Auch polnische Schüler denken, forschen und gewinnen moralisch-demokratische Kompetenzen. Projekt-Bericht

Im jungen demokratischen Polen finden in der letzten Zeit heftige Diskussionen über die demokratischen Bildung und deren Methoden: gleichzeitig wird die Kondition polnischen Schulsystems ins Visier genommen. Vor allem wirft man der polnischen Schule, about it dass sie ihre Absolventen ohne grundlegende kognitive und praktische Kompetenzen frei lässt: besonders knapp sind da selbständiges Denken und Problemlösenfähigkeit

Chromium Speciation in Wastewater and Sewage by Solid-Phase Extraction Using a New Diphenylcarbazone-Incorporated Resin

A new procedure for the determination of chromium species in polluted environmental samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry was developed in this work. A new material containing 1,5-diphenylcarbazone included in a polymeric matrix was prepared and employed as a solid-phase extraction material for selective separation of Cr(III) ions under dynamic conditions. Chromium(III) ions were retained on this sorbent with high efficiency and repeatability (95 %, RSD = 1 %) from solutions with pH 9.0. The quantitative recovery of analyte was obtained with 0.1 mol L−1 EDTA. The concentration of Cr(VI) ions was calculated from the difference between the concentration of total chromium and Cr(III) ions. The prepared sorbent exhibits good chemical and mechanical stability, sorption capacity and selectivity towards Cr(III) ions in the presence of Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Ca(II) ions. The accuracy of the separation method was proved by analysis of reference material of wastewater RES 10.2. The developed procedure was applied for chromium speciation analysis in municipal sewage samples.Barbara Leśniewska: [email protected] Leśniewska - Institute of Chemistry, University of BialystokAnna Jeglikowska - Institute of Chemistry, University of BialystokBeata Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz - Institute of Chemistry, University of BialystokAboufazeli, F., Lotfi, Z. Z., Hamid, R., Sadeghi, O., Karimi, M., & Najafi, E. (2013). Novel ion imprinted polymer magnetic mesoporous silica nano-particles for selective separation and determination of lead ions in food samples. Food Chemistry, 141, 3459–3465.Bagheri, A., Behbahani, M., Amini, M. M., Sadeghi, O., Taghizade, M., Baghayi, L., & Salarian, M. (2012). Simultaneous separation and determination of trace amounts of Cd(II) and Cu(II) in environmental samples using novel diphenylcarbazide modified nanoporous silica. Talanta, 89, 455–461.Barałkiewicz, D., Pikosz,B.,Belter,M.,&Marcinkowska,M. (2013). Speciation analysis of chromium in drinking water samples by ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC-ICP-MS: validation of the analytical method and evaluation of the uncertainty budget. Accreditation and Quality Assurance, 18, 391–401.Bayramoglu, G., & Arica, M. Y. (2011). Synthesis of Cr(VI)-imprinted poly(4-vinyl pyridine-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) particles: its adsorption propensity to Cr(VI). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 187, 213–221.Behbahani, M., Bagheri, A., Amini, M. M., Sadeghi, O., Salarian, M., Najafi, F., & Taghizadeh, M. (2013a). Application of multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified by diphenylcarbazide for selective solid phase extraction of ultra traces Cd(II) in water samples and food products. Food Chemistry, 141, 48–53.Behbahani, M., Bagheri, A., Taghizadeh, M., Salarian, M., Sadeghi, O., Adlnasab, L., & Jalali, K. (2013b). Synthesis and characterisation of nano structure lead (II) ion-imprinted polymer as a new sorbent for selective extraction and preconcentration of ultra trace amounts of lead ions from vegetables, rice, and fish samples. Food Chemistry, 138, 2050–2056.Report on Carcinogens, Thirteenth Edition. (2014). Chromium hexavalent compounds, CAS No. 18540-29-9, National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services. (http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc13).Chang, Q., Song, S., Wang, Y., Li, J., & Ma, J. (2012). Application of grapheme as a sorbent for preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of chromium(III) in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Analytical Methods, 4, 1110–1016.EEATechnical report. (2015). European Union emission inventory report 1990–2013 under the UNECE Convention on Longrange Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) (Vol. 8, p. 69). