Comparison of the treatment mediated changes in serum lipid profile of cases with metabolic syndrome treated with low dose atorvastatin versus the usual care group

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of cardiometabolic risk determinants comprising of obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. In view of the epidemic of metabolic syndrome, this prospective, comparative study done in OPD setting in a tertiary care centre of central India aimed at finding out the changes in lipid profile, a surrogate marker of cardiovascular morbidities on treatment with low dose atorvastatin versus the usual care group.Methods: Patients satisfying NCEP-ATPIII criteria for metabolic syndrome were divided into two groups. Group A received treatment with 20 mg Atorvastatin along with target driven treatment for hypertension and elevated glucose, as required. Group B received the same except for atorvastatin. Serum lipid profiles were recorded and changes were compared before and after study duration of 3 months. Also, cardiac events were kept track of during follow up.Results: At the end of study it was found that treatment mediated changes in the lipid profile were highly significant (p<0.001) and favourable in group A as compared to Group B. Also, lesser cardiovascular outcomes were observed in Group A patients.Conclusions: The study concludes that among patients with metabolic syndrome, those treated with statins benefitted more than those who did not take statin therapy. This benefit in the correction of serum lipid profile also translated in terms of decreased cardiovascular outcomes in Group A patients. Hence, low dose atorvastatin therapy provides a potential approach for treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome

Fucoidan from Marine Brown Algae Inhibits Lipid Accumulation

In this study, we elucidated the inhibitory effect of fucoidan from marine brown algae on the lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and its mechanism. The treatment of fucoidan in a dose-dependent manner was examined on lipid inhibition in 3T3-L1 cells by using Oil Red O staining. Fucoidan showed high lipid inhibition activity at 200 μg/mL concentration (P < 0.001). Lipolytic activity in adipocytes is highly dependent on hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), which is one of the most important targets of lipolytic regulation. Here, we examined the biological response of fucoidan on the protein level of lipolysis pathway. The expressed protein levels of total hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and its activated form, phosphorylated-HSL were significantly increased at concentration of 200 μg/mL fucoidan. Furthermore, insulin-induced 2-deoxy-d-[3H] glucose uptake was decreased up to 51% in fucoidan-treated cells as compared to control. Since increase of HSL and p-HSL expression and decrease of glucose uptake into adipocytes are known to lead to stimulation of lipolysis, our results suggest that fucoidan reduces lipid accumulation by stimulating lipolysis. Therefore, these results suggest that fucoidan can be useful for the prevention or treatment of obesity due to its stimulatory lipolysis

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension Among Adults in Palpa District, Nepal

Introduction: Hypertension mostly remains asymptomatic when controlled, however, there is always an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and renal failure. The higher the blood pressure, the higher the likelihood of harmful consequences to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, brain, and kidneys. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the adult population. The blood pressure was measured from the left arm, the respondents in sitting posture and arm support at the heart level. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 22% and higher in people above 60 years of age. The prevalence of hypertension was more in people who had elevated waist to hip ratio (65%) and positive family history (40.8%). The prevalence of hypertension was observed high among diabetics (63.2%) and in smokers (33.3%).&nbsp;Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension was seen positively associated with increasing age, smoking, alcohol sedentary lifestyle, diabetes, stress, central obesity and &gt;25 BMI

Waist Circumference predicting Cardiovascular Disease in Korean Men and Women

Objective: Obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are closely related and have become increasingly prevalent in Korea. Asians are more prone to obesity-related co-morbidities than Caucasians, even at lower body mass index (BMI) and/or smaller waist circumference (WC) values. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the association of WC with the risk of CVD in non-Caucasian populations. The authors conducted a prospective cohort study of WC and the risk of CVD in the Korean Heart Study.Methods: We examined the association of WC to CVD incidence among 53,026 Korean adults (30,152 men, 22,874 women) with no history of CVD and/or cancer. During a mean follow-up of 8.6 years, 2,722 incident cases of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) including 1,383 cases of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 1,012 cases of stroke were documented. Results: Average WC at baseline was 84.0&#xb1;8.2 cm in men and 75.2&#xb1;8.9 cm in women. After adjustment for age and BMI, WC was significantly associated with cardiovascular risk factors (P &#x3c;.001). In men, a WC of &#x2265;91 cm was associated with an ASCVD hazard ratio (HR) of 1.62 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25, 2.10) and an IHD HR of 1.70 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.42) in comparison with a WC of &#x3c;78 cm even after further adjustment for BMI and traditional risk factors (P for trend = 0.0118, 0.0139 respectively). In women, the progressive associations of WC with ASCVD, IHD and stroke were observed. These associations were however attenuated after further adjustment for BMI and traditional risk factors. The multivariable HRs for ASCVD, IHD, and stroke increased with higher WC in both men and women. Conclusions: Central obesity significantly and independently contributes to cardiovascular outcomes in Korean men and women

Acidic Polysaccharide Extracts from Gastrodia Rhizomes Suppress the Atherosclerosis Risk Index through Inhibition of the Serum Cholesterol Composition in Sprague Dawley Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

