Validity and Reliability of questionnaires measuring attitudes to oral health : a review of the literature

The instruments used to assess attitudes to oral health must be validated in order for their results to be reliable and comparable with other variables. The aim of this review was to analyze the ability of self-administered questionnaires to validly and

Redes de nueva generación

Es un trabajo que involucra el diseño e implementación de una red de nueva generación, la cual soporta servicios como: IPTV, PBX, VLANs, soportados por protocolos tales como: MPLS, RTP, IPv4 e IPv6.This work involves the design and implementation of a new generation network, which supports services such as: IPTV, PBX, VLANs, supported by protocols such as: MPLS, RTP, IPv4 and IPv6

Quantitative cervical vertebral maturation assessment with the use of Cone-Beam computed tomography

Objetivo: Evaluar un método cuantitativo de maduración ósea en vértebras cervicales en 14 tomografías computarizadas Cone Beam de niños de 9 a 15 años de edad obtenidas del archivo de la Clínica de Imagenología de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor San Marcos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y transversal. La muestra fue por conveniencia de 14 tomografías de niños (siete del sexo masculino), éstas fueron imágenes clínicamente justificadas, tomadas previamente con el equipo Picasso Master 3D – FOV 20x15 y procesadas con el software EzImplant; se posicionó la cabeza teniendo como referencia el plano de Frankfort y se realizaron los cortes. Se empleó un método cuantitativo que estableció cuatro estadios de maduración de manera objetiva mediante una ecuación que empleó tres mediciones en las vértebras C2, C3 y C4. Resultados: El mayor porcentaje de niños se encontró en el periodo de desaceleración. En el periodo de alta velocidad, se halló los valores más altos para el sexo femenino con una edad promedio de 11 años. Conclusiones: El método cuantitativo descrito fue sencillo, práctico y aplicable a través de la tomografía computarizada Cone Beam mostrando buenos resultados.Objective: To evaluate a quantitative method of bone maturation in cervical vertebrae in 14 Cone Beam computed tomographies of children aged 9 to 15 years old obtained from the archive of the Radiologic Service of the School of Dentistry at the National University of San Marcos. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive and transversal study was carried out. The sample was for convenience of 14 tomographies of children (seven male), these were clinically justified images, previously taken with the Picasso Master 3D - FOV 20x15 and processed with the EzImplant software; the head was positioned with reference to the Frankfort plane and the cuts were made. We used a quantitative method that established four stages of maturation in an objective way by means of an equation that used three measurements in the vertebrae C2, C3 and C4. Results: The highest percentage of children was found in the deceleration period. In the high-speed period, the highest values were found for the female sex with an average age of 11 years. Conclusions: The quantitative method described was simple, practical and applicable through Cone Beam computed tomography showing good results

