: Taste perception and food neophobia in children and adolescents.

3 pages, 2 photos Résumés et mots clés en français et en anglaisLes résultats de deux études montrent qu'il peut exister une corrélation entre des facteurs à priori d'origines biologique, voire génétique, et psychologique, en l'occurrence la capacité de percevoir le goût amer et la néophobie ou méfiance de goûter des aliments nouveaux.From childhood, all the individual sensory properties influence food preferences, so the diversity of choices and consumption. We also know that after an exploratory period, the child over 2 years limits his new experiences of intake by refusing to try unfamiliar foods. Thus, in the case of gustatory sensitivity to certain flavors or in the case of a major food neophobia, the repertoire diversity of young consumers can be reduced to certain categories of foods, excluding for example fruits and Vegetables that are considered essential for health. Taking simultaneously into account these biological and behavioral factors, two studies showed a relationship between taste perceptions and food neophobia, that may particularly affect preferences and food choices.L'ensemble des propriétés sensorielles individuelles influencent dès l'enfance les préférences alimentaires, donc la diversité des choix et des consommations. On sait aussi, qu'après une période exploratoire, l'enfant de plus de 2 ans a tendance à limiter ses nouvelles expériences de prise alimentaire en refusant de goûter des aliments inconnus. Ainsi, dans le cas d'une grande sensibilité gustative à certaines saveurs ou dans le cas d'une néophobie alimentaire importante, la diversité du répertoire du jeune consommateur peut se trouver réduite à certaines catégories d'aliments, avec exclusion par exemple de fruits et légumes considérés comme essentiels pour la santé. Prenant simultanément en considération ces aspects biologiques et comportementaux, deux études ont montré une relation entre perceptions gustatives et néophobie alimentaire qui peut d'autant plus influencer les préférences et les choix alimentaires

L'intégration des femmes et des idées féministes au sein du Parti québécois de 1973 à 1998

Dans le cadre de ce mémoire, j’analyse la relation que le Parti québécois entretenait avec la cause de l’émancipation des femmes au Québec vers la fin des années chaudes du féminisme, ainsi que les deux décennies qui suivent. Plus précisément, nous nous intéressons à l’intégration des femmes et des idées féministes au sein du parti entre 1973 et 1998, et ce à travers le travail de trois politiciennes ayant œuvré au sein de cette formation politique, soit Lise Payette, Louise Harel et Pauline Marois.Le Parti québécois est une formation politique relativement récente dans l’histoire de la politique québécoise, ce qui explique le peu d’études existant à son sujet. Cependant, de plus en plus d’historiens et d’historiennes semblent développer un intérêt pour l’analyse des rapports entre le Parti québécois et la société québécoise. Dans le cadre de ce mémoire, j’analyse la relation que le parti entretenait avec la cause de l’émancipation des femmes au Québec vers la fin des années chaudes du féminisme, ainsi que les deux décennies qui suivent. Plus précisément, nous nous intéressons à l’intégration des femmes et des idées féministes au sein du parti entre 1973 et 1998, et ce à travers le travail de trois politiciennes ayant oeuvré au sein de cette formation politique, soit Lise Payette, Louise Harel et Pauline Marois. À l’aide du fonds d’archives du parti, des journaux (La Presse, Le Devoir, La Tribune, Le Droit, Le Soleil, Le Quotidien du Saguenay, La Voix de l’Est, La Gazette des femmes et Québécoises deboutte!), des archives de l’Assemblée nationale, d’articles de Radio-Canada, d’autobiographies, de publications de la formation politique et du témoignage d’anciennes membres du parti, nous explorerons l’impact qu’a pu avoir le Parti québécois en matière de condition féminine au Québec dès son arrivée au pouvoir en 1976, mais aussi durant les quelques années qui ont précédé leur premier mandat. Nos recherches nous permettent de constater que l’implication politique de militantes au sein du parti a donné la possibilité aux différents membres de la formation politique d’ouvrir les yeux sur les enjeux concernant la condition féminine. La ténacité de ces politiciennes, à la fois députées et ministres, a permis aux différents gouvernements péquistes, s’ayant succédés de 1976 à 1998, d’adopter des lois favorisant une meilleure égalité entre les hommes et les femmes

Use of an antiviral mouthwash as a barrier measure in the SARS-CoV-2 transmission in adults with asymptomatic to mild COVID-19: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind controlled trial

International audienceObjectives: To determine if commercially available mouthwash with b-cyclodextrin and citrox (bio- flavonoids) (CDCM) could decrease the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) salivary viral load.Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) PCR-positive patients aged 18e85 years with asymptomatic to mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms for <8 days were recruited. A total of 176 eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to CDCM or placebo. Three rinses daily were performed for 7 days. Saliva sampling was performed on day 1 at 09.00 (T1), 13.00 (T2) and 18.00 (T3). On the following 6 days, one sample was taken at 15.00. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect SARS-CoV-2.Results: The intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated that, over the course of 1 day, CDCM was significantly more effective than placebo 4 hours after the first dose (p 0.036), with a median percentage (log10 copies/mL) decrease T1eT2 of e12.58% (IQR e29.55% to e0.16%). The second dose maintained the low median value for the CDCM (3.08 log10 copies/mL; IQR 0e4.19), compared with placebo (3.31 log10 copies/mL; IQR 1.18e4.75). At day 7, there was still a greater median percentage (log10 copies/mL) decrease in salivary viral load over time in the CDCM group (e58.62%; IQR e100% to e34.36%) compared with the placebo group (e50.62%; IQR e100% to e27.66%). These results were confirmed by the per-protocol analysis.Conclusions: This trial supports the relevance of using CDCM on day 1 (4 hours after the initial dose) to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in saliva. For long-term effect (7 days), CDMC appears to provide a modest benefit compared with placebo in reducing viral load in saliva

Spatio-Temporal Characterization of Brain Inflammation in a Non-human Primate Stroke Model Mimicking Endovascular Thrombectomy

International audienceAbstract Reperfusion therapies in acute ischemic stroke have demonstrated their efficacy in promoting clinical recovery. However, ischemia/reperfusion injury and related inflammation remain a major challenge in patient clinical management. We evaluated the spatio-temporal evolution of inflammation using sequential clinical [ 11 C]PK11195 PET-MRI in a non-human primate (NHP) stroke model mimicking endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) with a neuroprotective cyclosporine A (CsA) treatment. The NHP underwent a 110-min transient endovascular middle cerebral artery occlusion. We acquired [ 11 C]PK11195 dynamic PET-MR imaging at baseline, 7 and 30 days after intervention. Individual voxel-wise analysis was performed thanks to a baseline scan database. We quantified [ 11 C]PK11195 in anatomical regions and in lesioned areas defined on per-occlusion MR diffusion-weighted imaging and perfusion [ 15 O 2 ]H 2 OPET imaging. [ 11 C]PK11195 parametric maps showed a clear uptake overlapping the lesion core at D7, which further increased at D30. Voxel-wise analysis identified individuals with significant inflammation at D30, with voxels located within the most severe diffusion reduction area during occlusion, mainly in the putamen. The quantitative analysis revealed that thalamic inflammation lasted until D30 and was significantly reduced in the CsA-treated group compared to the placebo. In conclusion, we showed that chronic inflammation matched ADC decrease at occlusion time, a region exposed to an initial burst of damage-associated molecular patterns, in an NHP stroke model mimicking EVT. We described secondary thalamic inflammation and the protective effect of CsA in this region. We propose that major ADC drop in the putamen during occlusion may identify individuals who could benefit from early personalized treatment targeting inflammation

Coworkers, Makers and Hackers in the city : Reinventing policies, corporate strategies and citizenship ?

The world of work is changing. A century after moving from an agriculture-centered world to an Industrial one, from self-employed workers to salaried employees, our modern economies are slowly transitioning towards a new model: based on simultaneous collaboration and competition, the boundaries of contemporary organizations are blurring; information technologies are allowing individuals and companies to set base away from cities; shared working spaces are triggering new forms of collaborations between individuals and corporations.This White Paper aims at diagnosing key institutional tensions related to new work practices in the city, and putting forward questions and general propositions likely to overcome these tensions. The idea is to analyze how new collaborative communities and collaborative logics (of coworkers, hackers, makers, fabbers, and teleworkers) and more traditional collective activity and modes of decision making (of the city and corporations in the city) can jointly contribute to the co-production of harmonious new ways of life and new ways of working. Reinventing joint public policies, corporate strategies and citizenship appear here as a key stake where usual dichotomies between private-public, collaborative-non-collaborative economy, traditional citizens and hacktivists need to be overcome.We thus identify in this document a set of controversies around four strong political issues both for the city and the field of management, linked to the emergence of collaborative spaces:o Topic 1. Space, territories, and public policy on collaborative communities in the city;o Topic 2. Collaborative communities and their roles in education in the city;o Topic 3. Business models and their communication in the context of collaborative spaces and collaborative communities;o Topic 4. Collaborative spaces and their roles in innovation and entrepreneurial dynamics at the level of the cityBeyond our controversies, we underline three paradoxes which should be at the heart of new questions for policy-makers, hacktivists, actors of collaborative movements, and citizens (distinctions which may become less and less relevant in the years to come):o Social versus economic orientations of both the city and the collaborative communities it can host;o Critical/revolutionary versus more incremental relationships between cities, organizations, societies, collaborative communities, and new work practices;o Local territory (district/proximate area) grounded versus broader city-oriented or connectivity related issues about collaborative movement and new work practices.To balance these tensions, we elaborate seven general areas of questions and propositions for all stakeholders:o The generalization of infra-organization (physical collaborative platforms);o The emergence of “ ‘inclusive lab’ labels” (elaborated and managed by collaborative communities themselves);o A renewed academic presence in the city and in the country-side (with more virtual, distributed and ‘experiential’ logics);o Ephemeral and mobile labs managed jointly by public, collaborative and private stakeholders;o “Open open” innovation in public and semi-public spaces of the city;o Rise of mega-spaces for creativity in the city;o Development of a global infrastructure for coworkers, mobile workers and teleworkers.These are directions we see as particularly promising to manage the tensions, paradoxes and stakes explicated by our controversies.We hope that these questions and propositions will inspire both academics, politicians, hacktivists and entrepreneurs for future collaborations on the study and joint transformation of public policies, corporate strategies, and citizenship

Coworkers, Makers and Hackers in the city : Reinventing policies, corporate strategies and citizenship ?

The world of work is changing. A century after moving from an agriculture-centered world to an Industrial one, from self-employed workers to salaried employees, our modern economies are slowly transitioning towards a new model: based on simultaneous collaboration and competition, the boundaries of contemporary organizations are blurring; information technologies are allowing individuals and companies to set base away from cities; shared working spaces are triggering new forms of collaborations between individuals and corporations.This White Paper aims at diagnosing key institutional tensions related to new work practices in the city, and putting forward questions and general propositions likely to overcome these tensions. The idea is to analyze how new collaborative communities and collaborative logics (of coworkers, hackers, makers, fabbers, and teleworkers) and more traditional collective activity and modes of decision making (of the city and corporations in the city) can jointly contribute to the co-production of harmonious new ways of life and new ways of working. Reinventing joint public policies, corporate strategies and citizenship appear here as a key stake where usual dichotomies between private-public, collaborative-non-collaborative economy, traditional citizens and hacktivists need to be overcome.We thus identify in this document a set of controversies around four strong political issues both for the city and the field of management, linked to the emergence of collaborative spaces:o Topic 1. Space, territories, and public policy on collaborative communities in the city;o Topic 2. Collaborative communities and their roles in education in the city;o Topic 3. Business models and their communication in the context of collaborative spaces and collaborative communities;o Topic 4. Collaborative spaces and their roles in innovation and entrepreneurial dynamics at the level of the cityBeyond our controversies, we underline three paradoxes which should be at the heart of new questions for policy-makers, hacktivists, actors of collaborative movements, and citizens (distinctions which may become less and less relevant in the years to come):o Social versus economic orientations of both the city and the collaborative communities it can host;o Critical/revolutionary versus more incremental relationships between cities, organizations, societies, collaborative communities, and new work practices;o Local territory (district/proximate area) grounded versus broader city-oriented or connectivity related issues about collaborative movement and new work practices.To balance these tensions, we elaborate seven general areas of questions and propositions for all stakeholders:o The generalization of infra-organization (physical collaborative platforms);o The emergence of “ ‘inclusive lab’ labels” (elaborated and managed by collaborative communities themselves);o A renewed academic presence in the city and in the country-side (with more virtual, distributed and ‘experiential’ logics);o Ephemeral and mobile labs managed jointly by public, collaborative and private stakeholders;o “Open open” innovation in public and semi-public spaces of the city;o Rise of mega-spaces for creativity in the city;o Development of a global infrastructure for coworkers, mobile workers and teleworkers.These are directions we see as particularly promising to manage the tensions, paradoxes and stakes explicated by our controversies.We hope that these questions and propositions will inspire both academics, politicians, hacktivists and entrepreneurs for future collaborations on the study and joint transformation of public policies, corporate strategies, and citizenship

Long-term neurological symptoms after acute COVID-19 illness requiring hospitalization in adult patients: insights from the ISARIC-COVID-19 follow-up study

in this study we aimed to characterize the type and prevalence of neurological symptoms related to neurological long-COVID-19 from a large international multicenter cohort of adults after discharge from hospital for acute COVID-19