Acquisition du lieu d’articulation en langue des signes québécoise chez trois enfants sourds : étude de cas

Cette étude est la première en acquisition du lieu d’articulation en langue des signes québécoise (LSQ). Il existe peu de recherches sur le sujet en langues signées : Frishberg 1975 ainsi que Siedlecki et Bonvillian 1993 pour la langue des signes américaine, et Takkinen 1994 pour la langue des signes finlandaise. Notre objectif est d’observer les manifestations de la maturation linguistique de trois garçons sourds profonds de naissance enregistrés à un an d’intervalle (à trois et à quatre ans). Les lieux d’articulation de 3 386 signes ont été divisés en classes, et nous tenterons d’expliquer les lieux les moins réussis par des contraintes perceptuelles, articulatoires ou linguistiques.This study concerns the acquisition of place of articulation in the phonology of Quebec Sign Language (LSQ). Only a few studies deal with the acquisition of this aspect of structure in sign language (among them are Frishberg 1975 and Siedlecki and Bonvillian 1993 for American Sign Language, and Takkinen 1994 for Finnish Sign Language), but no such studies have appeared to date for LSQ. Our aim is to observe linguistic maturation in the production of three boys, profoundly deaf since birth, recorded at an interval of one year (at three and then four years of age). The 3,386 signs in the corpus were classified for place of articulation and error category in order to account for the phenomena observed in this study. We will look at the places of articulation that children reproduce least successfully at three and four years of age and will attempt to explain them in terms of articulatory, perceptual and linguistic constraints affecting the production of each type of sign

Early life exposure to broccoli sprouts confers stronger protection against enterocolitis development in an immunological mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a presentation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that manifests in childhood and adolescence and involves chronic and severe enterocolitis, immune and gut microbial dysregulation, and other complications. Diet and gut-microbiota-produced metabolites are sources of anti-inflammatories that could ameliorate symptoms. However, questions remain on how IBD influences biogeographic patterns of microbial location and function in the gut, how early life transitional gut communities are affected by IBD and diet interventions, and how disruption to biogeography alters disease mediation by diet components or microbial metabolites. Many studies on diet and IBD use a chemically induced ulcerative colitis model, despite the availability of an immune-modulated CD model. Interleukin-10-knockout (IL-10-KO) mice on a C57BL/6 background, beginning at age 4 or 7 weeks, were fed a control diet or one containing 10% (wt/wt) raw broccoli sprouts, which was high in the sprout-sourced anti-inflammatory sulforaphane. Diets began 7 days prior to, and for 2 weeks after inoculation with Helicobacter hepaticus, which triggers Crohn’s-like symptoms in these immune-impaired mice. The broccoli sprout diet increased sulforaphane in plasma; decreased weight stagnation, fecal blood, and diarrhea associated; and increased microbiota richness in the gut, especially in younger mice. Sprout diets resulted in some anatomically specific bacteria in younger mice and reduced the prevalence and abundance of pathobiont bacteria which trigger inflammation in the IL-10-KO mouse, for example, Escherichia coli and Helicobacter. Overall, the IL-10-KO mouse model is responsive to a raw broccoli sprout diet and represents an opportunity for more diet-host-microbiome research

Defining the mode, energetics and specificity with which a macrocyclic hexaoxazole binds to human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA

Oxazole-containing macrocycles represent a promising class of anticancer agents that target G-quadruplex DNA. We report the results of spectroscopic studies aimed at defining the mode, energetics and specificity with which a hexaoxazole-containing macrocycle (HXDV) binds to the intramolecular quadruplex formed by the human telomeric DNA model oligonucleotide d(T2AG3)4 in the presence of potassium ions. HXDV binds solely to the quadruplex nucleic acid form, but not to the duplex or triplex form. HXDV binds d(T2AG3)4 with a stoichiometry of two drug molecules per quadruplex, with these binding reactions being coupled to the destacking of adenine residues from the terminal G-tetrads. HXDV binding to d(T2AG3)4 does not alter the length of the quadruplex. These collective observations are indicative of a nonintercalative ‘terminal capping’ mode of interaction in which one HXDV molecule binds to each end of the quadruplex. The binding of HXDV to d(T2AG3)4 is entropy driven, with this entropic driving force reflecting contributions from favorable drug-induced alterations in the configurational entropy of the host quadruplex as well as in net hydration. The ‘terminal capping’ mode of binding revealed by our studies may prove to be a general feature of the interactions between oxazole-containing macrocyclic ligands (including telomestatin) and intramolecular DNA quadruplexes

Metabolic changes in concussed American football players during the acute and chronic post-injury phases

