Descrição de um novo foco endêmico de esquistossomose mansônica no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

A new endemic focus of schistosomiasis mansoni in the town of Bebedouro, S. Paulo, Brazil, is described. Two hundred and twenty-one cases are analyzed according to sex, age, and origin (autochthonous or not), the factors involved in the emergence of the focus are discussed and the necessity for control measure is emphasized.Foi descrito novo foco endêmico de esquistossomose mansônica situado na Cidade de Bebedouro, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram analisados 221 casos diagnosticados da doença segundo a idade, sexo e origem (autóctone ou não), bem como foram discutidos os fatores envolvidos no aparecimento do foco, alertando-se para a necessidade de medidas de controle

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Molecular epidemiology of rabies virus on domestic and wild animals of Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-26T17:15:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 137.pdf: 791646 bytes, checksum: 39acf8b8b6ba9b68e5a239ea71e51227 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.A raiva é uma das doenças mais temidas entre as diferentes zoonoses que ameaçam o Homem, pois evolui sempre para o êxito letal, sendo, na prática, sua morbidade igual à mortalidade. Acrescem-se ainda os prejuízos econômicos, causados ao rebanho bovino nos focos de raiva epizoótica, seu impacto geral na economia pecuária, reduzindo a produção de leite e carne, e suas implicações na área de Saúde Pública. Através da utilização de técnicas clássicas e moleculares, o presente estudo, visou estudar a diversidade molecular das amostras de vírus da raiva provenientes de animais domésticos e silvestres que atualmente são identificadas nas diferentes regiões do Brasil (Norte, Nordeste, Sudeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste), comparando-as entre si e entre amostras originárias de um município do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Porciúncula), com base em seqüenciamento do gene codificador da nucleoproteína. A técnica de RT-PCR foi aplicada em 32 amostras de tecido nervoso oriundo de animais suspeitos de estarem acometidos pela raiva, demonstrando 100% de concordância com os resultados apresentados pelas provas clássicas, permitindo diagnóstico positivo inclusive em amostras que se apresentam em estado de putrefação. Treze das amostras de vírus isoladas foram parcialmente seqüenciadas, tendo sido encontrado formação dos principais grupos esperados de amostras de vírus da raiva, ou seja, variante antigênica 2,3, amostras fixas e variante de vírus de raiva de sagüi. Foi evidenciado, ainda, um padrão regional de distribuição de vírus da raiva associado à variante antigênica 3. A obtenção de dados derivados do seqüenciamento vem a permitir um melhor entendimento da diversidade molecular das amostras de vírus da raiva circulantes nas regiões em estudo, representando um passo fundamental para a geração de informações a serem utilizadas na epidemiologia molecular da raiva, determinando fontes de infecção, origens de surtos e relações genéticas geográficas entre os vírus da raiva detectados a partir de diferentes espécies animais.Rabies is one of the most feared zoonosis, once it always results in the death of the affected patient, what makes rabies morbidity equal to its mortality. Furthermore, economic losses due to rabies epidemics in cattle, the economic impact in agrobusiness derived from decreased milk and meat production and implications in public health must also to be taken into account. Using classic and traditional techniques, the present research aimed to study the molecular diversity of rabies virus strains from domestic and wild animals that circulate in different Brazilian regions (North, Northeastern, Southeastern, South and Center-Western) comparing the strains amongst them and with strains from a municipality from Rio de Janeiro State (Porciúncula) based on the gene coding for the nucleoprotein. The RT-PCR was applied to 32 samples of central nervous system tissue of rabies-suspected animals, showing an agreement of 100% with the classic tests, allowing a positive diagnosis even in decomposed samples. Thirteen out of these 32 samples were submitted to partial sequencing resulting in the expected groups of rabies virus variants, i. e., antigenic variants 2, 3, fixed strains and marmoset strains. A regional pattern was found regarding the variant 3 of rabies virus. Data obtained from DNA sequencing allow a better understanding of the molecular diversity of the rabies virus strains circulating in the regions under study, a fundamental step for the generation of information to be used in the molecular epidemiology of rabies, as the determination of sources of infection, origins of outbreaks and phylogeographic relationships among rabies virus strains from different species

Standardization and application of indirect ELISA for diagnosis of Mycoplasma bovis in bovine blood serum samples