Síndrome do X frágil e outras patologias associadas ao gene FMR1

Fragile X syndrome is the most common cause of X-linked psychomotor retardation in children, with a prevalence of 1 : 5.000 in males and 1 : 4.000 - 8.000 in females. It is also the hereditary cause most associated with autism spectrum syndrome. The etiological basis of this pathology is the expansion of the cgg triplet at the distal end of the fmr1 gene, which causes its silencing. Patients affected with this syndrome usually suffer from behavioral, neurological, cardiac and orthopedic problems. This syndrome is also related to Fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency, and Fragile X-associated tremor and ataxia syndrome affecting the mother and maternal grandfather, which, because of their recent description, may be unknown to health care providers, delaying their diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this article is to analyze these diseases, in order to describe the current knowledge about their etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. This was done by collecting articles in Pubmed, with some contributions from Scielo, Redalyc, Europe PMC, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Genetics Home Reference databases. Among the main conclusions, it is highlighted that the phenotypes associated with FMR1 gene premutation involve different pathophysiological mechanisms to Fragile X syndrome, despite being closely related.El síndrome X frágil es la causa más frecuente de retraso psicomotor vinculado a cromosoma X en niños, con una prevalencia de 1 : 5.000 en hombres y 1 : 4.000 - 8.000 en mujeres. Además, es la causa hereditaria más asociada al síndrome del espectro autista. Esta patología posee como base etiológica la expansión del triplete CGG en el extremo distal del gen FMR1, lo que causa el silenciamiento del mismo. Los pacientes afectados con este síndrome suelen padecer de problemas conductuales, neurológicos, cardíacos y ortopédicos. Este también se relaciona con la Insuficiencia Ovárica Primaria asociada al X frágil, y el Síndrome de Temblor y Ataxia asociado al X frágil, que afectan a la madre y al abuelo materno, respectivamente. El objetivo de este artículo es aportar al conocimiento sobre estas enfermedades, permitiendo una mejor comprensión de su etiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Esto se hizo mediante la recopilación de artículos en Pubmed, con algunas contribuciones de las bases de datos Scielo, Redalyc, Europe PMC, Science Direct, Google Académico y Genetics Home Reference. Entre las conclusiones principales se encuentra que a pesar de estar relacionados, los fenotipos asociados a aumento del triplete CGG del gen FMR1 contemplan mecanismos etiológicos distintos.A síndrome do X frágil é a causa mais comum de retardo psicomotor ligado ao cromossomo X em crianças, com prevalência de 1 : 5.000 em homens e 1 : 4.000 a 8.000 em mulheres. Além disso, é a causa mais hereditária associada à síndrome do espectro do autismo. Essa patologia tem como base etiológica a expansão do trigêmeo cgg na extremidade distal do gene fmr1, o que causa seu silenciamento. Pacientes com essa síndrome geralmente sofrem de problemas comportamentais, neurológicos, cardíacos e ortopédicos. Essa síndrome também está relacionada à insuficiência ovariana primária associada ao X frágil, à síndrome do tremor e à ataxia associada ao X frágil, que acometem a mãe e o avô materno, e que, devido à sua descrição recente, poderiam ser desconhecidas pelos profissionais de saúde, o que atrasa seu diagnóstico e tratamento. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar essas doenças, a fim de descrever o conhecimento atual sobre sua etiologia, manifestações clínicas, diagnóstico e tratamento. Isso foi feito através da recopilação de artigos no Pubmed, com algumas contribuições das bases de dados Scielo, Redalyc, Europe pmc, Science Direct, Google Academic e Genetics Home Reference. Dentre as principais conclusões, destaca-se que os fenótipos associados à premutação do gene fmr1 incluem outros mecanismos fisiopatológicos além da síndrome do X frágil, apesar de eles estarem intimamente relacionados

Collaborative working environment: intranet 2.0 of the Department of Health of the Government of Andalusia

The Department of Health of the Government of Andalusia provides professionals of the Andalusian Public Health Care System  a collaborative working environment (Entorno colaborativo de trabajo  [ECT]) based on the principles of web 2.0. The ECT is organized into communities, understood as sets of people with a common interest who share a space with its own information and collaboration tools. This space is managed and powered autonomously by the communities themselves. This paper analyzes the use and degree of implementation of the ECT, considering the user communities and activity statistics in 2009 and 2010. From the data obtained we deduce that instrumental services have easier acceptance than collaboration and knowledge management services; content generation is focused on a small number of users; and communities associated with organizational units have less development than those associated with work areas or projects

Mouthwashes with CPC Reduce the Infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 Variants In Vitro