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/lrtap-emissioninventory-report/#parent-fieldname-title; 18.12.2015.EPA (2014). Priority pollutant list: http://www2.epa.gov/eg/toxicand-priority-pollutants-under-clean-water-act (6.12.2015).Filik, H., Doğutan, M., & Apak, R. (2003). Speciation analysis of chromium by separation on a 5-palmitoyl oxine-functionalized XAD-2 resin and spectrophotometric determination with diphenylcarbazide. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 376, 928–933.Hoet, P. (2005). Speciation of chromium in occupational exposure and clinical aspects. In R. Cornelis, H. Crews, J. Caruso, & K. G. Heumann (Eds.), Handbook of elemental speciation II: species in the environment, food, medicine & occupational health (pp. 135–157). Chichester: Wiley, Ltd.IARC. (1990). Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Chromium, nickel and welding (Vol. 49, pp. 49–214). Lyon: WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer.Inczedy, J, Lengyel, T, Ure, AM, Gelencser, A, Hulanicki, A (1998) Compendium of analytical nomenclature. 3rd ed. IUPAC, Blackwell Science.Kotaś, J., & Stasicka, Z. (2000). Chromium occurrence in the environment and methods of its speciation. Environmental Pollution, 107, 263–283.Leśniewska, B., Kosińska, M., Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz, B., Zambrzycka, E., & Wilczewska, A. Z. (2011). Studies of new sorbents based on imprinted complexes of Pt(II) with thiosemicarbazone derivatives for separation and determination of platinum in environmental samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Mikrochimica Acta, 175, 273–282.Leśniewska, B., Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz, B., & Wilczewska, A. Z. (2012). Separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of Cr(III) ions on ion imprinted polymer from water samples. Microchemical Journal, 105, 88–93.Leśniewska, B., Trzonkowska, L., Zambrzycka, E., & GodlewskaŻyłkiewicz, B. (2015). Multi-commutation flow system with on-line solid phase extraction exploiting the ion-imprinted polymer and FAAS detection for chromium speciation analysis in sewage samples. Analytical Methods, 7, 1517–1526.Long, X., Miro, M., & Hansen, H. (2005). Universal approach for selective trace metal determinations via sequential injection-bead injection-lab on valve using renewable hydrophobic bead surfaces as reagent carriers. Analytical Chemistry, 77, 6032–6041.Ma, J., Yuan, D., & Byrne, R. H. (2014). Flow injection analysis of trace chromium(VI) in drinking water with a liquid waveguide capillary cell and spectrophotometric detection. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186, 367–373.Madzgalj, A., Baesso, M. L., & Franko, M. (2008). Flow injection thermal lens spectrometric detection of hexavalent chromium. European Physical Journal Special Topics, 153, 503–506.Metze, D., Jakubowski, N., & Klockow, D. (2005). Speciation of chromium in environment and food. In R. Cornelis, H. Crews, J. Caruso, & K. G. Heumann (Eds.), Handbook of elemental speciation II: species in the environment, food, medicine & occupational health (pp. 120–134). Chichester: Wiley, Ltd.Moghimi, A., & Poursharifi, M. J. (2011). Preconcentration and determination of mercury(II) using modified silica gel with diphenylthiocarbazone by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 23, 4117.Mondal, B. C., Das, D., & Das, A. K. (2002). Synthesis and characterization of a new resin functionalized with 2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid and its application for the speciation of chromium in natural water. Talanta, 56, 145–152.Mulaudzi, L. V., Staden, J. F., & Stefan, R. I. (2002). Determination of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) by use of a spectrophotometric sequential injection system. Analytica Chimica Acta, 467, 51–60.Namieśnik, J., & Rabajczyk, A. (2012). Speciation analysis of chromium in environmental samples. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 42, 327–377.Narin, I., Soylak, M., Kayakirilmaz, K., Elci, L., & Dogan, M. (2002). Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in tannery wastewater and sediment samples on Ambersorb 563 resin. Analytical Letters, 35, 1437–1452.Narin, I., Surme, Y., Soylak, M., & Dogand, M. (2006). Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in environmental samples by solid phase extraction on Ambersorb 563 resin. Journal of Hazardous Materials, B136, 579–584.Narin, I., Kars, A., & Soylak, M. (2008). A novel solid phase extraction procedure on Amberlite XAD-1180 for speciation of Cr(III), Cr(VI) and total chromium in environmental and pharmaceutical samples. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150, 453–458.Ordinance of the Minister of Environment concerning the conditions for spreading sewage into the water or soil, and on substances particularly harmful to the aquatic environment. Official Journal (2014),1800, p. 1–42 (in Polish).Pena, F., Lavilla, I., & Bendicho, C. (2008). Immersed single-drop microextraction interfaced with sequential injection analysis for determination of Cr(VI) in natural waters by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochimica Acta B, 63, 498–503.Pettine, M., & Capri, S. (2005). Removal of humic matter interference in the determination of Cr(VI) in soil extracts by the diphenylcarbazide method. Analytica Chimica Acta, 540, 239–246.Pyrzyńska, K. (2012). Non-chromatographic speciation analysis of chromium in natural waters. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 92, 1262–1275.Rajesh, N., Jalan, R. K., & Howany, P. (2008). Solid phase extraction of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions by adsorption of its diphenylocarbazide complex on an Amberlite XAD-4 resin column. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150, 723–727.Ščančar, J., & Milačič, R. (2014). A critical overview of Cr speciation analysis based on high performance liquid chromatography and spectrometric techniques. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 29, 427–443.Soylak, M., & Kizil, N. (2013). Neodymium(III) hydroxide coprecipitation-FAAS system for the speciation of chromium in natural waters. Atom Spectrosc, 34, 216–220.Stanisławska, M., Janasik, B., & Wasowicz, W. (2013). Application of high performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICPMS) for determination of chromium compounds in the air at the workplace. Talanta, 117, 14–19.Themelis, D. G., Kika, F. S., & Economou, A. (2006). Flow injection direct spectrophotometric assay for the speciation of trace chromium(III) and chromium(VI) using chromotropic acid as chromogenic reagent. Talanta, 69, 615–620.Tunceli, A., & Turker, A. (2002). Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in water after preconcentration of its 1,5-diphenylcarbazone complex on amberlite XAD-16 resin and determination by FAAS. Talanta, 57, 1199–1204.Tuzen, M., & Soylak, M. (2006). Chromium speciation in environmental samples by solid phase extraction on Chromosorb 108. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 129, 266–273.Tuzen, M., Uluozlu, O. D., & Soylak, M. (2007). Cr(VI) and Cr(III) speciation on Bacillus sphaericus loaded diaion SP850 resin. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 144, 549–555.Unsal, Y. E., Tuzen, M., & Soylak, M. (2014). Speciation of chromium by the combination of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and microsample injection flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 38, 173–181.Uygun, M., Feyzioğlu, E., Özçalışkan, E., Caka, M., Ergen, A., Akgöl, A., & Denizli, A. (2013). New generation ionimprinted nanocarrier for removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 15, 1–11.Yuan, D., Fu, D., Wang, R., & Yuan, J. (2008). Rapid determination of chromium(VI) in electroplating waste water by use of a spectrophotometric flow injection system. Spectrochimica Acta B, 71, 276–279.Zhai, Y., Duan, S., He, Q., Yang, X., & Han, Q. (2010). Solid phase extraction and preconcentration of trace mercury(II) from aqueous solution using magnetic nanoparticles doped with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide. Mikrochimica Acta, 169, 353–360.Zhang, N., Suleiman, J. S., He, M., & Hu, B. (2008). Chromium(III)-imprinted silica gel for speciation analysis of chromium in environmental water samples with ICP-MS detection. Talanta, 75, 536–543.Zhao, X., Song, N., Zhou, W., & Jia, Q. (2012). Preconcentration procedures for determination of chromium using atomic spectrometric techniques. Central European Journal of Chemistry, 10, 927–937

