DOM CASMURRO: NARRATIVA DE UMA OPRESSÃO

Resumo: resultado da crítica aos valores mais tradicionais da ascendente burguesia, a condição feminina ascende como um dos grandes temas a serem abordados pela narrativa romanesca, em especial as elaboradas a partir do século XIX. O presente artigo procura, por meio da análise de quatro grandes romances de adultério, refletir acerca da problemática feminina, a qual encontra, na obra de Machado de Assis, o ponto mais alto de sua representação

Geometric properties of galactic discs with clumpy episodes

A scenario for the formation of the bi-modality in the chemical space [α/Fe] vs [Fe/H] of the Milky Way was recently proposed in which α-enhanced stars are produced early and quickly in clumps. Besides accelerating the enrichment of the medium with α-elements, these clumps scatter the old stars, converting in-plane to vertical motion, forming a geometric thick disc. In this paper, by means of a detailed analysis of the data from smooth particle hydrodynamical simulations, we investigate the geometric properties (in particular of the chemical thick disc) produced in this scenario. For mono-age populations we show that the surface radial density profiles of high-[α/Fe] stars are well described by single exponentials, while that of low-[α/Fe] stars require broken exponentials. This break is sharp for young populations and broadens for older ones. The position of the break does not depend significantly on age. The vertical density profiles of mono-age populations are characterized by single exponentials, which flare significantly for low-[α/Fe] stars but only weakly (or not at all) for high-[α/Fe] stars. For low-[α/Fe] stars, the flaring level decreases with age, while for high-[α/Fe] stars it weakly increases with age (although with large uncertainties). All these properties are in agreement with observational results recently reported for the Milky Way, making this a plausible scenario for the formation of the Galactic thick disc

Box/peanut-shaped bulges in action space

Abstract We introduce the study of box/peanut (B/P) bulges in the action space of the initial axisymmetric system. We explore where populations with different actions end up once a bar forms and a B/P bulge develops. We find that the density bimodality due to the B/P bulge (the X-shape) is better traced by populations with low radial, $\rm J_{R,0}$, or vertical, $\rm J_{z,0}$, actions, or high azimuthal action, $\rm J_{\phi ,0}$. Generally populations separated by $\rm J_{R,0}$ have a greater variation in bar strength and vertical heating than those separated by $\rm J_{z,0}$. While the bar substantially weakens the initial vertical gradient of $\rm J_{z,0}$, it also drives a strikingly monotonic vertical profile of $\rm J_{R,0}$. We then use these results to guide us in assigning metallicity to star particles in a pure N-body model. Because stellar metallicity in unbarred galaxies depends on age as well as radial and vertical positions, the initial actions are particularly well suited for assigning metallicities. We argue that assigning metallicities based on single actions, or on positions, results in metallicity distributions inconsistent with those observed in real galaxies. We therefore use all three actions to assign metallicity to an N-body model by comparing with the actions of a star-forming, unbarred simulation. The resulting metallicity distribution is pinched on the vertical axis, has a realistic vertical gradient and has a stronger X-shape in metal-rich populations, as found in real galaxies

Bending waves excited by irregular gas inflow along warps

Gaia has revealed clear evidence of bending waves in the vertical kinematics of stars in the solar neighbourhood. We study bending waves in two simulations, one warped, with the warp due to misaligned gas inflow, and the other unwarped. We find slow, retrograde bending waves in both models, with the ones in the warped model having larger amplitudes. We also find fast, prograde bending waves. Prograde bending waves in the unwarped model are very weak, in agreement with the expectation that these waves should decay on short, approximately crossing, time-scales, due to strong winding. However, prograde bending waves are much stronger for the duration of the warped model, pointing to irregular gas inflow along the warp as a continuous source of excitation. We demonstrate that large-amplitude bending waves that propagate through the solar neighbourhood give rise to a correlation between the mean vertical velocity and the angular momentum, with a slope consistent with that found by Gaia. The bending waves affect populations of all ages, but the sharpest features are found in the young populations, hinting that short-wavelength waves are not supported by the older, kinematically hotter, populations. Our results demonstrate the importance of misaligned gas accretion as a recurrent source of vertical perturbations of disc galaxies, including in the Milky Way

The Freedom in the Tropics: The Existentialist Romance of Graciliano Ramos

the work of Graciliano Ramos has always noted through a direct style and object, the most intense and human, as well as the political and social leaders of the human groups he observes and that make up his fictional universe. In Anguish, the book is a revelation yet another face of its production, deeply rooted the problematic of the human in its fundamental conditioning. The present text aims to discuss how a work of Graciliano Ramos dialogues with the great tradition of the existentialist novel, as well as offered singular points of repercussion of the ideas of this movement.a obra de Graciliano Ramos sempre se notabilizou por expressar, por meio de um estilo direto e objeto, os mais intenso conflitos humanos, bem como os embates políticos e sociais que permeiam os grupos humanos por ele observados e que compõem o seu universo ficcional. Em Angústia, o escritor alagoano revela ainda uma outra face de sua produção, fortemente arraigada à problemática da existência humana em seus condicionamentos fundamentais. O presente texto visa discutir de que maneira a obra de Graciliano Ramos dialoga com a grande tradição do romance existencialista, bem como ofereceu pontos singulares de repercussão das ideias deste movimento

Filosofias do tempo: circularidade, sujeito e objetivação

O presente artigo visa discutir a problemática filosófica do tempo a partir das perspectivas dos filósofos Empédocles e Kant, enfatizando o caráter cíclico do primeiro e as condições subjetivas de realização da temporalidade do segundo. Com isso, pretende-se não somente enfatizar a acuidade organizativa de seu conceito, como também verificar de que modo esses aspectos dialogam com expressões significativas temporais da contemporaneidade, em que se destaca o pensamento do filósofo francês Bernard Stiegler, para quem as mudanças socioeconômicas são de relevância precípua para a constituição de uma nova perspectiva temporal, dessa vez regida por elementos externos que ameaçam decisivamente a individualidade dos diversos sujeitos

Kant e a estética: arte como formação

Abstract: This essay aims to review fundamental features of the Immanuel Kant's aesthetical thinking, as well as to debate how his theories concerning judgment influence his deepest conceptions about the individual's construction processes and contribute to his world view. Kant analyzed in detail the questions related to aesthetic judgment, starting with the concepts of the beautiful and the Sublime. Bearing this in mind, we seek to outline the trajectory of the philosopher in his approach to these subjects while analyzing the existing connections between his theories about Fine Art and the Enlightenment question, a cornerstone of Kantian Philosophy Project.   Keywords: aesthetic, beautiful, sublime, art.Resumo: Esse texto visa passar em revista aspectos do pensamento estético de Immanuel Kant, bem como debater as formas pelas quais suas teorias acerca do juízo influenciam as suas mais agudas concepções acerca do processo formativo dos sujeitos e contribuem para sua compreensão de mundo. Kant empreendeu uma profunda análise a respeito das questões relativas aos juízos estéticos, a partir dos conceitos de belo e de sublime. Assim, o que se procura delinear aqui é o percurso realizado pelo filósofo na abordagem do referido tema, ao passo que analisará as relações existentes entre sua teoria da arte e a questão do esclarecimento, eixo central do projeto filosófico kantiano. Palavras-chave: estética, belo, sublime, arte