236 research outputs found
Stars and brown dwarfs in the sigma Orionis cluster. III. OSIRIS/GTC low-resolution spectroscopy of variable sources
Context. Although many studies have been performed so far, there are still
dozens of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the young sigma Orionis open
cluster without detailed spectroscopic characterisation. Aims. We look for
unknown strong accretors and disc hosts that were undetected in previous
surveys. Methods. We collected low-resolution spectroscopy (R ~ 700) of ten
low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in sigma Orionis with OSIRIS at the Gran
Telescopio Canarias under very poor weather conditions. These objects display
variability in the optical, infrared, Halpha, and/or X-rays on time scales of
hours to years. We complemented our spectra with optical and near-/mid-infrared
photometry. Results. For seven targets, we detected lithium in absorption,
identified Halpha, the calcium doublet, and forbidden lines in emission, and/or
determined spectral types for the first time. We characterise in detail a
faint, T Tauri-like brown dwarf with an 18 h-period variability in the optical
and a large Halpha equivalent width of -125+/-15 AA, as well as two M1-type,
X-ray-flaring, low-mass stars, one with a warm disc and forbidden emission
lines, the other with a previously unknown cold disc with a large inner hole.
Conclusions. New unrevealed strong accretors and disc hosts, even below the
substellar limit, await discovery among the list of known sigma Orionis stars
and brown dwarfs that are variable in the optical and have no detailed
spectroscopic characterisation yet.Comment: A&A, in press (accepted for publication in section 14. Catalogs and
data of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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Precipitation regime change in Western North America: The role of Atmospheric Rivers.
Daily precipitation in California has been projected to become less frequent even as precipitation extremes intensify, leading to uncertainty in the overall response to climate warming. Precipitation extremes are historically associated with Atmospheric Rivers (ARs). Sixteen global climate models are evaluated for realism in modeled historical AR behavior and contribution of the resulting daily precipitation to annual total precipitation over Western North America. The five most realistic models display consistent changes in future AR behavior, constraining the spread of the full ensemble. They, moreover, project increasing year-to-year variability of total annual precipitation, particularly over California, where change in total annual precipitation is not projected with confidence. Focusing on three representative river basins along the West Coast, we show that, while the decrease in precipitation frequency is mostly due to non-AR events, the increase in heavy and extreme precipitation is almost entirely due to ARs. This research demonstrates that examining meteorological causes of precipitation regime change can lead to better and more nuanced understanding of climate projections. It highlights the critical role of future changes in ARs to Western water resources, especially over California
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Rapid Orbital Decay in the 12.75-Minute Binary White Dwarf J0651+2844
We report the detection of orbital decay in the 12.75-minute, detached binary white dwarf (WD) SDSS J065133.338+284423.37 (hereafter J0651). Our photometric observations over a 13 month baseline constrain the orbital period to 765.206543(55) s and indicate that the orbit is decreasing at a rate of (-9.8 +/- 2.8) x 10(-12) s s(-1) (or -0.31 +/- 0.09 ms yr(-1)). We revise the system parameters based on our new photometric and spectroscopic observations: J0651 contains two WDs with M-1 = 0.26 +/- 0.04 M-circle dot and M-2 = 0.50 +/- 0.04 M-circle dot. General relativity predicts orbital decay due to gravitational wave radiation of (-8.2 +/- 1.7) x 10(-12) s s(-1) (or -0.26 +/- 0.05 ms yr(-1)). Our observed rate of orbital decay is consistent with this expectation. J0651 is currently the second-loudest gravitational wave source known in the milli-Hertz range and the loudest non-interacting binary, which makes it an excellent verification source for future missions aimed at directly detecting gravitational waves. Our work establishes the feasibility of monitoring this system's orbital period decay at optical wavelengths.NSF AST-0909107, AST-1008734Norman Hackerman Advanced Research Program 003658-0252-2009Astronom
Stars and brown dwarfs in the sigma Orionis cluster IV. IDS/INT and OSIRIS/GTC spectroscopy and Gaia DR2 astrometry
Context. Only a few open clusters are as important for the study of stellar and substellar objects, and their formation and evolution, as the young Ï Orionis cluster. However, a complete spectroscopic characterisation of its whole stellar population is still missing.
Aims. We filled most of that gap with a large spectroscopic and astrometric survey of targets towards Ï Orionis. Eventually, it will be one of the open clusters with the lowest proportion of interlopers and the largest proportion of confirmed cluster members with known uncontrovertible youth features.
Methods. We acquired 317 low-resolution optical spectra with the Intermediate Dispersion Spectrograph (IDS) at the 2.5 m Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) and the Optical System for Imaging and low Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy (OSIRIS) at the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). We measured equivalent widths of Li i, Hα, and other key lines from these spectra, and determined spectral types. We complemented this information with Gaia DR2 astrometric data and other features of youth (mid-infrared excess, X-ray emission) compiled with Virtual Observatory tools and from the literature.
Results. Of the 168 observed targets, we determined for the first time spectral types of 39 stars and equivalent widths of Li i and Hα of 34 and 12 stars, respectively. We identified 11 close (Ï </â 3 arcsec) binaries resolved by Gaia, of which three are new, 14 strong accretors, of which four are new and another four have Hα emission shifted by over 120 km s^(â1) , two juvenile star candidates in the sparse population of the Ori OB1b association, and one spectroscopic binary candidate. Remarkably, we found 51 non-clustermembers, 35 of which were previously considered as Ï Orionis members and taken into account in high-impact works on, for example, disc frequency and initial mass function
Optical identification of the binary companion to the millisecond PSR J2302+4442 with the Gran Telescopio Canarias
We report detection of the binary companion to the millisecond pulsar
J2302+4442 based on the deep observations performed with the Gran Telescopio
Canarias. The observations revealed an optical source with =
23.330.02 and =23.080.02, whose position coincides with the
pulsar radio position. By comparing the source colour and magnitudes with the
white dwarf cooling predictions, we found that it likely represents a He or
CO-core white dwarf and estimated its mass of 0.52
M and effective temperature of 6300 K. Combining our
results with the radio timing measurements, we set constraints on the binary
system inclination angle degrees and the pulsar mass
M.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA
Environment of the submillimeter-bright massive starburst HFLS3 at 6.34
We describe the search for Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) near the
sub-millimeter bright starburst galaxy HFLS3 at 6.34 and a study on the
environment of this massive galaxy during the end of reionization.We performed
two independent selections of LBGs on images obtained with the \textit{Gran
Telescopio Canarias} (GTC) and the \textit{Hubble Space Telescope} (HST) by
combining non-detections in bands blueward of the Lyman-break and color
selection. A total of 10 objects fulfilling the LBG selection criteria at
5.5 were selected over the 4.54 and 55.5 arcmin covered by our HST
and GTC images, respectively. The photometric redshift, UV luminosity, and the
star-formation rate of these sources were estimated with models of their
spectral energy distribution. These 6 candidates have physical
properties and number densities in agreement with previous results. The UV
luminosity function at 6 and a Voronoi tessellation analysis of this
field shows no strong evidence for an overdensity of relatively bright objects
(m25.9) associated with \textit{HFLS3}. However, the over-density
parameter deduced from this field and the surface density of objects can not
excluded definitively the LBG over-density hypothesis. Moreover we identified
three faint objects at less than three arcseconds from \textit{HFLS3} with
color consistent with those expected for 6 galaxies. Deeper data are
needed to confirm their redshifts and to study their association with
\textit{HFLS3} and the galaxy merger that may be responsible for the massive
starburst.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
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