Preferred analysis methods for single genomic regions in RNA sequencing revealed by processing the shape of coverage

The informational content of RNA sequencing is currently far from being completely explored. Most of the analyses focus on processing tables of counts or finding isoform deconvolution via exon junctions. This article presents a comparison of several techniques that can be used to estimate differential expression of exons or small genomic regions of expression, based on their coverage function shapes. The problem is defined as finding the differentially expressed exons between two samples using local expression profile normalization and statistical measures to spot the differences between two profile shapes. Initial experiments have been done using synthetic data, and real data modified with synthetically created differential patterns. Then, 160 pipelines (5 types of generator × 4 normalizations × 8 difference measures) are compared. As a result, the best analysis pipelines are selected based on linearity of the differential expression estimation and the area under the ROC curve. These platform-independent techniques have been implemented in the Bioconductor package rnaSeqMap. They point out the exons with differential expression or internal splicing, even if the counts of reads may not show this. The areas of application include significant difference searches, splicing identification algorithms and finding suitable regions for QPCR primer

Analiza profilu demograficznego pacjentów leczonych z powodu niepłodności metodami rozrodu wspomaganego w latach 2005-2010

Objectives: analysis of the demographic profile of patients, causes for infertility and effectiveness of infertility treatment methods in the years 2005-2010. Material and methods: Retrospective research was conducted to analyze data of 1705 randomly selected couples who underwent in vitro fertilization procedure at the Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, between 2005 and 2010. The analyzed data included mainly causes for infertility, age of the female and male subjects, place of residence and final treatment results. Results: The percentage of pregnancy rate increased significantly to approximately 40% in 2007. The contribution of male and female infertility factors remained at a similar level, but the idiopathic factor continued to steadily increase (to 20% in the last years of the study). We observed a greater prevalence of the male factor among couples living in cities compared to inhabitants of rural areas (42.3% vs. 34.3%, p=0.004), whereas the tubal factor dominated among couples living in the countryside when compared to city dwellers (29.7% vs. 21.6%, p=0.001). The average age of women entering treatment was significantly higher in cities than the countryside (pCel pracy: Analiza profilu demograficznego pacjentów, przyczyn niepłodności oraz skuteczności leczenia metodami rozrodu wspomaganego w latach 2005-2010. Materiał i metody: W badaniu retrospektywnym przeanalizowano dane dotyczące 1705 losowo wybranych cykli leczenia niepłodności metodami rozrodu wspomaganego, przeprowadzonych w latach 2005-2010 w Klinice Rozrodczości i Endokrynologii Ginekologicznej Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Białymstoku. Wyniki: Odsetek uzyskanych ciąż wyraźnie wzrósł w 2007 roku do poziomu około 40%. Udział męskich i żeńskich czynników niepłodności kształtuje się na porównywalnym poziomie, stale wzrasta udział czynnika niewyjaśnionego pochodzenia (do około 20% w ostatnich latach badania). Wśród par z miasta stwierdza się większy niż na wsi odsetek występowania czynnika męskiego (42,3% vs. 34,3%, p=0,004), natomiast u par ze wsi – większy niż w miastach udział czynnika jajowodowego (29,7% vs. 21,6%, p=0,001). Przeciętny wiek kobiet podejmujących leczenie jest istotnie wyższy w mieście niż na wsi (

Preferred analysis methods for single genomic regions in RNA sequencing revealed by processing the shape of coverage

The informational content of RNA sequencing is currently far from being completely explored. Most of the analyses focus on processing tables of counts or finding isoform deconvolution via exon junctions. This article presents a comparison of several techniques that can be used to estimate differential expression of exons or small genomic regions of expression, based on their coverage function shapes. The problem is defined as finding the differentially expressed exons between two samples using local expression profile normalization and statistical measures to spot the differences between two profile shapes. Initial experiments have been done using synthetic data, and real data modified with synthetically created differential patterns. Then, 160 pipelines (5 types of generator × 4 normalizations × 8 difference measures) are compared. As a result, the best analysis pipelines are selected based on linearity of the differential expression estimation and the area under the ROC curve. These platform-independent techniques have been implemented in the Bioconductor package rnaSeqMap. They point out the exons with differential expression or internal splicing, even if the counts of reads may not show this. The areas of application include significant difference searches, splicing identification algorithms and finding suitable regions for QPCR primers

Successes and pitfalls of chronic peritoneal dialysis in infants – a Polish nationwide outcome study

Introduction: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a preferred method of renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease in children. Recent advances have allowed chronic PD to be provided to children of all ages and sizes. Material and methods: The study was designed as a national (10 dialysis centres), multicentre retrospective analysis of the medical history of 33 children who started chronic peritoneal dialysis in their infancy between 1993 and 2005, with a follow-up period of at least 24 months. Results: The nutritional status of the infants was unsatisfactory. The mean SDS of body weight at the start was -2.0, at 1 year of age -1.7. Only 40% of infants were adequately nourished at 1 year of age. Long-term follow-up analysis showed that 12 children received a kidney transplant, 13 were still on dialysis (4 changed method) and 6 died (mortality rate in the first year of life of 9%). In 2 children we observed an improvement of renal function. We observed a relatively high (1/8.8 patient-months) peritonitis rate in the analysed children when compared to 1 : 22 patient-months in all children undergoing PD in Poland. Conclusions: The results of our survey have shown that the management of dialysed infants is still a challenge for the medical team and families, but longterm results of the therapy are encouragin

Nauczyciel w szkole uczącej się. Informacje o nowym systemie wspomagania.