ABSTRACT. Mesquita S.M.C., Mansur F.J., Nascimento E.R., Barreto M.L. & Kimura L.M.S. [Standardization and application of indirect ELISA for diagnosis of Mycoplasma bovis in bovine blood serum samples.] Padroniza- ção e aplicação de ELISA indireto para diagnóstico de Mycoplasma bovis em amostras de soro sanguíneo bovino. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 37(2):101-107, 2015. Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Veteriná- ria, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, Vital Brazil, Niterói, RJ 24230-340, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] International researchers presented results indicating frequent involvement of Mycoplasma spp. as a causative agent of mastitis in cattle, associating its presence with significant economic losses to farmers. Mycoplasma bovis is the species most reported and relevant, because it causes more severe disease. The level of antibodies against M. bovis remains high for several months and can be detected by ELISA. The aim of this work was to develop an indirect ELISA with whole cell antigen of M. bovis (strain Donetta PG 45) with subsequent application in bovine blood serum samples for detection of antibodies against M. bovis. The immunization of cows A and B by inoculating an immunogen against M. bovis to obtain hyperimmune blood serum was the first stage of this work, then the stage of standardization of ELISA was proceeded. The concentration of 2 mg of antigen/mL for coating the microtiter plates was decided by statistical analyses. The optical density value 0,2 was determined as the limit of reactivity discrimination of samples (the cut-off point). The hyperimmune blood serum sample of the cow A (collected 30 days after immunization) was chosen as the positive control and, the fetal calf serum was chosen as negative control of the assay. In addition, the ideal optimal dilutions found for blood serum samples was 1:400 and for conjugate was 1:10.000 and the substrate used was the ortho-phenylenediamine. The amount of 321 samples of cow blood serum from 15 farms was obtained for the application of the standardized indirect ELISA. It was diagnosed animals that have been exposed to M. bovis and the prevalence rate found in blood serum samples was 3,1% (10/321) and 46,7% (7/15) was the prevalence rate found between the corresponding farms studied

Polymerase chain reaction technic as resource to rabies diagnosis

Submitted by Alexandre Sousa ([email protected]) on 2015-11-30T11:51:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rev Bra Med Vet_28_3.pdf: 6255719 bytes, checksum: 755f729e7199cb8d544e374d69498e1a (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Alexandre Sousa ([email protected]) on 2015-11-30T12:08:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Rev Bra Med Vet_28_3.pdf: 6255719 bytes, checksum: 755f729e7199cb8d544e374d69498e1a (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-30T12:08:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rev Bra Med Vet_28_3.pdf: 6255719 bytes, checksum: 755f729e7199cb8d544e374d69498e1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Laboratório de Biologia Animal. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde. Departamento de Imunologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde. Departamento de Imunologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Pasteur de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.A Raiva é uma das doenças mais temidas entre as diferentes zoonoses que ameaçam o homem, pois evolui sempre para o aspecto letal, sendo sua morbidade praticamente igual à mortalidade. Acresce ainda que os prejuízos econômicos causados ao rebanho bovino assumem impacto geral na economia pecuária, reduzindo a produção de leite e carne e gerando implicações na área de saúde pública. O laboratório representa uma peça fundamental nesse contexto, visto que o êxito das medidas complexas de prevenção numa comunidade, como vacinação perifocal, ou a terapia vacinal no ser humano exposto, dependem de rapidez e da confiabilidade do diagnóstico. Esta condição tem induzido ao desenvolvimento e adaptações de técnicas visando melhorar a velocidade e a eficiência do diagnóstico da Raiva, assim como o incremento das pesquisas. O presente estudo objetivou ressaltar o valor da técnica molecular de RT-PCR como uma ferramenta adicional ao diagnóstico clássico da virose, sem, no entanto, substituir as provas convencionais. Trinta e duas amostras obtidas de sistema nervoso central de mamíferos domésticos e silvestres de diferentes regiões do Brasil foram selecionadas, 28 apresentando positividade para a Raiva, nas provas clássicas e 4 negativas nessas mesmas provas. A técnica de RT-PCR foi aplicada nestes materiais, demonstrando 100% de concordância com aqueles resultados. A técnica de RT-PCR demonstrou sensibilidade inclusive em amostras que se apresentavam em estado de putrefação.Rabies is one of most feared diseases among the different zoonoses that threaten humans, since it always succumbs to death and its morbidity is equal to the mortality. Additionally, rabies leads to economic damages to the herd of cattle and its general impact in the cattle raising economy reduces the milk and meat production, consequently affecting the public health area. Laboratory diagnosis of rabies represents a fundamental tool in this context, since the success of the prophylactic measures in a community, as perifocal vaccination or vaccinal therapy in exposed humans, depend on the rapidity and realizable of the diagnosis. This condition has stimulated to the development and adaptations of techniques with aimed to improve the efficiency of rabies diagnosis, as well as the incrementation of the researches. The present study the aimed to evaluate an RT-PCR assay as an alternative tool to the standard diagnosis of rabies, but not replacing the conventional tests. Thirty two samples obtained from the central nervous system of domestic and wild mammals from different regions of Brazil were selected finding 28 positives and 4 negatives for rabies by the standard tests. The same material was tested by the RT-PCR technique, demonstrating 100% of concordance with those results. Also, the RT-PCR technique showed great sensitivity decomposed samples

