Qian Zhongshu parla de traducció

La majoria dels estudis sobre la vida i l'obra de Qian Zhongshu se centra exclusivament en les seves tres grans obres monogràfiques, L'art de la poesia, El tractat del tub i el punxó i Weicheng. En l'entorn cultural xinès, tanmateix, també es publiquen periòdicament articles sobre altres textos en què l'autor ha plasmat els seus pensaments al llarg de la seva vida. Un dels camps en què Qian Zhongshu es va mostrar més actiu, a part del de la literatura comparada, és el dels estudis sobre la traducció. El present article pretén omplir un buit en l'entorn acadèmic euroamericà aplegant les reflexions de Qian Zhongshu entorn de l'art de traduir, unes aportacions que, tot i que s'hagin difós de manera disgregada en textos diversos, permeten considerar-lo un dels teòrics més destacats dels estudis sobre la traducció.Most of the studies on Qian Zhongshu's life and work focus exclusively on his three major monographic works, On the Art of Poetry, The Tube and Awl Chapters and Fortress Besieged. In the Chinese cultural setting, however, articles are regularly published about other texts in which the author has expressed his thoughts throughout his life. One of the fields in which Qian Zhongshu has been most active, besides the field of comparative literature, is the field of translation studies. This article attempts to fill a gap in the Euro-American academic environment, collecting the thoughts of Qian Zhongshu on the art of translation, a contribution which, although published in a series of separate texts, enables us to consider him one of the most significant theorists of translation studies

La traducció de la interculturalitat

La recerca que presenta aquesta tesi doctoral aporta un nou enfocament als elements implicats en la traducció. Els resultats desafien la tradicional distinció entre elements lingüístics i elements culturals, a través de l'estudi de l'obra Weicheng, de l'escriptor xinès Qian Zhongshu (1910-1998), i de les traduccions al castellà i a l'anglés. La globalitat cultural d'aquesta novel·la i la seva riquesa literària posen de manifest que la traducció és quelcom més que una simple eina de commutació lingüística.The research presented in this doctoral thesis provides a new approach to the elements involved in translation. The thesis challenges the common practice of distinguishing between linguistic and cultural elements through the study of Weicheng, a novel by the Chinese author Qian Zhongshu (1910-1998), and its translations into Spanish and English. The presence of cultural globalisation in the novel and its literary richness make it clear that translation is something more than a simple tool for linguistic commutation

Functional characterization of TasA and TapA in the formation of the amyloid fiber in Bacillus subtilis

Introduction Functional amyloids are a very heterogeneous family of amyloid proteins widespread in nature, from humans to bacteria. Unlike their “pathogenic” relatives, implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, functional amyloids play important roles in several biological processes. In Bacillus subtilis, the protein TasA forms amyloid-like fibers that serve as a scaffold for the rest of the components of the extracellular matrix. Along with TasA, the auxiliary protein TapA promotes and accelerates TasA fiber assembly. Most amyloid proteins contain regions within their sequence in which their aminoacid composition make them prone to aggregation. However, the sequence determinants in TasA or TapA involved in the assembly of the amyloid fiber, its structure and function still remains elusive. Objectives To identify and characterize regions of TasA or TapA important for amyloid fiber assembly and functionality in Bacillus subtilis biofilms. Materials & methods An in silico study was performed in order to define amyloidogenic regions within TasA and TapA sequences. This analysis revealed several regions of interest and was followed by in vitro experiments using synthetic peptides corresponding to the analyzed regions. We used several biophysical techniques in combination with transmission electron microscopy to study their possible amyloid properties. Results Of the predicted amyloidogenic regions of TasA, only two polymerized with enrichment of beta-sheets, characteristic of amyloid proteins. A similar behavior was found in a sequence of the N-terminal half of TapA, which has been previously demonstrated to be determinant in the functionality of TapA. Conclusion Our findings support the utility of the in silico prediction for the search of amyloidogenic domains in proteins. The aggregative properties of all peptides and the additional amyloid-like features of some of them are suggestive of their relevance in the amyloid properties of TasA and suggest in some cases, their putative implication in the TasA-TapA interaction.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Desarrollo de Metodologías Analíticas para la Caracterización Química de Aceite de Oliva Virgen