Obesity is associated with a broad spectrum of cardio-metabolic disturbances, including atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CDV). A high-fat diet has been shown to cause an elevation of the plasma cholesterol levels in humans, and the control of serum cholesterol has been demonstrated to be important in the prevention of CVD and atherosclerosis. The aims of this study were to demonstrate that crude and acidic polysaccharide extracts from Gastrodia rhizomes suppress atherosclerosis through the regulation of serum lipids in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats fed a high-fat diet. We examined the concentrations of serum lipids, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol, in SD rats fed a high-fat diet and evaluated the atherogenic index. Here, we show that both crude and acidic polysaccharide extracts from Gastrodia rhizomes inhibited the total cholesterol and LDL levels. Moreover, there was a significantly suppressed atherosclerosis risk due to the acidic polysaccharide extract from Gastrodia rhizome. Taken together, our results suggested that acidic polysaccharide extracts from Gastrodia rhizomes might be beneficial for lowering the incidence of CVD and atherosclerosis by reducing the de novo synthesis of total cholesterol and the LDL levels

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE METABOLIC DISORDERS IN OBESE MEN AND THE BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)

Background: The influence of body weight on serum lipids and uric acid is often overlooked in clinical practice. Objective: To study the magnitude of metabolic disorders (dyslipidemia and hyper-urecaemia) in asymptomatic obese men and its relation to body mass index (BMI). Methods: The study was conducted between September 2013 and July of 2014 at the medical analyses center in the Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University. The weight, height, BMI, waist circumference (WC) uric acid, and lipid profile of 148 obese males, apparently healthy, compared with 80 males in a control group (BMI &lt; 25 kg / m²), were investigated. Subjects were grouped by BMI and WC in accordance with the National Institutes of Health cutoff points. Within the normal-weight (18.5-24.9), overweight (25.0-29.9), and obese (≥ 30.0) BMI categories, we distributed the results of all the blood tests and we computed the prevalence of dyslipidemia and hyperurecaemia. Results: The present work revealed that with increasing body weight, the mean total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides(TG), and uric acid increased; while the mean HDL-C decreased. These changes were as follows: the means difference between the first and second group and between the second and the third group were 29 and 31 mg/dl respectively regarding total cholesterol; for TG, these were 47.5 and 53.4 mg/dl; for LDL-C, these were 12 and 29 mg/dl; for HDL-C, these were 3.6 and 3.5 mg/dl; for uric acid, these were 0.3 mg/dl as a common difference, P=0.0245). Conclusion: Excess body weight is associated with deleterious changes in the lipoprotein profile and uric acid

Waist-to-Hip Ratio is Related to Body Fat Content and Distribution Regardless of the Waist Circumference Measurement Protocol, in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients

Central accumulation and distribution of body fat (BF) is an important cardiometabolic risk factor. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), commonly elevated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, has been endorsed as a risk related marker of central BF content and distribution, but no standardized waist circumference measurement protocol (WCmp) has been proposed. We aimed to investigate whether using different WCmp affects the strength of association between WHR and BF content and distribution in NAFLD patients. BF was assessed with Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) in 28 NAFLD patients (19 males, 51 ± 13 yrs, and 9 females, 47 ± 13 yrs). Waist circumference (WC) was measured using four different WCmp (WC1: minimal waist; WC2: iliac crest; WC3: mid-distance between iliac crest and lowest rib; WC4: at the umbilicus) and WHR was calculated accordingly (WHR1, WHR2, WHR3 and WHR4, respectively). High WHR was found in up to 84.6% of subjects, depending on the WHR considered. With the exception of WHR1, all WHR correlated well with abdominal BF (r=0.47 for WHR1; r=0.59 for WHR2 and WHR3; r=0.58 for WHR4) and BF distribution (r=0.45 for WHR1; r=0.56 for WHR2 and WHR3; r=0.51 for WHR4), controlling for age, sex and body mass index (BMI). WHR2 and WHR3 diagnosed exactly the same prevalence of high WHR (76.9%). The present study confirms the strong relation between WHR and central BF, regardless of WCmp used, in NAFLD patients. WHR2 and WHR3 seemed preferable for use in clinical practice, interchangeably, for the diagnosis of high WHR in NAFLD patients.co-financed by national funds through the Programa Operacional do Alentejo (ALENT-07-0262-FEDER-001883)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Correlation of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness with the Anthropometric Indexes related with Abdominal Obesity in Type 2 Diabetic Male Patients

Background : Abdominal obesity increases the risk of clinical atherosclerotic diseases, but whether the association between abdominal obesity and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes is controversial. This study investigated the relation of common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) with several parameters related to abdominal obesity. Methods : We evaluated 105 male patients with type 2 diabetes. The subjects underwent high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography to measure the mean and maximal IMT at common carotid artery and visceral fat thickness (VFT). VFT was defined as the distance between the internal face of recto-abdominal muscle and the anterior wall of aorta, 1 cm above the umbilical knot. Results : Both mean and maximum carotid IMT were increased in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension, abdominal obesity, or metabolic syndrome compared to those without these diseases. After adjusting for age, VFT showed good correlation with the mean and maximum carotid IMT (r = 0.418 and r = 0.351, P < 0.001, respectively). In the multiple regression analyses, age and VFT were independently associated with the mean IMT, and age and HDL-cholesterol concentration were associated with the maximal IMT. Conclusion : This study suggested that an independent association between abdominal obesity, reflected by high VFT measured by ultrasonography, and carotid artery wall thickening in type 2 diabetic male patients.ope

Public health semantics of YY paradox

Abstract Background: Body Mass Index (BMI) has lost its credibility as an indicator of fatness. 3D sca

Assessment of nutritional status and body image perceptions on immigrants

The valuation of the nutritional status and body image perception of the immigrant population is important to detect exposed groups at risk and to make nutritional recommendations. The assessment of nutritional status can be carried out through different methods, among which Anthropometric ones are especially recommended in case of large immigrant flow. This assessment is an important basis for developing an effective strategy to improve nutrition and health status in immigrants