Descrição de um novo foco endêmico de esquistossomose mansônica no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil The description of a new endemic focus of schistosomiasis mansoni in the state of S. Paulo, Brazil

Foi descrito novo foco endêmico de esquistossomose mansônica situado na Cidade de Bebedouro, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram analisados 221 casos diagnosticados da doença segundo a idade, sexo e origem (autóctone ou não), bem como foram discutidos os fatores envolvidos no aparecimento do foco, alertando-se para a necessidade de medidas de controle.<br>A new endemic focus of schistosomiasis mansoni in the town of Bebedouro, S. Paulo, Brazil, is described. Two hundred and twenty-one cases are analyzed according to sex, age, and origin (autochthonous or not), the factors involved in the emergence of the focus are discussed and the necessity for control measure is emphasized

Large-scale transcriptome analyses reveal new genetic marker candidates of head, neck, and thyroid cancer

A detailed genome mapping analysis of 213,636 expressed sequence tags (EST) derived from nontumor and tumor tissues of the oral cavity, larynx, pharynx, and thyroid was done. Transcripts matching known human genes were identified; potential new splice variants were flagged and subjected to manual curation, pointing to 788 putatively new alternative splicing isoforms, the majority (75%) being insertion events. A subset of 34 new splicing isoforms (5% of 788 events) was selected and 23 (68%) were confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR and DNA sequencing. Putative new genes were revealed, including six transcripts mapped to well-studied chromosomes such as 22, as well as transcripts that mapped to 253 intergenic regions. in addition, 2,251 noncoding intronic RNAs, eventually involved in transcriptional regulation, were found. A set of 250 candidate markers for loss of heterozygosis or gene amplification was selected by identifying transcripts that mapped to genomic regions previously known to be frequently amplified or deleted in head, neck, and thyroid tumors. Three of these markers were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR in an independent set of individual samples. Along with detailed clinical data about tumor origin, the information reported here is now publicly available on a dedicated Web site as a resource for further biological investigation. This first in silico reconstruction of the head, neck, and thyroid transcriptomes points to a wealth of new candidate markers that can be used for future studies on the molecular basis of these tumors. Similar analysis is warranted for a number of other tumors for which large EST data sets are available.Univ São Paulo, Fac Med, Inst Psiquiatria, Neurosci Lab,Dept Psiquiatria, BR-05403010 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Bioquim, BR-05403010 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med, Lab Bioinformat, Inst Quim, BR-05403010 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med, Disciplina Oncol, Dept Radiol, BR-05403010 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Mol Endocrinol Lab, Dept Med & Morfol, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Canc AC Camargo, Dept Cirurg Cabeca & Pescoco & Otorrinolaringolog, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Lab Biol Mol & Genom Hemoctr, Campinas, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Lab Genom & Expressao, Campinas, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Dept Biol, Inst Biociencias, Araraquara, SP, BrazilFac Med Sao Jose Rio Preto, Dept Biol Mol, Sao Jose de Rio Preto, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Escola Farm, Dept Ciencias Biol, Araraquara, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Mol Endocrinol Lab, Dept Med & Morfol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: Secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE database

Background: The aim of this study was to describe data on epidemiology, ventilatory management, and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in immunocompromised patients. Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis on the cohort of immunocompromised patients enrolled in the Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure (LUNG SAFE) study. The LUNG SAFE study was an international, prospective study including hypoxemic patients in 459 ICUs from 50 countries across 5 continents. Results: Of 2813 patients with ARDS, 584 (20.8%) were immunocompromised, 38.9% of whom had an unspecified cause. Pneumonia, nonpulmonary sepsis, and noncardiogenic shock were their most common risk factors for ARDS. Hospital mortality was higher in immunocompromised than in immunocompetent patients (52.4% vs 36.2%; p &lt; 0.0001), despite similar severity of ARDS. Decisions regarding limiting life-sustaining measures were significantly more frequent in immunocompromised patients (27.1% vs 18.6%; p &lt; 0.0001). Use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) as first-line treatment was higher in immunocompromised patients (20.9% vs 15.9%; p = 0.0048), and immunodeficiency remained independently associated with the use of NIV after adjustment for confounders. Forty-eight percent of the patients treated with NIV were intubated, and their mortality was not different from that of the patients invasively ventilated ab initio. Conclusions: Immunosuppression is frequent in patients with ARDS, and infections are the main risk factors for ARDS in these immunocompromised patients. Their management differs from that of immunocompetent patients, particularly the greater use of NIV as first-line ventilation strategy. Compared with immunocompetent subjects, they have higher mortality regardless of ARDS severity as well as a higher frequency of limitation of life-sustaining measures. Nonetheless, nearly half of these patients survive to hospital discharge. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073. Registered on 12 December 2013