9,139 research outputs found
Comparing the performance of stellar variability filters for the detection of planetary transits
We have developed a new method to improve the transit detection of
Earth-sized planets in front of solar-like stars by fitting stellar
microvariability by means of a spot model. A large Monte Carlo numerical
experiment has been designed to test the performance of our approach in
comparison with other variability filters and fitting techniques for stars of
different magnitudes and planets of different radius and orbital period, as
observed by the space missions CoRoT and Kepler. Here we report on the results
of this experiment.Comment: 4 pages, 3 postscript figures, Transiting Planets Proceeding IAU
Symposium No.253, 200
Design for Low-Cost Country Sourcing: Motivation, Basic Principles and Design Guidelines
Organised by: Cranfield UniversityNot every product can be successfully sourced in low-cost countries. Disadvantageous cost structures or
extremely complex workpiece designs are the most frequent reasons for failures. A design that has been
tailored to low-cost country sourcing offers the possibility of increasing potentials while reducing risks and
costs at the same time. The wbk Institute of Production Science at the Universität Karlsruhe (TH) developed
a new approach which ensures that the product design meets the requirements of the supplier. This paper
identifies the factors influencing the design, deduces basic principles and illustrates guidelines for an
adapted product design.Mori Seiki – The Machine Tool Compan
Photospheric activity, rotation, and star-planet interaction of the planet-hosting star CoRoT-6
The CoRoT satellite has recently discovered a hot Jupiter that transits
across the disc of a F9V star called CoRoT-6 with a period of 8.886 days. We
model the photospheric activity of the star and use the maps of the active
regions to study stellar differential rotation and the star-planet interaction.
We apply a maximum entropy spot model to fit the optical modulation as observed
by CoRoT during a uninterrupted interval of about 140 days. Photospheric active
regions are assumed to consist of spots and faculae in a fixed proportion with
solar-like contrasts. Individual active regions have lifetimes up to 30-40
days. Most of them form and decay within five active longitudes whose different
migration rates are attributed to the stellar differential rotation for which a
lower limit of \Delta \Omega / \Omega = 0.12 \pm 0.02 is obtained. Several
active regions show a maximum of activity at a longitude lagging the
subplanetary point by about 200 degrees with the probability of a chance
occurrence being smaller than 1 percent. Our spot modelling indicates that the
photospheric activity of CoRoT-6 could be partially modulated by some kind of
star-planet magnetic interaction, while an interaction related to tides is
highly unlikely because of the weakness of the tidal force.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted to Astronomy & Astrophysic
Modelling solar-like variability for the detection of Earth-like planetary transits. I. Performance of the three-spot modelling and harmonic function fitting
We present a comparison of two methods of fitting solar-like variability to
increase the efficiency of detection of Earth-like planetary transits across
the disk of a Sun-like star. One of them is the harmonic fitting method that
coupled with the BLS detection algorithm demonstrated the best performance
during the first CoRoT blind test. We apply a Monte Carlo approach by
simulating a large number of light curves of duration 150 days for different
values of planetary radius, orbital period, epoch of the first transit, and
standard deviation of the photon shot noise. Stellar variability is assumed in
all the cases to be given by the Total Solar Irradiance variations as observed
close to the maximum of solar cycle 23. After fitting solar variability,
transits are searched for by means of the BLS algorithm. We find that a model
based on three point-like active regions is better suited than a best fit with
a linear combination of 200 harmonic functions to reduce the impact of stellar
microvariability provided that the standard deviation of the noise is 2-4 times
larger than the central depth of the transits. On the other hand, the
200-harmonic fit is better when the standard deviation of the noise is
comparable to the transit depth. Our results show the advantage of a model
including a simple but physically motivated treatment of stellar
microvariability for the detection of planetary transits when the standard
deviation of the photon shot noise is greater than the transit depth and
stellar variability is analogous to solar irradiance variations.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysic
Tides and angular momentum redistribution inside low-mass stars hosting planets: a first dynamical model
We introduce a general mathematical framework to model the internal transport
of angular momentum in a star hosting a close-in planetary/stellar companion.
By assuming that the tidal and rotational distortions are small and that the
deposit/extraction of angular momentum induced by stellar winds and tidal
torques are redistributed solely by an effective eddy-viscosity that depends on
the radial coordinate, we can formulate the model in a completely analytic way.
It allows us to compute simultaneously the evolution of the orbit of the
companion and of the spin and the radial differential rotation of the star. An
illustrative application to the case of an F-type main-sequence star hosting a
hot Jupiter is presented. The general relevance of our model to test more
sophisticated numerical dynamical models and to study the internal rotation
profile of exoplanet hosts, submitted to the combined effects of tides and
stellar winds, by means of asteroseismology are discussed.Comment: 32 pages, 10 figures, one table; accepted to Celestial Mechanics and
Dynamical Astronomy, special issue on tide
A bimodal correlation between host star chromospheric emission and the surface gravity of hot Jupiters
The chromospheric activity index logR'HK of stars hosting transiting hot
Jupiters appears to be correlated with the planets' surface gravity. One of the
possible explanations is based on the presence of condensations of planetary
evaporated material located in a circumstellar cloud that absorbs the CaII H&K
and MgII h&k resonance line emission flux, used to measure chromospheric
activity. A larger column density in the condensations, or equivalently a
stronger absorption in the chromospheric lines, is obtained when the
evaporation rate of the planet is larger, which occurs for a lower gravity of
the planet. We analyze here a sample of stars hosting transiting hot Jupiters
tuned in order to minimize systematic effects (e.g., interstellar medium
absorption). Using a mixture model, we find that the data are best fit by a
two-linear-regression model. We interpret this result in terms of the
Vaughan-Preston gap. We use a Monte Carlo approach to best take into account
the uncertainties, finding that the two intercepts fit the observed peaks of
the distribution of logR'HK for main-sequence solar-like stars. We also find
that the intercepts are correlated with the slopes, as predicted by the model
based on the condensations of planetary evaporated material. Our findings bring
further support to this model, although we cannot firmly exclude different
explanations. A precise determination of the slopes of the two linear
components would allow one to estimate the average effective stellar flux
powering planetary evaporation, which can then be used for theoretical
population and evolution studies of close-in planets.Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJ
Solar Neutrino Data, Neutrino Magnetic Moments and Flavor Mixing
The results of all currently operating solar neutrino experiments are
analyzed in the framework of the resonant neutrino spin--flavor precession
scenario including the effects of neutrino mixing. Nine different profiles of
the solar magnetic field are used in the calculations. It is shown that the
available experimental data can be accounted for within the considered
scenario. The Ga--Ge data lead to an upper limit on the neutrino mixing angle:
\sin 2\theta_0 \aprle 0.25. One can discriminate between small mixing angle
(\sin 2\theta_0 \aprle 0.1) and moderate mixing angle solutions by studying
the solar flux which is predicted to be sizeable for moderate
mixing angles. The expected signals due to in the SNO,
Super--Kamiokande and Borexino experiments are calculated and found to be
detectable for \sin 2\theta_0 \aprge 0.1.Comment: 16 pages, latex, 5 figures available upon request from Author
Planet-Induced Emission Enhancements in HD 179949: Results from McDonald Observations
We monitored the Ca II H and K lines of HD 179949, a notable star in the
southern hemisphere, to observe and confirm previously identified planet
induced emission (PIE) as an effect of star-planet interaction. We obtained
high resolution spectra (R ~ 53,000) with a signal-to-noise ratio S/N >~ 50 in
the Ca II H and K cores during 10 nights of observation at the McDonald
Observatory. Wide band echelle spectra were taken using the 2.7 m telescope.
Detailed statistical analysis of Ca II K revealed fluctuations in the Ca II K
core attributable to planet induced chromospheric emission. This result is
consistent with previous studies by Shkolnik et al. (2003). Additionally, we
were able to confirm the reality and temporal evolution of the phase shift of
the maximum of star-planet interaction previously found. However, no
identifiable fluctuations were detected in the Ca II H core. The Al I lambda
3944 A line was also monitored to gauge if the expected activity enhancements
are confined to the chromospheric layer. Our observations revealed some
variability, which is apparently unassociated with planet induced activity.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables; Publications of the Astronomical
Society of Australia (in press
Determination of rotation periods in solar-like stars with irregular sampling: the Gaia case
We present a study on the determination of rotation periods (P) of solar-like
stars from the photometric irregular time-sampling of the ESA Gaia mission,
currently scheduled for launch in 2013, taking into account its dependence on
ecliptic coordinates. We examine the case of solar-twins as well as thousands
of synthetic time-series of solar-like stars rotating faster than the Sun. In
the case of solar twins we assume that the Gaia unfiltered photometric passband
G will mimic the variability of the total solar irradiance (TSI) as measured by
the VIRGO experiment. For stars rotating faster than the Sun, light-curves are
simulated using synthetic spectra for the quiet atmosphere, the spots, and the
faculae combined by applying semi-empirical relationships relating the level of
photospheric magnetic activity to the stellar rotation and the Gaia
instrumental response. The capabilities of the Deeming, Lomb-Scargle, and Phase
Dispersion Minimisation methods in recovering the correct rotation periods are
tested and compared. The false alarm probability (FAP) is computed using Monte
Carlo simulations and compared with analytical formulae. The Gaia scanning law
makes the rate of correct detection of rotation periods strongly dependent on
the ecliptic latitude (beta). We find that for P ~ 1 d, the rate of correct
detection increases with ecliptic latitude from 20-30 per cent at beta ~
0{\deg} to a peak of 70 per cent at beta=45{\deg}, then it abruptly falls below
10 per cent at beta > 45{\deg}. For P > 5 d, the rate of correct detection is
quite low and for solar twins is only 5 per cent on average.Comment: 12 pages, 18 figures, accepted by MNRA
Activity cycles in members of young loose stellar associations
Magnetic cycles have been detected in tens of solar-like stars. The
relationship between the cycle properties and global stellar parameters is not
fully understood yet.
We searched for activity cycles in 90 solar-like stars with ages between 4
and 95 Myr aiming to investigate the properties of activity cycles in this age
range.
We measured the length of a given cycle by analyzing the long-term
time-series of three activity indexes. For each star, we computed also the
global magnetic activity index that is proportional to the amplitude of
the rotational modulation and is a proxy of the mean level of the surface
magnetic activity. We detected activity cycles in 67 stars. Secondary cycles
were also detected in 32 stars. The lack of correlation between and
suggest that these stars belong to the Transitional Branch and that
the dynamo acting in these stars is different from the solar one. This
statement is also supported by the analysis of the butterfly diagrams.
We computed the Spearman correlation coefficient between ,
and different stellar parameters. We found that is
uncorrelated with all the investigated parameters. The index is
positively correlated with the convective turn-over time-scale, the magnetic
diffusivity time-scale , and the dynamo number , whereas
it is anti-correlated with the effective temperature , the
photometric shear and the radius at which
the convective zone is located.
We found that is about constant and that decreases with the
stellare age in the range 4-95 Myr. We investigated the magnetic activity of AB
Dor A by merging ASAS time-series with previous long-term photometric data. We
estimated the length of the AB Dor A primary cycle as .Comment: 19 pages , 15 figures, accepte
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