Determinar a sensibilidade e especificidade da Percepção Materna do Peso do seu descendente da fronteira norte de Tamaulipas por palavras/ imagens frente ao padrão de ouro

Objetivo: Determinar la sensibilidad y especificidad de la Percepción Materna del Peso de su descendiente de la frontera norte de Tamaulipas por palabras vs por imágenes frente al estándar de oro. Material y Método: El diseño fue de tipo descriptivo tipo transversal. Participaron 658 díadas (madre-hijo). El tamaño de muestra se determinó para estudios de pruebas diagnósticas, Se seleccionaron de forma aleatoria 8 instituciones de Matamoros, Tamaulipas, (2 Jardín de Niños, 2 Primarias, 2 Secundarias y 2 Preparatorias). Resultados: La muestra se conformó con 658 diadas de madres y sus hijos, los cuales 111 cursaban educación preescolar, 166 primaria, 242 secundaria y 139 preparatoria. La PM por palabras del peso del hijo en comparación con el estándar de oro. La prueba de Kappa señala que hay una concordancia fiable (k= 0.333, p= 0,000).El 22.15% de las madres de niños con sobre peso y obesidad no consiguieron identificar esta situación, debido a que subestimaron el peso de sus hijos. La PM por imágenes frente al estándar de oro. La prueba kappa señala que existe una concordancia fiable (k= 0.350, p= 0,000). El 31% de las madres con hijos con SP-OB no lograron identificar esta situación. Conclusiones: El presente estudio concluye que de acuerdo a la literatura sobre el tema, ha documentado que en la PM del peso corporal de sus descendientes tanto en palabras como en imágenes no lo perciben correctamente.Objective: Determinate the sensibility and specificity of the Maternal Perception of your child’s weight of the Tamaulipas North Border by words vs. images in front Gold Standard. Material and Methods: The study was descriptive transversal. Participants 658 dyads (mother-child). The sample size was determined for studies of diagnostic tests, were selected randomly eight institutions of Matamoros City, Tamaulipas, (2 Kindergarten, 2 Elementary Schools, 2 Middle Schools and 2 High schools). Results: The sample was composed of 658 dyads of mothers and their children, who 111 were enrolled in Kindergarten, 166 Elementary School, 242 Middle School and 139 High School. The MP by weight of the child’s words compared to the gold standard. Kappa test indicates that there is a reliable concordance (k = 0.333, p = 0.000) .The 22.15% of mothers of children with overweight and obesity failed to identify this situation because they underestimated the weight of their children. MP imaging compared to gold standard. The kappa test points to a reliable concordance (k = 0.350, p = 0.000). 31% of mothers of children with SP-OB failed to identify this situation. Conclusions: This study concludes that according to the literature on the subject, documented in the PM body weight of their offspring both in words and images do not perceive correctly.Objetivo: Determinar a sensibilidade e especificidade da Percepção Materna do Peso do seu descendente da Fronteira Norte de Tamaulipas por palavras VS imagens frente ao padrão de ouro. Material e Método: O desenho do estudo foi de tipo descritivo transversal. Participaram 658 díades (mãe-filho). O tamanho da amostragem determinou-se para estudos de provas diagnósticas, Selecionaram-se de forma aleatória 8 instituições de Matamoros, Tamaulipas (2 Jardim de Infância, 2 escolas de ensino fundamental, 2 secundarias e 2 colégios). Resultados: A amostragem conformou-se com 658 díades de mães e filhos, os quais 111 estavam matriculados na educação pré-escolar, 166 no ensino fundamental, 242 em secundaria e 139 no colégio. A PM por palavras do peso do filho em comparação com o padrão de ouro. A prova de Kappa marca que há uma concordância fiável (k= 0.333, p= 0,000). O 22,15% das mães das crianças com sobrepeso e obesidade não conseguiram identificar esta situação, devido a que subestimaram o peso dos seus filhos. A PM por imagens frente ao padrão de ouro. A proca Kappa marca que existe uma concordância fiável (k= 0.350, p= 0,000). O 31% das mães com filhos com SP-OB falharam na identificação desta situação. Conclusões: O presente estudo concluiu que de acordo à literatura sob o tema, tem documentado que na PM do peso corporal dos seus desendentes tanto em palavras como em imagens não o percebem correctamente

Estudio preliminar sobre la diversidad, distribución y abundancia de cetáceos en aguas profundas del Golfo de México | Cetaceans in deep water of Gulf of Mexico