W niniejszej publikacji przedstawiono zasady nowego modelu wspomagania pracy szkół, które od stycznia 2016 roku będą obowiązywać placówki doskonalenia nauczycieli, poradnie psychologiczno-pedagogiczne oraz biblioteki pedagogiczne.Celem tego opracowania jest pokazanie roli szkoły – dyrektora i nauczycieli – oraz zadań stojących przed instytucjami wspierającymi szkołę w pracy. W opracowaniu publikacji uczestniczył zespół pracowników ośrodków doskonalenia nauczycieli, poradni psychologiczno-pedagogicznych oraz bibliotek pedagogicznych, który wykorzystał różnorodne źródła – opracowania teoretyczne, wyniki badań, opisy dobrych praktyk, a przede wszystkim własne doświadczenia we współpracy ze szkołami uczestniczącymi w pilotażu nowego systemu wspomagania

rnaSeqMap: a Bioconductor package for RNA sequencing data exploration

BACKGROUND: The throughput of commercially available sequencers has recently significantly increased. It has reached the point where measuring the RNA expression by the depth of coverage has become feasible even for largest genomes. The development of software tools is constantly following the progress of biological hardware. In particular, as RNA sequencing software can be regarded genome browsers, exon junction tools and statistical tools operating on counts of reads in predefined regions. The library rnaSeqMap, freely available via Bioconductor, is an RNA sequencing software which is independent of any biological hardware platform. It is based upon standard Bioconductor infrastructure for sequencing data and includes several novel features focused on deeper understanding of coverage expression profiles and discovery of novel transcription regions. RESULTS: rnaSeqMap is a toolbox for analyses that may be performed with the use of gene annotations or alternatively, in an unsupervised mode, on any genomic region to find novel or non-standard transcripts. The data back-end may be a MySQL database or a set of files in standard BAM format. The processing in R can be run on a machine without any particular hardware requirements, and scales linearly with the number of genomic loci and number of samples analyzed. The main features of rnaSeqMap include coverage operations, discovering irreducible regions of high expression, significance search and splicing analyses with nucleotide granularity. CONCLUSIONS: This software may be used for a range of applications related to RNA sequencing by building customized analysis pipelines. The applicability and precision is expected to increase in parallel with the progress of the genome coverage in sequencers

Bez chęci podróże – tułaczka jako motor pracy mitotwórczej w działalności Zoriana Dołęgi Chodakowskiego

Zorian Dołęga Chodakowski (born as Adam Czarnocki, 1784–1825) is mainly known as a collector of Slavic antiquities and the author of O Sławiańszczyźnie przed chrześcijaństwem [On the Slavic Lands before Christianity], a work marking the need to study the peasants in order to extract from their culture the relics of ancient ‘Slavicness’. The first descriptions of the researcher clearly emphasized the aspect of his frequent personal and scientific travels. This wandering way of living was interpreted as an experience constituting a unique personality type of a rebellious romantic, which significantly influenced the further reception of Chodakowski’s work. Through the analysis of the construction of these biographies and selected texts of the researcher, the author presents the elements that may have contributed to the creation of the image of Chodakowski as a romantic wanderer.Zorian Dołęga Chodakowski (wcześniej: Adam Czarnocki, 1784–1825) znany jest polskiej nauce jako zbieracz słowiańskich starożytności i autor O Sławiańszczyźnie przed chrześcijaństwem, tekstu zaznaczającego potrzebę pochylenia się nad warstwą chłopską w celu wydobycia z jej wytworów pozostałości dawnej „sławiańskości”. W pierwszych relacjach o badaczu wyraźnie podkreślany jest wątek częstych przeprowadzek i naukowych eskapad Chodakowskiego – ów tułaczy tryb życia został zinterpretowany jako doświadczenie konstytuujące specyficzny typ osobowościowy niepokornego romantyka, co znacznie zaważyło na dalszej recepcji jego działalności. Poprzez analizę konstrukcji owych biografii oraz wybranych tekstów badacza, autorka ukazuje elementy, które mogły przyczynić się do stworzenia obrazu Chodakowskiego jako romantycznego tułacza-indywidualisty