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Testing Efficacy of a Theory-Based Nutrition Education Recreation and Fitness Program Aimed at Preventing Unhealthy Weight Gain in Disadvantaged Children during Summer Months: Negative Results with Policy Implications

IMPACT. 1: zBMI (decrease) -- 2. Whole fruits and vegetables (increase); high-fat/high-sodium foods, high-added sugar foods and beverages (decrease) -- 3. Physical activity (increase); sedentary behaviors (decrease); screen time (decrease)OSU PARTNERS: College of Education and Human Ecology; Department of Human SciencesCOMMUNITY PARTNERS: Children's Hunger Alliance; Columbus City SchoolsPRIMARY CONTACT: Carolyn Gunther ([email protected]); Laura Hopkins ([email protected])Data indicate that school-aged children, particularly disadvantaged, experience unhealthy gains in BMI at a rate two to three times as fast during the summer versus academic months. Few efforts have been directed at implementing evidence-based programming to prevent this negative trend. Pilot tested in 2015, Camp NERF 2016 was a citywide scale up of an 8-week, multi-component (nutrition, physical activity (PA), and mental health) theory-based program for disadvantaged school-age children in grades K-5 coupled with the USDA Summer Food Service Program

The effects of elevated ultraviolet-B radiation on the growth and developmentof the primary leaf of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Maris Huntsman)

Seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Maris Huntsman were grown for 7 days in a controlled environment chamber (16 hour photoperiod: PAR - photosynthetically active radiation), in the presence and absence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B: 280-320nm) radiation (+30% increase on ambient). UV-B resulted in a 17% reduction in leaf length due to changes in both the rate and duration of cell division and elongation. Measurements of the spatial distribution of cell division and elongation within the primary leaf were used to determine the temporal distribution of cells (i.e. cell age). The cell age gradient allows for the comparison of direct, and indirect UV-B responses, which result from the altered growth. Direct effects of UV-B included a reduction in chloroplast and mitochondrial transverse area, and an increase in chloroplast number, which suggests that UV-B affects organelle division. The developmental changes in protein content and amino acid free pools were increased as a direct result of UV-B treatment. In contrast, increases in chlorophyll content were due to an indirect effect of UV-B via altered growth. UV-B had no effect on the developmental changes in photosynthetic capacity and efficiency, and carbohydrate status of the primary leaf The primary leaf of wheat has provided a model system in which to examine the effects of UV-B on leaf development. This study highlights the need to consider cell age when determining the response of plants to UV-B

Linguistically Responsive Teaching in pre-service teacher education: A review of the literature through the lens of cultural-historical activity theory

This article presents an integrated systematic review of scholarship related to preparing preservice teachers (PSTs) to teach multilingual learners in U.S. schools. We drew from cultural-historical activity theory to investigate how teacher educators who focus on preparing PSTs to work with multilingual students attended to the linguistically responsive teaching (LRT) framework. We identified three distinct activity systems, each linked to specific LRT dimensions. The ways in which the components of each activity system integrated LRT have implications for both theory and practice. Specifically, our findings highlight the need for program-wide coherence in teacher preparation and for comparative analysis examining teacher education across diverse policy contexts

Enhancing antimicrobial surveillance in hospitals in England: a RAND-modified Delphi

Background: Optimizing antimicrobial use (AMU) is key to reducing antimicrobial-resistant infections, but current AMU monitoring in hospital provides limited insights for quality improvement. Objectives: To understand stakeholders’ priorities for developing national AMU surveillance in English hospitals to serve the needs of national policy makers and front-line practitioners. Methods: Characteristics of existing AMU surveillance systems were identified from a previous systematic review and categorized by the Acceptability, Practicability, Effectiveness, Affordability, Side-effects and Equity (APEASE) criteria. Stakeholders prioritized characteristics using a two-round RAND-modified Delphi (rating round 1, telephone panel discussion, rating round 2). Findings informed the design of a framework used to assess the extent to which existing surveillance approaches meet stakeholders’ needs. Results: Between 17/09/19 and 01/11/19, 24 stakeholders with national and local roles related to AMU prioritized 23 characteristics of AMU surveillance describing: resource for surveillance, data collection, data availability and pathways to translate information from surveillance into practice. No existing surveillance approaches demonstrated all prioritized characteristics. The most common limitation was failure to facilitate clinician engagement with AMU through delays in data access and/or limited availability of disaggregated metrics of prescribing. Conclusions: Current surveillance delivers national public health priorities but improving stewardship demands patient-level data linked to clinical outcomes. This study offers a framework to develop current surveillance to meet the needs of local stakeholders in England. Increased investment in data infrastructure and training is essential to make information held within electronic systems available to front-line clinicians to facilitate quality improvement

