Childbirth experience questionnaire 2 – Icelandic translation and validation

Funding Information: We would like to thank the women who took time to participate in the study. Furthermore, we would like to acknowledge Dr. Anna Dencker for the permission to translate the CEQ and useful advice regarding the translation and validation process. The study received financial support from The Icelandic Centre for Research and the Memorial Fund of Midwife Björg Magnúsdóttir and Farmer Magnús Jónasson. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Objective: The aim of this study was to translate the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ2) to Icelandic and assess its psychometric characteristics. Methods: The CEQ2 was translated to Icelandic using forward-to-back translation and tested for face-validity (n = 10). Then data was collected in an online survey to test validation in terms of reliability and construct validity (n = 1125). Reliability was assessed by calculating Cronbach's alpha for the total scale and subscales. Cronbach's alpha > 0.7 was regarded as satisfactory. Construct validity was measured using known-groups validation with data collected on women's birth outcomes known to be associated with more positive birth experiences. A comparison was made of CEQ2 subscale scores and total CEQ2 score for country of origin, social complications, parity, pregnancy complications, birthplace, mode of birth, maternal autonomy and decision making (MADM), and mothers on respect index (MORi). Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis H tests were used to compare scale scores between the groups. Principal components analysis with varimax rotation was chosen to determine whether the Icelandic version of the CEQ had similar psychometric properties as the original version. Results: The face validity and internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha > 0.85 for the total scale and all subscales) of the Icelandic version of CEQ2 was good. Our findings indicate that two of the items in the 'own capacity' domain were not sufficiently related to other items of the scale to warrant inclusion. Conclusions: The Icelandic CEQ2 is a valid and reliable measure of childbirth experience but further work is needed to determine the optimal number of items and domains of the Icelandic CEQ2.Peer reviewe

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