Activity Dependent Protein Degradation Is Critical for the Formation and Stability of Fear Memory in the Amygdala

Protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system [UPS] plays a critical role in some forms of synaptic plasticity. However, its role in memory formation in the amygdala, a site critical for the formation of fear memories, currently remains unknown. Here we provide the first evidence that protein degradation through the UPS is critically engaged at amygdala synapses during memory formation and retrieval. Fear conditioning results in NMDA-dependent increases in degradation-specific polyubiquitination in the amygdala, targeting proteins involved in translational control and synaptic structure and blocking the degradation of these proteins significantly impairs long-term memory. Furthermore, retrieval of fear memory results in a second wave of NMDA-dependent polyubiquitination that targets proteins involved in translational silencing and synaptic structure and is critical for memory updating following recall. These results indicate that UPS-mediated protein degradation is a major regulator of synaptic plasticity necessary for the formation and stability of long-term memories at amygdala synapses

Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report

This is the final version. Available from Taylor & Francis via the DOI in this record

MicroRNA and Target Protein Patterns Reveal Physiopathological Features of Glioma Subtypes

Gliomas such as oligodendrogliomas (ODG) and glioblastomas (GBM) are brain tumours with different clinical outcomes. Histology-based classification of these tumour types is often difficult. Therefore the first aim of this study was to gain microRNA data that can be used as reliable signatures of oligodendrogliomas and glioblastomas. We investigated the levels of 282 microRNAs using membrane-array hybridisation and real-time PCR in ODG, GBM and control brain tissues. In comparison to these control tissues, 26 deregulated microRNAs were identified in tumours and the tissue levels of seven microRNAs (miR-21, miR-128, miR-132, miR-134, miR-155, miR-210 and miR-409-5p) appropriately discriminated oligodendrogliomas from glioblastomas. Genomic, epigenomic and host gene expression studies were conducted to investigate the mechanisms involved in these deregulations. Another aim of this study was to better understand glioma physiopathology looking for targets of deregulated microRNAs. We discovered that some targets of these microRNAs such as STAT3, PTBP1 or SIRT1 are differentially expressed in gliomas consistent with deregulation of microRNA expression. Moreover, MDH1, the target of several deregulated microRNAs, is repressed in glioblastomas, making an intramitochondrial-NAD reduction mediated by the mitochondrial aspartate-malate shuttle unlikely. Understanding the connections between microRNAs and bioenergetic pathways in gliomas may lead to identification of novel therapeutic targets

Copernicus Ocean State Report, issue 6

The 6th issue of the Copernicus OSR incorporates a large range of topics for the blue, white and green ocean for all European regional seas, and the global ocean over 1993–2020 with a special focus on 2020

Les interdits de chéquier

Withdrawal of a cheque book Withdrawal of a cheque book is an aspect of financial exclusion. Almost 3 million people in France are in this situation. JEL Classification : G21, G28, I30Parmi toutes les formes d’exclusion bancaire, l’interdiction bancaire d’émettre des chèques présente la double particularité d’être organisée par la loi d’une part et d’être précisément mesurée d’autre part puisqu’elle est matérialisée par l’inscription dans un fichier géré par la Banque de France. L’examen des chiffres fournis par le Fichier central des chèques (FCC) conduit à deux constats : en valeur absolue, le nombre de personnes inscrites est élevé (2,4 millions de personnes physiques et morales inscrites à fin 1997 ; 2,95 millions à fin 1999) ; la progression du nombre d’inscrits est continue depuis l’entrée en application du nouveau dispositif en 1992. Une partie du rythme de cette progression résulte cependant de ce que le fichier n’a pas encore 10 ans d’existence alors que les purges automatiques ne commencent qu’après 10 ans de fichage. Classification JEL : G21, G28, I30Le Quéau Pierre, Salon Daphné. Les interdits de chéquier . In: Revue d'économie financière, n°58, 2000. L'exclusion bancaire . pp. 97-112

