Influence of physical exercise practice against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: narrative review

As a protective measure against the Covid-19 virus, the world health organization strongly recommended social isolation. Because of a lower offer of physical exercise, there was an increase in the number of physical inactivity, poor diet, and psychological disorders. In this sense, this literature review aims to address how the practice of physical exercise is important to protect the metabolic and psychological health of the population. During forced isolation, it was possible to observe an increase in sedentary lifestyle and poor diet. As an outcome, possible damage to the population's mental health was also identified. In contrast, it was observed that individuals who practiced physical exercise, managed to mitigate both metabolic and psychological damage. Ahead, it was also possible to observe that this practice significantly contributed to the individuals' immune system, which can collaborate with the organism in the fight against possible contamination. Given this, the objective of this review was to identify possible implications of physical exercise on psychological and immunological aspects in coping with Covid-19. Important physiological effects of exercise were found, such as elevation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which has beneficial effects in controlling depression and cognitive performance; the control of obesity through specific training methodologies can collaborate to control pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase mitochondrial function and immune system. In addition, there are up to 205 symptoms after infection by SARS-CoV2 and physical exercise can be a great ally for recovery. Therefore, it is believed that regular exercise has positive effects before, over, and post-pandemic

IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION OF NATIVE AND INVASIVE GRASSES IN THE CERRADO

Biological invasion, mainly by African grasses, is one of the main threats to the Cerrado's biodiversity. The objective of this study was to elucidate the distribution patterns of the exotic grass Melinis minutiflora and the native grass Trichanthecium cyanescens, in order to verify the areas of potential occurrence of these species and, thus, to infer if their potential distribution will be affected by climate changes. Species occurrence data and ten uncorrelated climatic variables referring to the forecasts for the current period and future forecasts (2050 and 2070) were used for the analysis of the modeling. The models indicated the existence of environmental suitability, with AUCs above 0.8 (good) being observed in M. minutiflora and above 0.9 (excellent) in T. cyanescens. It is concluded that climate change may have negative impacts on the geographic distribution of these species, reducing the area of environmental suitability for them. In addition, the species studied have similar areas of potential distribution and regularly overlap, which can make M. minutiflora a threat to the conservation of T. cyanences, due to the invasion potential of the first

Fascismo e corporativismo na América Latina: os casos da Ação Integralista Brasileira e da Unión Revolucionaria

This research investigates the fascist State projects based on corporatism in Latin America in the 1930s. The analytical field is the most successful electoral and political fascist parties: in Brazil, the Brazilian Integralist Action (Ação Integralista Brasileira – AIB), and in Peru, the Revolutionary Union (Unión Revolucionaria – UR). Despite the non-institutionalization of the movements as regimes and their autochthonous and particular configurations, these organizations are analyzed based on the circulation of fascist ideas in the press. The article proposes to examine agreements and disagreements between corporatist proposals in a transnational perspective. In conclusion, even though there was a sharing of theoretical references, each movement dialogued with its specific context, incorporating aspects of its sociopolitical reality.A pesquisa investiga os projetos de Estado fascistas a partir do corporativismo na América Latina, na década de 1930. Tem-se como campo analítico os partidos fascistas de maior sucesso eleitoral e político: no Brasil, a Ação Integralista Brasileira (AIB), e no Peru, a Unión Revolucionaria (UR). Apesar da não institucionalização dos movimentos enquanto regimes e de suas configurações autóctones e particulares, tais organizações são analisadas por meio da circulação de ideias fascistizantes através da imprensa. O artigo propõe examinar aproximações e distanciamentos das propostas corporativistas em um viés transnacional. Conclui-se, que, ainda que houvesse a partilha de referenciais teóricos, cada movimento dialogava com seu contexto específico, incorporando aspectos de sua realidade sociopolítica

Dietary restriction, caloric value and the accumulation of hepatic fat

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Studies using laboratory animals under what are considered to be "standard" conditions normally offer unrestricted amounts of food to the animals, which can lead to metabolic disorders. Moreover, standard diets have different compositions.</p> <p>Aim</p> <p>Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of two non-isocaloric diets (commercial Purina^®and AIN-93M), which are considered standard diets, on the accumulation of fat in the liver of rats when offered ad libitum or in a restricted amount.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Thus, 40 Wistar rats (90 days old) were separated into 4 groups according to the amount of food offered (ad libitum or dietary restriction) and the type of diet (commercial diet, 3,028.0 kcal/g or AIN-93M, 3,802.7 kcal/g): animals fed the commercial Purina^®diet ad libitum (AP), animals fed restricted amounts of the commercial Purina^®diet (RP), animals fed the AIN-93M diet ad libitum (AD), and animals fed restricted amounts of the AIN-93M diet (RD). Dietary restriction consisted of pair-feeding the RP and RD groups with 60% of the total food consumed by the corresponding ad libitum groups.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Because of its higher carbohydrate and calorie content, AIN-93M was found to accelerate weight gain, reduce glucose tolerance and peripheral insulin sensitivity, and increase the amount of fat in the liver when compared to the commercial diet. Conversely, a 40% dietary restriction assisted in weight loss without causing malnutrition, contributing to an improved glucose tolerance and higher levels of HDL cholesterol.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Therefore, differences in the amount of carbohydrates and calories provided by the diet can lead to important metabolic disorders, such as impaired tolerance and accumulation of hepatic fat, and dietary restriction improves serum and tissue lipid profiles in laboratory animals.</p