El Golfo de México es uno de los cuerpos de agua más productivos del mundo a nivel ecológico y económico. A pesar que sus aguas albergan uno de los ecosistemas más espectaculares y con mayor diversidad biológica de la Tierra existe poca información al respecto. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la diversidad, distribución y abundancia de cetáceos en la región Norte del Golfo de México, comprendida entre los 22° 56’ N, 95° 51’ W y los 19° 06’ N, 95° 16’ W. El área de estudio se extiende desde la frontera con Estados Unidos de América hasta Alvarado, Veracruz. Se realizaron transectos lineales y sistemáticos a bordo de un crucero entre el 19 de febrero al 22 de abril del 2008, representando un esfuerzo total de navegación de 756 h. Se estimó la diversidad del área empleando el Índice de Diversidad de Margalef y la abundanciaabsoluta y la posición geográfica de los individuos avistados, la profundidad, la visibilidad y el estado del mar. Se avistaron 5 especies: tonina ó delfín nariz de botella (Tursiops truncatus), falsa orca (Pseudorca crassidens), delfín de dientes rugosos (Steno bredanensis), delfín moteado del atlántico (Stenella frontalis) y delfín de clymene (Stenella clymene). La diversidad de cetáceos estimada fue de 0,870, la abundancia para toda el área de estudio fue de 12084 (CV = 65,21%), la densidad fue de 0,619 cetáceos/km2 (CV = 65,21%) y la densidad de grupos fue de 0,210 cetáceos/km2 (CV = 51,71%). Los cetáceos registrados se distribuyen en profundidades que van de los 300 a los 3000 metros. Las cinco especies de mamíferos marinos avistadas representan el 18% de las especies reportadas en la zona exclusiva de los Estados Unidos del Golfo de México.Palabras clave: Diversidad, distribución, abundancia, mamíferos marinos, cetáceaos, Veracruz, Golfo de MéxicoABSTRACTThe Gulf of Mexico is one of the most productive bodies of water in the World at an ecological and economic level. Its waters harbor spectacular ecosystems, and one of the greatest biological diversity on earth, but there is a lack of information in Mexican waters. Consequently, the objective of this study was to investigate the diversity, distribution and relative abundance of marine mammals in the Northern Region of the Gulf of Mexico. The study area lies between the parallels 25° 40’ N, 95° 03’ W and 19° 06’ N, 95° 16’ W. This area was from the border with the United States down to Alvarado, Veracruz State, Mexico. An oceanographic ship was used to carry on line transects that covered the entire study area. The diversity was estimated using the Margalef Diversity Index and the abundance was estimated using the Distance Sampling methodology. The distribution was determine registering the observed animals position using a GPS, and the relative abundance was estimated by the total animals observed divided by the total search effort. Six cetacean species were observed: Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens), Risso’s dolphins (Steno bredanensis), Spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis), and unidentified species of dolphin. The estimated marine mammaldiversity was 0.870 for the entire study area according to the Margalef Index. The abundance for the entire study area was 12084 (CV = 65.21), density was 0.619 cetaceans/km2 (CV = 65.21), and group density was 0.210 cetaceans/km2 (CV = 65.21%). The observed cetaceans were found in waters depths that ranged from 300 m to 3000. The relative abundance forwas 0.12 cetacean/hr for all the study area. The five cetacean species identified represent 18% of the reported species for the U.S. waters in the Gulf of Mexico, thus, our study area is high in marine mammal diversity.Key words: Diversity, distribution, abundance, marine mammals, cetaceans, Veracruz, Gulf of Mexico

Prevalência e crenças com relação ao consumo de cigarro pela população universitária

O consumo de cigarro representa um dos principais problemas de saúde pública. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a prevalência e as crenças sobre o consumo do cigarro pela população universitária. Para tanto, empregou-se um desenho descritivo transversal. Os resultados mostraram uma prevalência de consumo no último ano de 24.3% dos participantes (alguma vez na vida o consumo foi de 46.3%). Com relação às crenças desfavoráveis (contras) ao consumo de cigarro, observa-se que uma alta porcentagem dos participantes apresentou barreiras ao consumo de cigarro. Os itens que alcançaram os índices mais altos foram aqueles relacionados com as crenças na área da saúde, como o entendimento de que o cigarro provoca câncer e afeta diretamente os pulmões e o coração.Tobacco use represents one of the major public health problems; the aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and opinions of tobacco consumption by university population; a descriptive cross-sectional design was used. The results showed a prevalence of use in the last year of 24.3 of participants, consumption once in a lifetime was 46.3%. Regarding dissenting opinions (cons) about tobacco use it is found that a high percentage of participants presents obstacles to the use of tobacco; items that reached the highest levels were in relation to opinions on health, such as tobacco causing cancer and directly affecting the lungs and heart.El consumo de tabaco representa uno de los principales problemas de salud pública, el objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y las creencias sobre el consumo del tabaco en la población universitaria, para ello se empleó un diseño descriptivo transversal. Los resultados mostraron una prevalencia de consumo en el ultimo año de 24.3% de los participantes (el consumo alguna vez en la vida fue de 46.3%). En relación a las creencias desfavorables (contras) para el consumo de tabaco, se observa que un alto porcentaje de los participantes presentó barreras para el consumo de tabaco, los ítems que más altos índices alcanzaron fueron respecto a la creencias de la salud como que el tabaco provoca cáncer y afecta directamente a los pulmones y al corazón

