"Eurídice y Orfeo", de Antonio de Solís (Casa de Oropesa, Pamplona, 1643 – Casón del Buen Retiro, Madrid, 1655)

Eurídice y Orfeo represents a turning point in Antonio de Solís’s work given that it was his first foray into the theatre of the royal court. Its first composition, in the viceroyalty of Navarra, commissioned by the count of Oropesa dates from 1643. In 1655, when Solís had been named the king’s playwright, alongside Calderón, he adapted it to the setting and pomp of the royal court. There is no other comedy by Solís in the period between the first and the second version discussed here, but there are a number of changes in the author’s life. These circumstances are of great interest for the study of this work since they allow us to trace the differences in the author’s writing and his perception of the piece. Eurídice y Orfeo has never been edited or studied in detail despite, in addition to those already mentioned, the peculiarities both in the treatment of the myth and Solís’ approach to the scene and musical accompaniment. With this in mind, this article presents the preliminary results of a detailed study of the piece and the critical edition that is underway. This will be done in light of its historical and political context and with special attention to its most significant theatrical aspects.Eurídice y Orfeo constituye el punto de inflexión en la producción dramática de Antonio de Solís pues, con ella, el autor da el salto definitivo al teatro cortesano. Su primera composición, en el virreinato de Navarra y al servicio del conde de Oropesa, tiene fecha de 1643. En 1655, cuando Solís ya ha sido nombrado dramaturgo del rey junto a Calderón, la reelabora y adapta a la ingeniería escénica y al fasto de la corte. Entre la primera y la segunda creación de las que hablamos, no existe ninguna otra comedia propia de Solís, pero sí numerosos cambios en la vida del autor. Estas circunstancias generan gran interés al crítico ya que puede rastrear en dos escrituras de la misma obra y del mismo autor los cambios en su literatura y en su manera de concebir la obra de teatro. Eurídice y Orfeo no ha sido nunca editada ni estudiada en profundidad pese a que, además de las comentadas, ofrece peculiaridades tanto en el tratamiento del mito como en su concepción escénica y musical. Por ello pretendemos compartir con la comunidad filológica los primeros frutos del estudio detallado de la obra y la edición crítica que estamos elaborando, atendiendo a su contexto histórico-político y poniendo especial énfasis en sus aspectos teatrales más importantes

Hypocretin as a Hub for Arousal and Motivation

The lateral hypothalamus is comprised of a heterogeneous mix of neurons that serve to integrate and regulate sleep, feeding, stress, energy balance, reward, and motivated behavior. Within these populations, the hypocretin/orexin neurons are among the most well studied. Here, we provide an overview on how these neurons act as a central hub integrating sensory and physiological information to tune arousal and motivated behavior accordingly. We give special attention to their role in sleep-wake states and conditions of hyper-arousal, as is the case with stress-induced anxiety. We further discuss their roles in feeding, drug-seeking, and sexual behavior, which are all dependent on the motivational state of the animal. We further emphasize the application of powerful techniques, such as optogenetics, chemogenetics, and fiber photometry, to delineate the role these neurons play in lateral hypothalamic functions

Support effects in a Rh diamine complex heterogenized on carbon materials

The Rh diamine complex [Rh(COD)NH2(CH2)2NH(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3] BF4 was heterogenized by covalent bonding on two carbon xerogels and on carbon nanofibers, with the objective of preparing hydrogenation hybrid catalysts. Gas adsorption, SEM, TEM, DTP, ICP-OES and XPS were used for characterization. The results indicate that the active molecule is mainly located in supermicropores and produces microporosity blockage. The hybrid catalysts are more active than the homogeneous complex, but the Rh complex is partially reduced upon reaction. This modification is related to the nature of the support, which also shows effects in the stabilization against sintering of the Rh particles formed. The support porosity is a key factor in the selectivity differences between the catalysts.The authors thank the financial support to MICINN, Project MAT2009-07150, to GVA and FEDER, Project Prometeo 2009/047, and to MEC for the FPU scholarship of C.C.G

Non-covalent immobilization of RhDuphos on carbon nanotubes and carbon xerogels

The immobilization of the chiral complex RhDuphos, by electrostatic or π–π (adsorption) interactions, on carbon nanotubes and carbon xerogels is investigated. To promote such interactions, the supports were either oxidized or heat treated to create carboxylic type surface groups or an apolar surface, respectively. The catalysts were tested in the hydrogenation of methyl 2-acetamidoacrylate. The prepared hybrid catalysts are less active than the homogeneous RhDuphos, but most of them show a high enantioselectivity and the one prepared with the oxidized carbon xerogel is also reusable, being able to give a high substrate conversion, keeping as well a high enantioselectivity. The anchorage by electrostatic interactions is more interesting than the anchorage by π–π interactions, as the π–π adsorption method produces a modification of the metal complex structure leading to an active hybrid catalyst but without enantioselectivity. The creation of carboxylic groups on the support surface has led to some hindering of the complex leaching.The authors thank the financial support to MINECO, Project MAT2012-32832, to GVA and FEDER, Project PROMETEO 2009/047, and to MEC for the FPU scholarship of C.C.G