El aceite de oliva tiene especial relevancia en España, sobre todo en Jaén. Su valor nutricional deriva de su composición, estando constituido mayoritariamente por triglicéridos (siendo el ácido oleico el ácido graso mayoritario); la fracción minoritaria incluye otros compuestos de interés, entre los que destacamos los antioxidantes (compuestos fenólicos y tocoferoles). Los métodos convencionales/oficiales para determinación de compuestos antioxidantes y peróxidos en aceite de oliva son lentos, laboriosos y poco respetuosos con el medio ambiente. Por ello, en la primera parte de esta Tesis se desarrollaron métodos automáticos de análisis mediante multiconmutación, como métodos alternativos para mejorar los métodos convencionales/oficiales. En la segunda parte, se estudia la espectrometría de masas acoplada a nuevas fuentes de ionización (plasma de baja temperatura, descarga de barrera dieléctrica y papel spray) con dos propósitos: contribuir a caracterizar el aceite de oliva mediante espectrometría de masas directa y ampliar la cobertura de ionización respecto a las fuentes convencionales.Olive oil has special relevance in Spain, especially in Jaén. Its nutritional value derives from its composition; the major fraction consisting of triglycerides (oleic acid being the major fatty acid); and on the other hand, the minority compounds, highlighting the antioxidants (phenolic compounds and tocopherols). The conventional/official methods for the determination of antioxidant compounds and peroxides in olive oil are slow, laborious and not environmentally friendly. Therefore, in the first part of this Thesis, multiconmutated automatic methods of analysis were developed as an alternative to determine these compounds in order to improve conventional/official methods. In the second part, mass spectrometry coupled to new sources of ionization (low temperature plasma, dielectric barrier discharge ionization and paper spray) is studied to two purposes: to contribute to the characterization of olive oil by direct mass spectrometry, and to expand ionization coverage regarding conventional sources.Tesis Univ. Jaén. Departamento de Química Física y Analítica. Leída el 14 de diciembre de 2017

The role of psychosocial stress on a family-based treatment for adolescents with problematic behaviors

The stressful life events experienced by adolescents with problematic behaviors, should be considered for implementing effective interventions. This study aimed to examine the adjustment of adolescents with problematic behaviors, and to assess the effectiveness of a family-based treatment, namely Scene-Based Psychodramatic Family Therapy (SB-PFT), according to different stress profiles. Ten SB-PFT sessions, over 17 trials were implemented. Stressful life events and adolescent adjustment were evaluated at pretest and posttest, for the SB-PFT participants (n = 104 adolescents) and a control group (n = 106). The adolescents were categorized into three profiles depending on the nature of the stressors: family stress profile, individual and family stress profile, and low stress profile. The individual and family stress group showed worse adjustment. Effectiveness analyses revealed improvements in SB-PFT participants’ emotional intelligence, but not in anger and hostility. Furthermore, adolescents with low and family-related stress profiles showed enhancements in parent attachment. In conclusion, interventions involving adolescents with problematic behaviors must be tailored to the stressful life events experienced. Specific treatments should be used alongside SB-PFT, when adolescents are met with individual-related stress. Nevertheless, SB-PFT seemed to promote emotional intelligence and parent attachment, particularly in adolescents with problematic behaviors that experienced only family stressors.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad EDU2013-41441-PMinisterio de Educación, Cultura y Deportes FPU Program-311

Open meta-modelling frameworks via meta-object protocols

Meta-modelling is central to Model-Driven Engineering. Many meta-modelling notations, approaches and tools have been proposed along the years, which widely vary regarding their supported modelling features. However, current approaches tend to be closed and rigid with respect to the supported concepts and semantics. Moreover, extending the environment with features beyond those natively supported requires highly technical knowledge. This situation hampers flexibility and interoperability of meta-modelling environments. In order to alleviate this situation, we propose open meta-modelling frameworks, which can be extended and configured via meta-object protocols (MOPs). Such environments offer extension points on events like element instantiation, model loading or property access, and enable selecting particular model elements over which the extensions are to be executed. We show how MOP-based mechanisms permit extending meta-modelling frameworks in a flexible way, and allow describing a wide range of meta-modelling concepts. As a proof of concept, we show and compare an implementation in the MetaDepth tool and an aspect-based implementation atop the Eclipse Modelling Framework (EMF). We have evaluated our approach by extending EMF and MetaDepth with modelling services not foreseen initially when they were created. The evaluation shows that MOP-based mechanisms permit extending meta-modelling frameworks in a flexible way, and are powerful enough to support the specification of a broad variety of meta-modelling featuresWork partially funded by projects RECOM and FLEXOR (Spanish MINECO,TIN2015-73968-JIN (AEI/FEDER/UE) and TIN2014-52129-R) and the R&D programme of the Madrid Region (S2013/ICE-3006

Modifying the atlas of low lunar orbits using inert tethers

For long enough tethers, the coupling of the attitude and orbital dynamics may show non-negligible effects in the orbital motion of a tethered satellite about a central body. In the case of fast rotating tethers the attitude remains constant, on average, up to second order effects. Besides, for a tether rotating in a plane parallel to the equatorial plane of the central body, the attitude?orbit coupling effect is formally equal to the perturbation of the Keplerian motion produced by the oblateness of the central body and, therefore, may have a stabilizing effect in the orbital dynamics. In the case of a tethered satellite in a low lunar orbit, it is demonstrated that feasible tether lengths can help in modifying the actual map of lunar frozen orbit