Hepatic biochemical changes in rats submitted to a high-fat/high-energy diet

OBJECTIVE: The present study analyzed the biochemical and hepatic changes in adult rats fed a high-fat diet for two months. METHODS: Twenty Wistar rats 90 days old were divided into two groups, a control group consisting of normal weight rats fed a commercial rat chow and a diet group consisting of normal weight rats submitted to a semi-purified high-fat, high-energy diet. The animals in control group were kept on a commercial Purina® chow and those in diet group on a high-fat/high-energy diet containing 35% fat, of which 31% were from animal source (39% saturated fat) and 4% were from vegetable source (soybean oil). After 60 days of this experimental diet, the following were assessed: body weight, insulin sensitivity, blood glucose, serum insulin and free fatty acids, triglycerides, total lipids and hepatic lipogenic activity. RESULTS: Diet group presented higher body mass and insulin resistance. Blood glucose did not differ between the groups. A higher level of serum insulin and free fatty acids were found in diet group. Total lipids, triglycerides and lipogenic rate were also higher in group D. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the present findings demonstrate that two months of a high-fat/high-energy diet increases the body weight and hepatic free fatty acids and decreases insulin sensitivity of adult rats, typical signs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar as alterações bioquímicas hepáticas decorrentes da administração de uma dieta hiperlipídica/hiperenergética em ratos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 20 ratos (Wistar) com 90 dias de idade divididos em dois grupos, grupo-controle constituída por ratos eutróficos alimentados com dieta comercial para roedores e grupo-dieta constituída por ratos submetidos a uma dieta hiperlipídica/hiperenergética semi purificada feita com 35% de gordura sendo 31% de origem animal a qual possui 39% de gordura saturada e 4% de origem vegetal (óleo de soja). Os animais do grupo-controle foram mantidos com dieta comercial Purina® e o grupo-dieta com uma dieta hiperlipídica/hiperenergética constituída por 35% de gordura. Após 60 dias de administração de uma dieta hiperlipídica/hiperenergética, analisou-se massa corporal, sensibilidade à insulina, concentração sérica de glicose, insulina e ácidos graxos livres e medida do nível de triglicerídeos, lipídeos totais e atividade lipogênica hepática. RESULTADOS: O grupo-dieta apresentou maior massa corporal e resistência à insulina. No sangue não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos para os níveis de glicose. Foi evidenciada maior concentração de insulina e de ácidos graxos livres no soro para o grupo-dieta. No fígado o nível de lipídeos totais, triglicerídeos e taxa lipo-gênica foram superiores às do grupo-controle. CONCLUSÃO: Portanto, nossos achados demonstram que dois meses de ingestão de dieta hiperlipídica/hiperenergética por ratos adultos eleva o peso corporal, ácidos graxos livres hepáticos, diminui a sensibilidade à insulina, demostrando sinais típicos de doença hepática gordurosa não-alcoólica.68569

Shares of the search for respiratory symptoms of tuberculosis according to the professionals' view of a Family Health Unit

Analyze in accordance with the professional's view of a Family Health Team the practice of Search for respiratory symptoms of Tuberculosis in daily activities identifying difficulties in developing this action. Qualitative, with content analysis, thematic, through semi-structured interviews applied to five professionals that form a family health team of a health unit (clinic) in a medium-sized city in southern Brazil. The statements reveal that shares of the search for respiratory symptoms of tuberculosis have the community as the main scenario and the Family Health Strategy has the potential to intensify actions to control TB in this medium. The role of the Community Health Agent is deployed in these shares and also the insecurity of health professionals with the risk of contagion of the disease. The search for respiratory symptoms of TB is a program developed by the professionals of the FHS. However, difficulties are identified in the continuity of health care necessary to diagnose the disease because of quantitative weaknesses (lack of human resources) and qualitative (unprepared professionals) with implications for tuberculosis contro

Ações de busca de sintomáticos respiratórios de tuberculose na visão dos profissionais de uma unidade saúde da família

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar na visão dos profissionais de uma Equipe Saúde da Família a prática da Busca dos Sintomáticos Respiratórios (BSR) da Tuberculose (TB) em suas atividades diárias identificando dificuldade no desenvolvimento desta ação. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, a análise foi de conteúdo, modalidade temática, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas aplicadas a 5 profissionais que conformam uma equipe de saúde da família de uma unidade de saúde de um município de médio porte no sul do Brasil. Os depoimentos revelam que as ações de BSR têm como cenário principal a comunidade e que Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), tem potencial para intensificar as ações de controle da TB neste meio. Destaca-se o protagonismo do Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS) nestas ações e a insegurança do profissional de saúde diante do risco de contagio da doença. A BSR é uma ação desenvolvida pelos profissionais da ESF. Contudo, identificam-se dificuldades na continuidade das ações de saúde necessárias ao diagnóstico da doença devido às fragilidades quantitativas (falta de recursos humanos) e qualitativas (despreparo dos profissionais) com implicações para controle da tuberculose

A interferência da alimentação e da suplementação na fibromialgia em adultos

A fibromialgia (FM) é uma síndrome dolorosa crônica que se caracteriza por dor musculoesquelética generalizada, geralmente associada a cansaço, fadiga e alterações do sono. Diante disso, esta revisão integrativa tem como objetivo analisar os estudos que interrelacionam o padrão de alimentação e a fibromialgia. Trata-se de um estudo de mini revisão integrativa da literatura com artigos selecionados no portal da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Pubmed que respondem à pergunta norteadora: Quais as associações entre as dores crônicas, alimentação e saúde do adulto com fibromialgia? Na presente mini revisão integrativa, analisou-se 5 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão preliminarmente estabelecidos e iam ao encontro com o objetivo de analisar a interferência do padrão de alimentação na fibromialgia. Diante disso, faz-se notório que a alimentação balanceada e a suplementação adequada, de acordo com cada necessidade específica do paciente e com as evidências da literatura, atuam como fatores de melhora da fibromialgia