Chiral rhodium complexes covalently anchored on carbon nanotubes for enantioselective hydrogenation

Chiral rhodium hybrid nanocatalysts have been prepared by covalent anchorage of pyrrolidine-based diphosphine ligands onto functionalized CNTs. This work constitutes the first attempt at covalent anchoring of homogeneous chiral catalysts on CNTs. The catalysts, prepared with two different chiral phosphines, were characterized by ICP, XPS, N2 adsorption and TEM, and have been tested in the asymmetric hydrogenation of two different substrates: methyl 2-acetamidoacrylate and α-acetamidocinnamic acid. The hybrid nanocatalysts have shown to be active and enantioselective in the hydrogenation of α-acetamidocinnamic acid. A good recyclability of the catalysts with low leaching and without loss of activity and enantioselectivity was observed.The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (ENSIACET), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MICINN, Project MAT2012-32832, GVA and FEDER, Project Prometeo 2009/047, and MEC for the FPU scholarship of C.C.G

Evidences of the Cerium Oxide-Catalysed DPF Regeneration in a Real Diesel Engine Exhaust

The active phase Ce0.5Pr0.5O2 has been loaded on commercial substrates (SiC DPF and cordierite honeycomb monolith) to perform DPF regeneration experiments in the exhaust of a diesel engine. Also, a powder sample has been prepared to carry out soot combustion experiments at laboratory. Experiments performed in the real diesel exhaust demonstrated the catalytic activity of the Ce–Pr mixed oxide for the combustion of soot, lowering the DPF regeneration temperature with regard to a counterpart catalyst-free DPF. The temperature for active regeneration of the Ce0.5Pr0.5O2-containing DPF when the soot content is low is in the range of 500–550 °C. When the Ce0.5Pr0.5O2-containing DPF is saturated with a high amount of soot, pressure drop and soot load at the filter reach equilibrium at around 360 °C under steady state engine operation due to passive regeneration. The uncoated DPF reached this equilibrium at around 440 °C. Comparing results at real exhaust with those at laboratory allow concluding that the Ce0.5Pr0.5O2-catalysed soot combustion in the real exhaust is not based on the NO2-assisted mechanism but is most likely occurring by the active oxygen-based mechanism.The authors thank the financial support of Generalitat Valenciana (Project Prometeo 2009/047), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project CIT-420000-2009-48) and EU (FEDER funding)

Obesity- and gender-dependent role of endogenous somatostatin and cortistatin in the regulation of endocrine and metabolic homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) and cortistatin (CORT) regulate numerous endocrine secretions and their absence [knockout (KO)-models] causes important endocrine-metabolic alterations, including pituitary dysregulations. We have demonstrated that the metabolic phenotype of single or combined SST/CORT KO-models is not drastically altered under normal conditions. However, the biological actions of SST/CORT are conditioned by the metabolic-status (e.g. obesity). Therefore, we used male/female SST- and CORT-KO mice fed low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet to explore the interplay between SST/CORT and obesity in the control of relevant pituitary-axes and whole-body metabolism. Our results showed that the SST/CORT role in the control of GH/prolactin secretions is maintained under LF- and HF-diet conditions as SST-KOs presented higher GH/prolactin-levels, while CORT-KOs displayed higher GH- and lower prolactin-levels than controls under both diets. Moreover, the impact of lack of SST/CORT on the metabolic-function was gender- and diet-dependent. Particularly, SST-KOs were more sensitive to HF-diet, exhibiting altered growth and body-composition (fat/lean percentage) and impaired glucose/insulin-metabolism, especially in males. Conversely, only males CORT-KO under LF-diet conditions exhibited significant alterations, displaying higher glucose-levels and insulin-resistance. Altogether, these data demonstrate a tight interplay between SST/CORT-axis and the metabolic status in the control of endocrine/metabolic functions and unveil a clear dissociation of SST/CORT rolesThis work was supported by the following grants: Junta de Andalucía (CTS-1406, BIO-0139), ISCIII-FIS [PI13/00651 and PIE14/00005 (co-funded by European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund “Investing in your future”)], MINECO (BFU2013–43282-R), “Miguel Servet” Program, CIBERobn and Ayuda Merck Serono 2013S

Orexin receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3

Orexin receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Orexin receptors [42]) are activated by the endogenous polypeptides orexin-A and orexin-B (also known as hypocretin-1 and -2; 33 and 28 aa) derived from a common precursor, preproorexin or orexin precursor, by proteolytic cleavage and some typical peptide modifications [109]. Currently the only orexin receptor ligands in clinical use are suvorexant and lemborexant, which are used as hypnotics. Orexin receptor crystal structures have been solved [134, 133, 54, 117, 46]

Orexin receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

Orexin receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Orexin receptors [39]) are activated by the endogenous polypeptides orexin-A and orexin-B (also known as hypocretin-1 and -2; 33 and 28 aa) derived from a common precursor, preproorexin or orexin precursor, by proteolytic cleavage and some typical peptide modifications [102]. Currently the only orexin receptor ligand in clinical use is suvorexant, which is used as a hypnotic. Orexin receptor crystal structures have been solved [124, 123]