Young Muslims’ religious identities in relation to places beyond the UK:a qualitative map-making technique in Newcastle upon Tyne

Transnational relations can play an important role in young people’s identity negotiations and transitions to adulthood. In this article, we explore how young British-born Muslims construct and contest their religious identities and experience their changing religious identities from their lateteens until their early-twenties. We analyse how places beyond the UK shape their religious beliefs and identities in Newcastle upon Tyne in the North East of England, and present a methodological tool to understand young people’s complex and changing (religious) identities and spatialities. We draw on in-depth interviews–including map-making methods–with a small number of young Muslims living in Newcastle upon Tyne whose parents migrated from Pakistan or Bangladesh. This article contributes to youth geographies, by illustrating that when the participants begin to negotiate ‘being Muslim’ more independently, the spatial orientation of their religious identities starts to change as well. We show that the changing meaning and importance of the places beyond the UK should be understood in relation to other spatial notions when explaining religious identity negotiations of young people. Moreover, the paper provides a methodological contribution in demonstrating how map-making can help to examine young people’s identities and changing relationships to places in a transnational context

Recoiling Black Holes in Merging Galaxies: Relationship to AGN Lifetimes, Starbursts, and the M-sigma Relation

Gravitational-wave (GW) recoil of merging supermassive black holes (SMBHs) may influence the co-evolution of SMBHs and their host galaxies. We examine this possibility using SPH/N-body simulations of gaseous galaxy mergers in which the merged BH receives a recoil kick. This enables us to follow recoiling BHs in self-consistent, evolving merger remnants. In contrast to recent studies on similar topics, we conduct a large parameter study, generating a suite of over 200 simulations with more than 60 merger models and a range of recoil velocities (vk). Our main results are as follows. (1) BHs kicked at nearly the central escape speed (vesc) may oscillate on large orbits for up to a Hubble time, but in gas-rich mergers, BHs kicked with up to ~ 0.7 vesc may be confined to the central few kpc of the galaxy, owing to gas drag and steep central potentials. (2) vesc in gas-rich mergers may increase rapidly during final coalescence, in which case trajectories may depend on the timing of the BH merger relative to the formation of the potential well. (3) Recoil events generally reduce the lifetimes of bright active galactic nuclei (AGN), but may actually extend AGN lifetimes at lower luminosities. (4) Kinematically-offset AGN (v > 800 km s^-1) may be observable for up to ~ 10 Myr either immediately after the recoil or during pericentric passages through a gas-rich remnant. (5) Spatially-offset AGN (R > 1 kpc) generally have low luminosities and lifetimes of ~ 1 - 100 Myr. (6) Rapidly-recoiling BHs may be up to ~ 5 times less massive than their stationary counterparts. This lowers the normalization of the M-sigma relation and contributes to both intrinsic and overall scatter. (7) Finally, the displacement of AGN feedback after a recoil event enhances central star formation rates, thereby extending the starburst phase of the merger and creating a denser stellar cusp. [Abridged.]Comment: 30 pages, 18 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Reproducing the CO-to-H₂ conversion factor in cosmological simulations of Milky-Way-mass galaxies

We present models of CO(1–0) emission from Milky-Way-mass galaxies at redshift zero in the FIRE-2 cosmological zoom-in simulations. We calculate the molecular abundances by post-processing the simulations with an equilibrium chemistry solver while accounting for the effects of local sources, and determine the emergent CO(1–0) emission using a line radiative transfer code. We find that the results depend strongly on the shielding length assumed, which, in our models, sets the attenuation of the incident UV radiation field. At the resolution of these simulations, commonly used choices for the shielding length, such as the Jeans length, result in CO abundances that are too high at a given H₂ abundance. We find that a model with a distribution of shielding lengths, which has a median shielding length of ∼3 pc in cold gas (T < 300 K) for both CO and H₂, is able to reproduce both the observed CO(1–0) luminosity and inferred CO-to-H₂ conversion factor at a given star formation rate compared with observations. We suggest that this short shielding length can be thought of as a subgrid model, which controls the amount of radiation that penetrates giant molecular clouds

From What We Eat, We Define Ourselves: The Creative Fictions and Nonfictions of Contemporary Food

This panel, made up of current and former Winthrop writing students and of current Winthrop faculty seeks to look creatively at the myriad of ways in which the food we eat might offer another helpful entrance point into defining our identity