Oral mouthwashes decrease the infectivity of several respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2. However, the precise agents with antiviral activity in these oral rinses and their exact mechanism of action remain unknown. Here we show that cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), a quaternary ammonium compound in many oral mouthwashes, reduces SARS-CoV-2 infectivity by inhibiting the viral fusion step with target cells after disrupting the integrity of the viral envelope. We also found that CPC-containing mouth rinses decreased more than a thousand times the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, while the corresponding vehicles had no effect. This activity was effective for different SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the B.1.1.7 or Alpha variant originally identified in United Kingdom, and in the presence of sterilized saliva. CPC-containing mouth rinses could therefore represent a cost-effective measure to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in saliva, aiding to reduce viral transmission from infected individuals regardless of the variants they are infected with.This research was funded by Dentaid SL. The authors also acknowledge the crowdfunding initiative #Yomecorono. N. I-U. is supported by grant PID2020-117145RB-I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. E. Pradenas was supported by a doctoral grant from the National Agency for Research and Development of Chile (ANID 72180406).Peer reviewe

Ayotzinapa y la crisis del estado neoliberal mexicano

¿Qué pasó en Ayotzinapa? Es la pregunta que surgió el 26 de septiembre de 2014, que no encuentra una respuesta satisfactoria pese a la intervención de actores de distintas instancias, niveles y nacionalidades, y al esbozo de múltiples hipótesis sobre los enfrentamientos registrados en Iguala, Guerrero, que derivaron en la muerte de varias personas y la desaparición de 43 estudiantes de la Normal Rural “Isidro Burgos”, en una tragedia que evidenció la crisis que atraviesa el estado mexicano y que afecta a todo el país. A partir de lo acontecido en Ayotzinapa y con base en la teoría general de los campos de Pierre Bourdieu y su propuesta de análisis teórico metodológico sobre el estado, en esta obra se realiza un análisis de la práctica sistemática y generalizada de las desapariciones forzadas en México, con el fin de ofrecer otra manera de comprender el entretejido político–económico–social que hace posible este grave fenómeno, que desgarra tanto a familias como a la comunidad. La herida abierta por Ayotzinapa sangra y el objetivo último de este libro es contribuir a evitar que se cierre en tanto no se responda la interrogante de qué pasó ahí y que crímenes de lesa humanidad como este sigan aconteciendo en México.ITESO, A.C

Implementación Multi-FPGA de modelos articiales del cerebro

Proyecto de investigación (Código: 1360013) Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica. Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Extensión (VIE). Escuela de Ingeniería Electrónica, 2019A research and development project has been completed. The project has been nanced and supported by Vicerrector a de Investigaci on y Extensi on, Vicerrector a de Docencia and Escuela de Ingenier a Electr onica from Tecnológico de Costa Rica, and the Neuroscience Department at Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands This project intended to develop the base of a massive FPGA-based simulation network for biologically-meaningful brain modeling. The network is able to model di erent models of biologically-accurate arti cial neural networks. An accessible Web-based platform provides access for researchers interested in using the platform for their studies Neuroscience, and related elds. The nal result of the project is a exible, scalable, Multi-FPGA board platform, accessible via a web graphic interface, including three neural models tipically used in neuroscience. The project has produced three Scopus-indexed publications. Published results show that the platform is competitive against similar platforms recently reported in the literature.Se ha concluido un proyecto de investigación y desarrollo financiado y apoyado por la Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Extensión, la Vicerrectoría de Docencia y la Escuela de Ingeniería Electrónica del Tecnológico de Costa Rica, el Departamento de Neurociencia del Centro Médico Erasmus en Rotterdam, Países Bajos. Este proyecto pretendía desarrollar una red masiva basada en FPGAs para simulaciones biológicamente significativas de modelos cerebrales. La red debía ser capaz de modelar distintos modelos de redes neuronales biológicamente precisas. Una interfaz Web proveería de acceso a investigadores en el mundo entero que quieran usar la plataforma para sus estudios en neurociencia. El resultado final incluye una plataforma flexible y escalable de varias tarjetas con sistemas FPGA, accesible vía una interfaz gráfica, y que trae ya integrados los tres modelos neuronales usados típicamente por los investigadores en neurociencia. El proyecto ha producido tres publicaciones indexadas Scopus. Los resultados publicados muestras que la plataforma es competitiva cuando se compara con plataformas similares recientemente reportadas en la literatura

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group