will undertake to bring new light to probe the greater meaning behind the process of masonry building as an investment in social identity in the central Middle Ages.Peer reviewe

Position statement on the use of albumin in liver cirrhosis

Cirrhosis is characterized by a prolonged asymptomatic period in which the inflammation persists, increasing as the disease progresses. Proinflammatory cytokines and pro-oxidant molecules are key in the development of organ dysfunction. Cirrhosis progression and worsening of portal hypertension bring about bacterial translocation and systemic dissemination via portal circulation of bacterial products, and molecular patterns associated with damage, which exacerbate the systemic Inflammation. Albumin is a molecule that undergoes structural and functional changes as liver damage progresses, affecting its antioxidant, immunomodulatory, oncotic, and endothelial stabilizing properties. Our knowledge of the properties of albumin reveals a molecule with multiple treatment options, capable of targeting several physiopathological aspects of cirrhosis. For the elaboration of the present manuscript on the uses of albumin in liver cirrhosis, several experts in the field of hepatology in Mexico were divided into 5 working groups to summarise and formulate, when appropriate, position statements: 1)pathophysiology of cirrhosis and properties of albumin; 2)proven uses of albumin [large-volume paracentesis, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), hepatorenal syndrome (HRS)]; 3)controversial/emerging uses of albumin (long-term use, acute decompensation, liver transplant, non-HRS kidney injury, muscle cramps, non-SBP infections, hyponatremia, encephalopathy); 4)use of albumin in acute-on-chronic liver failure, immunomodulation, and systemic Inflammation; 5)pharmacoeconomics