François Le Lionnais and the Oulipo. The Unexpected Role of Mathematics in Literature

“The true spirit of delight, the exaltation, the sense of being more than Man, which is the touchstone of the highest excellence, is to be found in mathematics as surely as poetry” (Bertrand Russel, Mysticism and Logic, 1910). This sentence, quoted by François Le Lionnais in his work La Beauté en Mathématiques in [1], reflects his conception of a deep bond between mathematics and literature. He had a multifaceted education and was an erudite and founder of the Oulipo with Raymond Queneau. Even though he was neither a “professional” mathematician nor a “professional” man of letters but only an épicurien passionné as he defined himself [2],1 while alive, he channelled his interests in the theorisation of the so-called littérature potentielle (potential literature) “pour exciter les curieux d’insolite et faire réfléchir les passionnés de littérature aussi bien que le fanatiques de mathématiques” [3]. The purpose of this chapter is outline the figure of François Le Lionnais (who we will refer to from here on as FLL as he himself liked to do [4]) through the analysis of his most meaningfulworks,2 which, in the current literature, appear as subordinated to the works of the more famous and researched Queneau

ArchiRac : Caractérisation de la diversité génétique de l’architecture racinaire chez le blé tendre et le blé dur

National audienceLe système racinaire constitue la partie invisible des plantes mais il joue néanmoins un rôleprimordial dans leur développement. C’est par le système racinaire que la plante va prélever deséléments qui sont indispensables à sa survie, et c’est donc, au moins en partie, les caractéristiques dece système racinaire qui vont lui permettre de résister à des stress abiotiques. Il a été notammentmontré que des caractères liés à l’architecture racinaire pouvaient être responsables d’une meilleuretolérance à des stress hydriques. Le projet FSOV ArchiRac vise à caractériser un grand nombre devariétés élites et de diversité de blé tendre et de blé dur pour leur architecture racinaire grâce à desexpérimentations en plateforme de phénotypage haut-débit 4PMI (Jeudy et al., 2016). Les mesuresréalisées sur cette plateforme seront confrontées à des mesures d’architecture racinaire réalisées auchamp dans des conditions optimales ou de stress hydriques, et à des mesures de caractèresagronomiques dans le réseau d’essais du projet BreedWheat. Des analyses de génétique d’associationet de prédiction génomique seront réalisées pour détecter des QTLs d’intérêt et calibrer des équationsde prédiction de manière à valoriser ces résultats en sélection. Les premiers résultats sont prometteurset illustrent la grande variabilité phénotypique disponible sur ce matériel

Medicago truncatula genotype drives the plant nutritional strategy and its associated rhizosphere bacterial communities

International audienceWith the growing concern of developing a more sustainable agriculture, decreasing the use of inputs, and promoting biological diversity, harnessing plant microbiome through plant genetics is gaining of interest to improve plant growth, nutrition, and health. While genome-wide association studies have been conducted to identify plant genes driving the plant microbiome, more multidisciplinary studies are required to assess the relationships among plant the genetic effects, the plant microbiome and plant fitness. Using a metabarcoding approach, we characterized the rhizosphere bacterial communities of a core collection of 155 Medicago truncatula genotypes together with the plant phenotype, using an ecophysiological framework, and investigate the plant genetic effects through genome-wide association studies. The different genotypes within the M. truncatula core collection showed contrasted growth and carbon and nitrogen nutritional strategies but few loci were associated to these ecophysiological traits. To go further, we described its associated rhizosphere bacterial communities, dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, and defined acore rhizosphere bacterial community. Next, occurrence of bacterial candidates predicting plant ecophysiological traits of interest were identified using random forest analyzes. Some of them were heritable and plant loci were identified, pinpointing genes related to response to hormone stimulus, systemic acquired resistance, response to stress, nutrient starvation ortransport, and root development.Together, these results suggest that plant genetic can affect the plant growth and nutritional strategies harnessing keystones bacteria in a well-connected network community

Genetic diversity for seed protein composition in Meticago truncatula

International audienc