Analyse de formules employées par le gouvernement et de leurs stratégies de cadrage sous-jacentes pendant le printemps érable québécois de 2012

Notre recherche porte sur la stratégie discursive du gouvernement pendant le printemps érable québécois de 2012, particulièrement sur les formules qu’il a employées afin d’influencer l’opinion publique. Au moyen d’une analyse de contenu de 100 articles de cinq quotidiens québécois, nous avons étudié 152 formules au regard de leur distribution dans le temps, des entités qu’elles ont ciblées, des locuteurs les ayant employées et des stratégies de cadrage qu’elles sous-entendent. L’analyse révèle plusieurs aspects, notamment la présence de multiples locuteurs et de cibles s’inscrivant dans la stratégie discursive. Le discours et les formules employées ont cherché à délégitimer les étudiants, mais aussi à cadrer l’image du gouvernement lui-même et celle de ses adversaires politiques. Le concept de formule permet de produire des unités d’analyse pouvant être étudiées empiriquement au regard du cadrage et de diversifier les recherches menées sur l’événement sociodiscursif qu’est le printemps érable.Our research focuses on the government’s discursive strategy during the 2012 Maple Spring in Quebec, particularly on the formulas used to influence public opinion. Through a content analysis of 100 articles from five Quebec newspapers, we studied 152 formulas with regard to their distribution in time, the entities they targeted, the speakers who used them, and the framing strategies they conveyed. The analysis revealed several aspects, including the presence of multiple speakers and targets as part of the discursive strategy. The discourse and the formulas that were used sought to delegitimize the students, but also to frame the image of the government itself, and that of its political opponents. Eventually, the concept of formula allowed us to produce units of analysis that could be studied empirically with regard to framing, and to contribute to the analysis of the Maple Spring as a socio-discursive event

The impact of Housing First on criminal justice outcomes among homeless people with mental illness : a systematic review.

Objective: Housing First is increasingly put forward as an important component of a pragmatic plan to end homelessness. The literature evaluating the impact of Housing First on criminal justice involvement has not yet been systematically examined. The objective of this systematic review is to examine the impact of Housing First on criminal justice outcomes among homeless people with mental illness. Method: Five electronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science) were searched up until July 2018 for randomised and nonrandomised studies of Housing First among homeless people with a serious mental disorder. Results: Five studies were included for a total of 7128 participants. Two studies from a randomised controlled trial found no effect of Housing First on arrests compared to treatment as usual. Other studies compared Housing First to other programs or compared configurations of HF and found reductions in criminal justice involvement among Housing First participants. Conclusions: This systematic review suggests that Housing First, on average, has little impact on criminal justice involvement. Community services such as Housing First are potentially an important setting to put in place strategies to reduce criminal justice involvement. However, forensic mental health approaches such as risk assessment and management strategies and interventions may need to be integrated into existing services to better address potential underlying individual criminogenic risk factors. Further outcome assessment studies would be necessary

Cross-checking to reduce adverse events resulting from medical errors in the emergency department: study protocol of the CHARMED cluster randomized study

International audienceBackgroundMedical errors and preventable adverse events are a major cause of concern, especially in the emergency department (ED) where its prevalence has been reported to be roughly of 5–10 % of visits. Due to a short length of stay, emergency patients are often managed by a sole physician – in contrast with other specialties where they can benefit from multiples handover, ward rounds and staff meetings. As some studies report that the rate and severity of errors may decrease when there is more than one physician involved in the management in different settings, we sought to assess the impact of regular systematic cross-checkings between physicians in the ED.DesignThe CHARMED (Cross-checking to reduce adverse events resulting from medical errors in the emergency department) study is a multicenter cluster randomized study that aim to evaluate the reduction of the rate of severe medical errors with implementation of systematic cross checkings between emergency physician, compared to a control period with usual care. This study will evaluate the effect of this intervention on the rate of severe medical errors (i.e. preventable adverse events or near miss) using a previously described two-level chart abstraction. We made the hypothesis that implementing frequent and systematic cross checking will reduce the rate of severe medical errors from 10 to 6 % - 1584 patients will be included, 140 for each period in each center.DiscussionThe CHARMED study will be the largest study that analyse unselected ED charts for medical errors. This could provide evidence that frequent systematic cross-checking will reduce the incidence of severe medical errors

Risk perception and risk-taking among skateboarders

International audienceSkateboarding is considered to be a high risk activity. Although many studies have identified risk factors associated with skateboarding injuries, few have provided detailed in-depth knowledge on participants' psychological dispositions towards risk behaviors. The aim of this study was to identify individual factors associated with risk perception and risk-taking among skateboarders. Telephone interviews were conducted with 158 skateboarders (mean age = 18.1 years) recruited in 11 Montreal skateparks. Age, self-efficacy, previous injuries, fear of being injured, sensation seeking and experience level were all included in two linear regression models that were run for risk perception and risk-taking. Age, experience level, sensation seeking, and risk perception are significant explanatory variables of risk-taking. Results show that sensation seeking was the only significant factor associated with risk perception. These results allow for a better understanding of the behavior of skateboarders, they highlight the importance of impulsive sensation seeking in risk perception as well as risk-taking. This study characterizes skateboarders who take risks and provides additional information on interventions for injury prevention

Ketamine kinetics in unmedicated and diazepam‐premedicated subjects

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109775/1/cptclpt1984235.pd

LILAC pilot study : effects of metformin on mTOR activation and HIV reservoir persistence during antiretroviral therapy

Background: Chronic inflammation and residual HIV transcription persist in people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), thus increasing the risk of developing non-AIDS co-morbidities. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of cellular metabolism and HIV transcription, and therefore represents an interesting novel therapeutic target. Methods: The LILAC pilot clinical trial, performed on non-diabetic ART-treated PLWH with CD4+ /CD8+ T-cell ratios <0.8, evaluated the effects of metformin (12 weeks oral administration; 500-850 mg twice daily), an indirect mTOR inhibitor, on the dynamics of immunological/virological markers and changes in mTOR activation/phosphorylation in blood collected at Baseline, Week 12, and 12 weeks after metformin discontinuation (Week 24) and sigmoid colon biopsies (SCB) collected at Baseline and Week 12. Findings: CD4+ T-cell counts, CD4+ /CD8+ T-cell ratios, plasma markers of inflammation/gut damage, as well as levels of cell-associated integrated HIV-DNA and HIV-RNA, and transcriptionally-inducible HIV reservoirs, underwent minor variations in the blood in response to metformin. The highest levels of mTOR activation/ phosphorylation were observed in SCB at Baseline. Consistently, metformin significantly decreased CD4+ Tcell infiltration in the colon, as well as mTOR activation/phosphorylation, especially in CD4+ T-cells expressing the Th17 marker CCR6. Also, metformin decreased the HIV-RNA/HIV-DNA ratios, a surrogate marker of viral transcription, in colon-infiltrating CD4+ T-cells of 8/13 participants

Sex-Specific Associations of Blood-Based Nutrient Profiling With Body Composition in the Elderly

The intake of adequate amounts and types of nutrients is key for sustaining health and a good quality of life, particularly in the elderly population. There is considerable evidence suggesting that physiological changes related to age and sex modify nutritional needs, and this may be related to age-associated changes in body composition (BC), specifically in lean and fat body mass. However, there is a clear lack of understanding about the association of nutrients in blood and BC parameters in the elderly. This study investigated the relationships among blood nutrients (amino acids, fatty acids, major elements, trace-elements, and vitamins), BC and nutrient intake in a population of 176 healthy male and female Italian adults between the ages of 65 and 79 years. 89 blood markers, 77 BC parameters and dietary intake were evaluated. Multivariate data analysis was applied to infer relationships between datasets. As expected, the major variability between BC and the blood nutrient profile (BNP) observed was related to sex. Aside from clear sex-specific differences in BC, female subjects had higher BNP levels of copper, copper-to-zinc ratio, phosphorous and holotranscobalamin II and lower concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and proline. Fat mass, percentage of fat mass, percentage of lean mass and the skeletal muscle index (SMI) correlated the most with BNP in both sexes. Our data showed positive correlations in male subjects among ethanolamine, glycine, albumin, and sulfur with SMI, while palmitoleic acid and oleic acid exhibited negative correlations. This differed in female subjects, where SMI was positively associated with albumin, folic acid and sulfur, while CRP, proline and cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid were negatively correlated. We investigated the influence of diet on the observed BNP and BC correlations. Intriguingly, most of the components of the BNP, except for folate, did not exhibit a correlation with nutrient intake data. An understanding of the physiological and biochemical processes underpinning the observed sex-specific correlations between BNP and BC could help in identifying nutritional strategies to manage BC-changes in aging. This would contribute to a deeper understanding of aging-associated nutritional needs with the aim of helping the elderly population to maintain metabolic health

« Ça va bien aller » : une scoping study des fondements théoriques liés au développement de la résilience

En 2020 et 2021, la maladie à coronavirus a amené la population mondiale à changer sa façon de vivre afin de limiter la propagation du virus. Cette nouvelle réalité a mis durement à l’épreuve la capacité d’adaptation des individus. Décrivant la capacité de la personne à faire face à l’adversité, la résilience apparaît donc comme un concept fort pertinent à approfondir dans un tel contexte de crise. Si divers programmes destinés à développer la résilience des travailleurs ont été étudiés, leur efficacité demeure néanmoins limitée. Le manque de rigueur des devis sur lesquels se fondent ces programmes de développement fait partie des hypothèses évoquées pour expliquer ces résultats modestes. Dans le but de proposer des orientations pour la planification de futures interventions destinées aux acteurs organisationnels, le présent mémoire vise à offrir de la clarté quant à la façon de conceptualiser, opérationnaliser et théoriser la résilience. À cette fin, une scoping study a été réalisée afin de fournir une synthèse critique des théories appuyées par des études sur le développement de la résilience. À la lumière des résultats obtenus, deux principaux constats se dégagent. D’une part, les documents sélectionnés témoignent de la grande hétérogénéité dans la conceptualisation et l’opérationnalisation de la résilience. D’autre part, une analyse thématique des théories et des antécédents de la résilience permettent de proposer un cadre intégrateur du développement de la résilience basé sur des assises théoriques et articulé autour des niveaux écologiques des facteurs de risque et de protection