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Despite negative neuroimaging findings many athletes display neurophysiological alterations and post-concussion symptoms that may be attributable to neurometabolic alterations.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The present study investigated the effects of sports concussion on brain metabolism using ¹H-MR Spectroscopy by comparing a group of 10 non-concussed athletes with a group of 10 concussed athletes of the same age (mean: 22.5 years) and education (mean: 16 years) within both the acute and chronic post-injury phases. All athletes were scanned 1-6 days post-concussion and again 6-months later in a 3T Siemens MRI.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Concussed athletes demonstrated neurometabolic impairment in prefrontal and motor (M1) cortices in the acute phase where NAA:Cr levels remained depressed relative to controls. There was some recovery observed in the chronic phase where Glu:Cr levels returned to those of control athletes; however, there was a pathological increase of m-I:Cr levels in M1 that was only present in the chronic phase.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results confirm cortical neurometabolic changes in the acute post-concussion phase as well as recovery and continued metabolic abnormalities in the chronic phase. The results indicate that complex pathophysiological processes differ depending on the post-injury phase and the neurometabolite in question.</p

Périlleuses traversées en canot à glace sur le fleuve Saint-Laurent

Après avoir étudié la traversée du fleuve Saint-Laurent en canot à glace dans la région de Québec, la Société québécoise d’ethnologie a entrepris une vaste recherche visant à identifier les autres endroits où des embarcations semblables ont été utilisées pour se déplacer sur le fleuve en hiver. Cet article démontre qu’en amont de Québec, les traversées en canot d’une rive à l’autre du fleuve à travers les glaces ont fait partie de la vie de plusieurs communautés implantées le long du Saint-Laurent, tandis qu’en aval de Québec, les insulaires étaient les principaux utilisateurs de ce moyen de transport.After having documented canoe crossings in the ice on the Saint Lawrence River, the Société québécoise d’ethnologie embarked on a vast research project in order to identify other locations where similar vessels were used to navigate the river in winter. This article shows how upstream from Québec City, crossing the icy river in canoes was part of a way of life for people living in many communities along the Saint Lawrence, while in the lower part of the river, island dwellers were the main users of this means of transportation

Favoriser le développement de l’habitation communautaire pour les aînés en milieu rural québécois : Le rôle des intervenants sociaux et en action collective

L’enjeu de l’habitation en ruralité est démontré eu égard aux besoins des aînés qui souhaitent y vieillir. Pour ceux disposant de revenus modestes, les choix et l’accès à une habitation adaptée et abordable sont restreints. Nos observations sur le rôle des intervenants en action collective dans le développement d’habitations sont issues de projets de recherche menés depuis 2008 dans les Municipalités amies des aînés. En réponse aux enjeux actuels de la ruralité en habitation pour aînés, deux modèles d’habitations communautaires viables en ruralité sont présentés en lien avec le rôle des intervenants sociaux et en action collective.The challenge of rural housing for seniors is recognized in light of their needs and their desire to age in their own community. For low-income seniors, access to affordable and adapted housing is a crucial issue. Our observations on the role of social actors who intervene in the community regarding housing development stem from research projects led in Age-Friendly municipalities since 2008. In answer to the current issues related to senior housing in rural areas, two sustainable community-based models are presented with regard to the role of social and community interveners in collective action

Campylobacter pylori Detection in Gastric Mucosa: Association with Gastritis

ln order to evaluate the association between Camphlobacter pylori and gastritis, two biopsies were taken from the duodenal bulb, antrum, body and fundus (and from lesions if there were any) in 100 consecutive patients referred to this gastroscopic clinic For each site, one biopsy was for histology and C pylon detection by Warthin-Starry staining, and the second biopsy was for culture. In addition, for each patient a gastric brushing was Gram stained. Twenty-one patients were excluded from the study. Among the remaining, 13 patients had positive biopsy culture for C pylori and, of these, 30 (91%) had gastritis (including 23 with active chronic gastritis). This culture sensitivity increased with the number of biopsies. Forty-two patients had a positive brushing specimen, of which 30 (71%) had gastritis. Gram stain on a brushing specimen had a sensitivity of 84.8%, in comparison with the biopsy culture. Of the 23 patients with positive Warthin-Starry stain , 19(83%) had an histology of gastritis. There was a strong correlation between the presence of C pylori in the stomach mucosa and the gastritis. The incidence of C pylori associated gastritis is similar in Quebec to other parts of the world. The biopsy culture is a simple and specific test, and at least two biopsies are necessary for a good sensitivity. Gram stain on a brushing specimen is an adequate test for rapid detection of C pylori in the stomach