7th to 9th grade obese adolescents perceptions about obesity in tamaulipas, Mexico

The objective was to explore obese adolescents perceptions about obesity among students in the seventh to ninth grade of a public school in Tamaulipas, Mexico. This is a qualitative study. Participants were 24 adolescents with a body mass index equal to or greater than the 95th percentile. Semistructured interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached and the meaning was understood. The adolescents defined obesity according to standards of measurement. They identified the hereditary factor as the main obesity cause, tended to underestimate obesity and had low self-esteem. They reported problems to do physical exercise and get clothes in order to improve their image, and feel rejected by their peers in school. It was identified that these adolescents have psychological defense mechanisms against obesity and that some of them are making efforts to lose weight. Obesity entails social and psychological health implications for persons suffering from this problem. Interventions should be put in practice.El objetivo de esta investigación fue explorar las percepciones de la obesidad de adolescentes obesos estudiantes del 7º al 9º grado de una institución pública en Tamaulipas, México. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo en el cual participaron 24 adolescentes que tenían un índice de masa corporal superior al percentil 95. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas hasta obtener la saturación de los datos y la comprensión del significado. Los adolescentes definieron la obesidad de acuerdo a los estándares de medición, identificaron como causa principal el factor hereditario, tendieron a subestimar la obesidad y presentaron baja autoestima, relataron problemas cuando realizan actividad física y para conseguir ropa que pudiese mejorar su imagen, y se sienten rechazados por sus pares o iguales en la escuela. Se identificó que cuentan con mecanismos psicológicos de defensa ante la obesidad y algunos de ellos están realizando acciones para disminuir el peso. La obesidad tiene implicaciones en la salud, también en los aspectos psicológico y social de quienes la padecen. Se recomienda implementar intervenciones.O objetivo foi explorar as percepções da obesidade de adolescentes obesos, estudantes do 7º ao 9º grau de uma instituição pública de Tamaulipas, México. É estudo qualitativo, do qual participaram 24 adolescentes que tinham índice de massa corporal superior ao percentil 95. Realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada até a saturação dos dados e comprensão do significado. Os adolescentes definiram obesidade de acordo com um padrão de medição, identificaram como causa principal o fator hereditário, com tendência para subestimar a obesidade e a ter baixa autoestima, apresentan problemas quando realizam atividade física e para conseguirem roupas para melhorar a própria imagen, são rejeitados pelos seus pares ou iguais, na escola. Identificou-se, também, que possuem mecanismos psicológicos de defesa ante a obesidade e alguns deles estão realizando ações para diminuir o peso. A obesidade tem implicações na saúde, no aspecto psicológico e social de quem a padece, recomenda-se, aqui, implementar intervenções

Psychometric properties of Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire –GHQ-28– in informal primary caregivers of cancer patients

Objective. To determine the psychometric properties of Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire –GHQ-28– in a sample of Mexican primary caregivers of cancer patients. Method: Two hundred and seventy six caregivers participated in this protocol, 205 of which were women (74.3%) and 71 were men (25.7%). Participants answered the GHQ-28 and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) concurrently. Results. The internal consistency of the overall scale showed a satisfactory index (α = 0.91). The Cronbach alphas of the subscale had a value of α = .86, α = .76, explaining the 53.42% of the variance. The correlation validity by BDI showed significant outcomes (Pearson r= 0.723 - 0.427, p <0.05). Conclusions. The relevance of the outcomes is that this is a population that can show damages in the overall health throughout the process of care for cancer patients

Anti‑inflammatory drugs and uterine cervical cancer cells: Antineoplastic effect of meclofenamic acid

Uterine cervical cancer (UCC) is one of the main causes of cancer-associated mortality in women. Inflammation has been identified as an important component of this neoplasia; in this context, anti-inflammatory drugs represent possible prophylactic and/or therapeutic alternatives that require further investigation. Anti-inflammatory drugs are common and each one may exhibit a different antineoplastic effect. As a result, the present study investigated different anti-inflammatory models of UCC in vitro and in vivo. Celecoxib, sulindac, nimesulide, dexamethasone, meclofenamic acid, flufenamic acid and mefenamic acid were tested in UCC HeLa, VIPA, INBL and SiHa cell lines. The cytotoxicity of the drugs was evaluated in vitro. Celecoxib, sulindac, nimesulide, mefenamic acid and flufenamic acid presented with slight to moderate toxicity (10–40% of cell death corresponding to 100 µM) in certain cell lines, while meclofenamic acid exhibited significant cytotoxicity in all essayed cell lines (50–90% of cell death corresponding to 100 µM). The meclofenamic acid was tested in murine models (immunodeficient and immunocompetent) of UCC, which manifested a significant reduction in tumor growth and increased mouse survival. It was demonstrated that of the evaluated anti-inflammatory drugs, meclofenamic acid was the most cytotoxic, with a significant antitumor effect in murine models. Subsequent studies are necessary to evaluate the clinical utility of this drug

The Effect of Physical Activity and High Body Mass Index on Health-Related Quality of Life in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome

[EN] The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the level of physical activity (PA) and the degree of obesity with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) who participated in the Predimed-Plus study. A total of 6875 subjects between 55 and 75 years of age with MetS were selected and randomized in 23 Spanish centers. Subjects were classified according to categories of body mass index (BMI). PA was measured with the validated Registre Gironi del Cor (REGICOR) questionnaire and subjects were classified according to their PA level (light, moderate, vigorous) and the HRQoL was measured with the validated short-form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. By using the ANOVA model, we found a positive and statistically significant association between the level of PA and the HRQoL (aggregated physical and mental dimensions p < 0.001), but a negative association with higher BMI in aggregated physical dimensions p < 0.001. Furthermore, women obtained lower scores compared with men, more five points in all fields of SF-36. Therefore, it is essential to promote PA and body weight control from primary care consultations to improve HRQoL, paying special attention to the differences that sex incurs.SIThe Predimed-Plus trial was supported by the Spanish government’s official funding agency for biomedical research, ISCIII, through the Fondo de Investigación para la Salud (FIS), which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (three coordinated FIS projects led by Jordi Salas-Salvadó and Josep Vidal, including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/0147, PI14/00636, PI14/00972, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183, PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732, PI17/00926, PI19/00957, PI19/00386, PI19/00309, PI19/01032, PI19/00576, PI19/00017, PI19/01226, PI19/00781, PI19/01560, PI19/01,332), the Special Action Project entitled: Implementación y evaluación de una intervención intensiva sobre la actividad física Cohorte PREDIMED-PLUS grant to Jordi Salas-Salvadó, the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2013–2018; 340918) grant to Miguel Ángel Martínez-Gonzalez, the Recercaixa grant to Jordi Salas-Salvadó (2013ACUP00194), grants from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0458/2013; PS0358/2016; PI0137/2018), the PROMETEO/2017/017 grant from the Generalitat Valenciana, the SEMERGEN grant and FEDER funds (CB06/03 and CB12/03), Olga Castaner is funded by the JR17/00,022 grant, ISCIII. Christopher Papandreou is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship granted by the Autonomous Government of Catalonia (PERIS 2016–2020 Incorporació de Científics i Tecnòlegs, SLT002/0016/00,428). María Rosa Bernal-Lopez was supported by “Miguel Servet Type I” program (CP15/00028) from the ISCIII-Madrid (Spain), cofinanced by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER, Ignacio M.Giménez-Alba is supported by a FPU predoctoral contract (reference FPU18/01703) from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain

Soy Niña

Este libro pretende contribuir al reencuentro de la educación con esas finalidades que verdaderamente importan a una niña o un niño: ser feliz, jugar, vivir juntos y (no) aprender. Para ello hemos puesto el arte, nuestras experiencias y el saber acumulado al servicio del disfrute, el cuestionamiento, el análisis crítico y la construcción común de un presente deseable. Un texto colaborativo coordinado por Ignacio Calderón Almendros y realizado por alumnado de Educación y Cambio Social en el Grado en Educación Infantil de la Universidad de Málaga

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality